Sobre la presencia de Nasua Storr (Carnivora, Procyonidae) en la provincia de Buenos Aires en el Holoceno tardío

The genus Nasua is represented by two species, Nasua nasua and Nasua narica. Its current distributionspans from the south of North America to the north of the Rio Negro in Uruguay. Both species of thegenus inhabit a great number of forested habitats. In Argentina, the species Nasua nasua is found in Tucuman,Jujuy, Chaco, Formosa and the northeast of Santa Fe. In the present contribution we describe a lower canineof Nasua nasua from the late Holocene of the Arroyo Fredes archaeological site, in the Parana?s Delta, BuenosAires Province, Argentina, which is outside the current distribution of this species. We compared the canine withseveral specimens of Nasua nasua both males and females. Given the strong sexual dimorphism observed in thecanines of this species, we recognized the specimen as a male. Two hypotheses can explain the presence of thisspecimen in the Parana?s Delta of Buenos Aires: (1) Current and past climatic similarities between the southernmostrecord of the species and the Arroyo Fredes archeological site, and the corridor effect caused by the galleryforests. (2) Human transport by the guaraniesEl género Nasua está compuesto por dos especies, Nasua nasua y Nasua narica. Se distribuye en la actualidad desde el sur de América del Norte hasta el norte del Río Negro en Uruguay. Ambas especies habitan un gran número de ambientes arbolados. En Argentina la especie Nasua nasua se encuentra en Tucumán, Jujuy, Chaco, Formosa y el Noreste de Santa Fe. En esta contribución describimos un canino inferior de Nasua nasua del Holoceno tardío del Sitio Arqueológico Arroyo Fredes en el Delta del Paraná de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina, que se encuentra por fuera de la distribución actual de la especie. Comparamos el canino con varios especímenes de Nasua nasua, tanto machos como hembras. Dado el fuerte dimorfismo sexual observado en los caninos, pudimos reconocer al espécimen como un macho. Dos hipótesis pueden explicar la presencia de este espécimen en el Delta del Paraná de Buenos Aires (1) Las similitudes entre las condiciones climáticas actuales y en el pasado entre la localidad actual más cercana y el sitio arqueológico Arroyo Fredes y el efecto corredor causado por los bosques en galería. (2) Transporte humano por los guaraníes.Fil: Ramírez, Mariano A. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; ArgentinaFil: Prevosti, Francisco Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Luján; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Alejandro. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Buc, Natacha. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; ArgentinaFil: Loponte, Daniel Marcelo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Secretaría de Cultura de la Nación. Dirección Nacional de Cultura y Museos. Instituto Nacional de Antropología y Pensamiento Latinoamericano; Argentin

Cell apoptosis and hemodialysis-induced inflammation

Cell apoptosis and hemodialysis-induced inflammation. Hemodialysis patients exhibit a defective immune response leading to an increased susceptibility of infections and neoplasms. Far from being helpful, dialytic therapy per se also may be responsible for this acquired immunodeficiency. Dialysis membranes and bacterial products present in dialysis water may trigger and even perpetuate an abnormal mononuclear cell activation. Upon contact with cellulosic dialysis membranes, monocytes display an increased expression of surface markers of cell activation, such as adhesion molecules CD18, CD49, CD54 and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) ligand (CD14). Moreover, proinflammatory cytokines as IL-1β and TNF-α are released both in vivo and in vitro when monocytes are exposed to cellulosic membranes. Of special interest is the fact that end-stage renal disease patients undergoing hemodialysis exhibit an increased mononuclear cell apoptosis. This apoptosis is directly related to the degree of biocompatibility of the dialysis membrane. Apoptosis is activated when monocytes enter in contact with the cellulosic dialysis membrane through cell surface receptors linked to G-proteins. In early steps of apoptosis signaling, pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins are coupled to protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent phosphorylative mechanisms. Furthermore, recent evidence support that the execution phase of apoptosis is mediated by a caspase-3 dependent pathway. Finally, very recent available data support that monocytes subjected to repeated activation suffer a process of accelerated senescence, as demonstrated by the senescent phenotype (CD14 and CD32) expressed and their shortened telomeric length. This senescent profile may generage a defective cellular response in acute stress situations, explaining (at least in part) the altered immune response observed in hemodialysis patients

