Estudios psicosociales sobre migraciones y comunidad: Introducción al monográfico

Introducing the special issue on psychosocial studies of migration and community, we briefly reflect on the global increase in, and issues related to, both international and domestic migration, particularly from rural areas of less developed countries, which has fueled rapid urbanization and intercultural tensions in both post-industrial and developing countries. Topics covered in the issue are summarized, including an Italian study of the emotional impact of discrimination against immigrant adolescents; acculturation, integration and adaptation of Muslim immigrant youth in New Zealand; perceptions of human trafficking in Moldova; Chinese migrant workers’ social networks, life satisfaction and political participation; physician brain drain from sub-Saharan Africa; and a critical analysis of the oppressive and liberating impact of organizations on immigrants, multiculturalism, and social justice. The issue concludes with commentary articles by four leading international scholars of migration and community. The breadth of topics helps to address wide-ranging gaps in the literature, but more psychological and social research must connect ecologically across multiple levels and to cultural, political, economic, and environmental studies of migration and community.Para presentar este monográfico sobre estudios psicosociales de las migraciones y comunidad, hacemos una breve reflexión sobre cómo la era global ha supuesto un aumento de las migraciones y un cambio en los procesos asociados. Se resalta su carácter internacional y nacional—especialmente en las zonas rurales en los países menos desarrollados. Estas migraciones han impulsado una rápida urbanización y han sido el origen de múltiples tensiones interculturales tanto en países post-industrializados como en los que están en vías de desarrollo. El monográfico incluye un estudio sobre el impacto emocional de la discriminación contra los adolescentes inmigrantes en Italia; otro sobre la aculturación, integración y adaptación de los jóvenes musulmanes inmigrantes en Nueva Zelanda; un análisis de las percepciones sobre la trata de seres humanos en Moldavia; otro que aborda las redes sociales, satisfacción con la vida y participación política de los inmigrantes chinos trabajadores, incluye un estudio sobre la fuga de cerebros de los médicos del África subsahariana; y un análisis crítico de los efectos opresores y liberadores de las organizaciones de inmigrantes en las comunidades de asentamiento. El monográfico concluye con los comentarios de cuatro destacados especialistas internacionales sobre la psicología de las migraciones y la comunidad. La amplitud de los temas abordados ofrece un escenario para reflexionar sobre las lagunas existentes en la literatura, poniendo de manifiesto la necesidad que hay en la psicología de las migraciones de realizar estudios internacionales e interdisciplinares que aborden la complejidad de los múltiples niveles implicados, incluyendo aspectos culturales, políticos, económicos y ambientales

Community Psychology and Public Policy: Research, Advocacy and Training in International Contexts

We introduce a special issue on public policy research, advocacy, and training by community psychologists that grew out of the Fifth International Community Psychology Conference held in Fortaleza, Brazil. Two papers from Portugal propose changes in sex education policies in schools and communities to promote adolescents’ rights and drug abuse policies based on decriminalization of use and possession, risk and harm reduction, and health promotion. An article from Spain addresses transformative policies to reduce public health disparities for the Roma population in that country. Three contributions from Brazil examine a Landless Workers Movement popular education and agroforestry project to support children and adolescents’ rights and participation; another social movement to control public policy on youth and adult literacy and education; and racist environmental and natural resource policies that ignore the territorial rights of indigenous Amazonian populations. A paper from Chile describes the creation of a regular public forum to reduce stigma and promote human rights in community mental health care. Another paper examines the development and presents examples of social-community psychologists’ involvement in policy work in Puerto Rico, the process of training students for this endeavor and how to improve training. Finally, three articles cover recent trends in policy advocacy by community psychologists in the United States including its promotion and capacity building by the Society for Community Research and Action; using social media as a tool to enhance effectiveness of advocacy efforts; and an assessment of advocates’ and legislators’ capacity, knowledge, and perceptions of child injury prevention to inform policy change efforts

Community Psychology and Public Policy: Research, Advocacy and Training in International Contexts

We introduce a special issue on public policy research, advocacy, and training by community psychologists that grew out of the Fifth International Community Psychology Conference held in Fortaleza, Brazil. Two papers from Portugal propose changes in sex education policies in schools and communities to promote adolescents’ rights and drug abuse policies based on decriminalization of use and possession, risk and harm reduction, and health promotion. An article from Spain addresses transformative policies to reduce public health disparities for the Roma population in that country. Three contributions from Brazil examine a Landless Workers Movement popular education and agroforestry project to support children and adolescents’ rights and participation; another social movement to control public policy on youth and adult literacy and education; and racist environmental and natural resource policies that ignore the territorial rights of indigenous Amazonian populations. A paper from Chile describes the creation of a regular public forum to reduce stigma and promote human rights in community mental health care. Another paper examines the development and presents examples of social-community psychologists’ involvement in policy work in Puerto Rico, the process of training students for this endeavor and how to improve training. Finally, three articles cover recent trends in policy advocacy by community psychologists in the United States including its promotion and capacity building by the Society for Community Research and Action; using social media as a tool to enhance effectiveness of advocacy efforts; and an assessment of advocates’ and legislators’ capacity, knowledge, and perceptions of child injury prevention to inform policy change efforts