SISTEMA DE RECONOCIMIENTO DE VOZ BASADO EN UN MÉTODO DE APRENDIZAJE SUPERVISADO Y LA CORRELACIÓN DE PEARSON (K-NN ALGORITHM AND PEARSON CORRELATION-BASED A VOICE RECOGNITION SYSTEM)

Resumen El reconocimiento automático de voz es una disciplina de la inteligencia artificial, que tiene como objetivo permitir la comunicación hablada entre seres humanos y computadoras. Este artículo propone un sistema de reconocimiento de voz, basado en la extracción de características distintivas de la voz y el método de aprendizaje supervisado, denominado algoritmo k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbors), que requiere del entrenamiento del sistema. Así como se plantea calcular automáticamente por medio de la correlación de Pearson, para que el sistema de reconocimiento de voz sea más del algoritmo k-NN. Finalmente, se evalúa el sistema con voces de personajes conocidos para centrarse en la eficiencia del sistema. Palabras Clave: Algoritmo K-vecinos más cercanos, correlación de Pearson, entrenamiento, extracción de características, sistema de reconocimiento de voz. Abstract Automatic speech recognition or automatic voice recognition is a discipline of artificial intelligence, which aims to allow spoken communication between humans and computers. This paper proposes a speech recognition system, based on the extraction of distinctive characteristics of the voice, and the k-NN (k-Nearest Neighbors) algorithm, which requires training of the system. As well as, it, presents the calculation of through Pearson's correlation, in this way k will not be fixed, and the speech recognition will be most efficient. Finally, the system is evaluated; by using known characters for it focuses on the efficiency of such system. Keywords: Feature extraction, k-Nearest neighbors Pearson correlation, training, voice recognition system

ZoomBooks Smart: Sistema Digital para la Recuperación de Información relevante a escuelas de nivel medio superior

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta para la construcción del prototipo de software ZoomBooks Smart, basado en un Sistema de Recuperación de Información orientado a sinconexión (SRI- off line) para el almacenamiento y recuperación de documentos relevantes a la carga curricular de los estudiantes de nivel medio superior, especialmente para los bachilleratos apartados de las tres Mixtecas de la República Mexicana que carecen de recursos de información digitales. La metodología planteada para su implementación tiene como base el modelo Booleano Extendido (BE) para la recuperación, además de aplicar aprendizaje automático para recomendar lecturas a los usuarios con base en sus perfiles, y técnicas del Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (PLN) para el tratado automático de tareas específicas como las sugerencias de frases mediante n-gramas y la expansión de consultas. Se presenta un primer prototipo de software que tiene la funcionalidad de almacenar, de manera semiautomática los documentos en formato PDF (formato de documento portátil) que son relevantes a las diferentes asignaturas de la carga curricular de los estudiantes u otros usuarios en el ambiente académico. Los documentos pueden ser recuperados en orden de relevancia consulta-documento, mediante consultas de texto libre

Análisis fisicoquímico y proteínico de la pasta de chapulín (Sphenarium purpurascens Charpentier)