Masculinity and feminity measurement in physical education teachers

Esta investigación tuvo por objetivo analizar las mediciones de masculinidad, feminidad, machismo y sumisión, características asociadas a la personalidad, de un grupo de docentes de Educación Física. Participaron en el estudio 53 docentes de nivel básico que laboran en un programa implementado por una institución gubernamental en la Ciudad de México. El muestreo fue de tipo no probabilístico. Se empleó como instrumento el Inventario de Masculinidad y Feminidad (IMAFE), instrumento confiable y válido en México, sujeto a prueba en otros países, en él se incluyen aspectos de los papeles de género tradicionales: machismo y sumisión. El análisis de los datos se efectúo mediante la prueba “t-Student” y el análisis de varianza de una clasificación, así como la comparación de medias de los resultados arrojados. Se concluye que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las cuatro escalas propuestas por el IMAFE y las variables de trabajo, sexo, edad y estado civil, en el grupo de docentes de Educación Física, en lo que respecta a las características asociadas a la personalidadThis research aimed to analyze the measurements of masculinity, femininity, machismo and submission features associated with the personality characteristics of a group of physical education teachers. Participated in the study53 basic level teachers working in a program implemented by a government institution in Mexico City. The sampling was not probabilistic type. As a tool for data collection was used the Inventory of Masculinity and femininity (IMAFE), reliable and valid instrument in Mexico, subject to testing in other countries, there aspects of traditional gender roles: machismo and submission. Data analysis undertaken using the “t-student” test and analysis of variance classification and comparison of the results obtained. It is concluded that no statistically significant differences in the four scales proposed by IMAFE and work variables sex, age and marital status in the group of physical education teachers in regard to the characteristics associated with personalit

Facile synthesis of monodisperse ZnO nanocrystals by direct liquid phase precipitation

ZnO nanocrystals can be synthesized by a variety of methods. Among them, only a few nonhydrolytic methods have been successful at low synthesis temperatures in terms of size, crystallinity, morphology and surface-defect control. These methods require very careful control of conditions and carefully engineered precursors. A new methodology—direct liquid phase precipitation—is reported here that can produce nanocrystals (NCs) which are a little difficult to obtain for these complex synthesis techniques in a more facile and efficient way (i.e., at room temperature). This technique results in high quality ZnO nanocrystals of diameter 5–12 nm and different morphologies. Characterisation of ZnO products shows that both synthesis and ageing conditions have significant effects on the formation of the nanocrystals. Capping agents and ageing temperature/time can be used to control both size and crystallinity of the products. The use of in situ or ex situ ageing conditions can result in different particle morphologies. Both in situ and ex situ ageing shows that mild ageing conditions (e.g., 60– and 24–48 hours) are required to produce the highest quality nanomaterials

From CO2 to Value-Added Products: A Review about Carbon-Based Materials for Electro-Chemical CO2 Conversion

This research was funded by Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, grant number RTI2018-099224-B-I00; and Junta de Andalucía, grant numbers P12-RNM-2892, P18- RTJ-2974 and RNM172. L.D.R.V. was funded by MINCIENCIAS.Data sharing not applicable.The authors thank the financial support of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (project RTI2018-099224-B-I00) and Junta de Andalucía (Project P12- RNM-2892, P18-RTJ-2974 and RNM172). L.D. Ramírez-Valencia is grateful to the Colombian Ministry of Sciences, Technology and Innovation (MINCIENCIAS) for supporting her PhD studies.The global warming and the dangerous climate change arising from the massive emission of CO2 from the burning of fossil fuels have motivated the search for alternative clean and sustainable energy sources. However, the industrial development and population necessities make the decoupling of economic growth from fossil fuels unimaginable and, consequently, the capture and conversion of CO2 to fuels seems to be, nowadays, one of the most promising and attractive solutions in a world with high energy demand. In this respect, the electrochemical CO2 conversion using renewable electricity provides a promising solution. However, faradaic efficiency of common electro-catalysts is low, and therefore, the design of highly selective, energy-efficient, and cost-effective electrocatalysts is critical. Carbon-based materials present some advantages such as relatively low cost and renewability, excellent electrical conductivity, and tunable textural and chemical surface, which show them as competitive materials for the electro-reduction of CO2. In this review, an overview of the recent progress of carbon-based electro-catalysts in the conversion of CO2 to valuable products is presented, focusing on the role of the different carbon properties, which provides a useful understanding for the materials design progress in this field. Development opportunities and challenges in the field are also summarized.Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities RTI2018-099224-B-I00Junta de Andalucia P12-RNM-2892 P18RTJ-2974 RNM17