Objective: Make grasshopper paste (Gp) and incorporate it into Mole Poblano (MP), evaluating the physicochemical characteristics and protein content of this mixture. Design / methodology / approach: Grasshoppers were collected and Gp was prepared. Later, the Gp was included in the Mole Poblano paste (MP) in the following treatments: T0 = 0Gp and 100% MP, T10 = 10% Gp and 90% MP, T15 = 15% Gp and 85% MP, T20 = 20 % Gp and 80% MP, T25 = 25% Gp and 75% MP and T30 = 30% Gp and 70% MP. The treatments were subjected to physical-chemical analysis and protein content. Findings / conclusion: Treatments T0 and T10 had the highest L *. the variable ?E was clearer for T0 and was different among all the other treatments. The C * saturation index decreased between treatments. Protein content increased with the inclusion of Gp. There were no differences between treatments in pH and water activity. It is concluded that the Gp can be incorporated into the MP to improve its nutritional value and there is no drastic change in the physicochemical variables of the evaluated treatments.Objetivo: Preparar pasta de chapulín (Pch) e incorporarla al mole poblano (MP), evaluando las características fisicoquímicas y el contenido proteínico del preparado. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se colectaron chapulines y se preparó Pch. Posteriormente la harina se incluyó en la pasta de MP en los siguientes tratamientos: T0= 0Ch y 100% MP, T10= 10% Pch y 90% MP, T15= 15% Pch y 85% MP, T20= 20% Pch y 80% MP, T25= 25% Pch y 75% MP y T30= 30% Pch y 70% MP. A los tratamientos se le realizó los análisis físicoquímicos y contenido de proteína.  Hallazgos/conclusión: Los tratamientos T0 y T10 tuvieron la mayor L*. la variable ?E fue más claro para T0 y fue diferente entre todos los demás tratamientos. El índice de saturación C* descendió entre los tratamientos. El contenido de proteína incrementó con la inclusión de la Pch. No hubo diferencias entre los tratamientos en el pH y la actividad de agua. Se concluye que la Pch se puede incorporar al MP para mejorar su valor nutricional y no existe un cambio drástico en las variables fisicoquímicas de los tratamientos evaluados

MVA-based vaccine candidates expressing SARS-CoV-2 prefusion-stabilized spike proteins of the Wuhan, Beta or Omicron BA.1 variants protect transgenic K18-hACE2 mice against Omicron infection and elicit robust and broad specific humoral and cellular immune responses

Despite the decrease in mortality and morbidity due to SARS-CoV-2 infection, the incidence of infections due to Omicron subvariants of SARS-CoV-2 remains high. The mutations acquired by these subvariants, mainly concentrated in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), have caused a shift in infectivity and transmissibility, leading to a loss of effectiveness of the first authorized COVID-19 vaccines, among other reasons, by neutralizing antibody evasion. Hence, the generation of new vaccine candidates adapted to Omicron subvariants is of special interest in an effort to overcome this immune evasion. Here, an optimized COVID-19 vaccine candidate, termed MVA-S(3P_BA.1), was developed using a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) vector expressing a full-length prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein from the Omicron BA.1 variant. The immunogenicity and efficacy induced by MVA-S(3P_BA.1) were evaluated in mice in a head-to-head comparison with the previously generated vaccine candidates MVA-S(3P) and MVA-S(3Pbeta), which express prefusion-stabilized S proteins from Wuhan strain and Beta variant, respectively, and with a bivalent vaccine candidate composed of a combination of MVA-S(3P) and MVA-S(3P_BA.1). The results showed that all four vaccine candidates elicited, after a single intramuscular dose, protection of transgenic K18-hACE2 mice challenged with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1, reducing viral loads, histopathological lesions, and levels of proinflammatory cytokines in the lungs. They also elicited anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibodies against various Omicron subvariants, with MVA-S(3P_BA.1) and the bivalent vaccine candidate inducing higher titers. Additionally, an intranasal immunization in C57BL/6 mice with all four vaccine candidates induced systemic and mucosal S-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell and humoral immune responses, and the bivalent vaccine candidate induced broader immune responses, eliciting antibodies against the ancestral Wuhan strain and different Omicron subvariants. These results highlight the use of MVA as a potent and adaptable vaccine vector against new emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, as well as the promising feature of combining multivalent MVA vaccine candidates.The author(s) declare financial support was received for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. This research was supported by Fondo COVID-19 grant COV20/00151 (Spanish Health Ministry, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)), Fondo Supera COVID-19 grant (Crue Universidades-Banco Santander), CSIC grant 202120E079, grant CNS2022-135511 funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities (MCIU)/Spanish Research Agency (AEI)/10.13039/501100011033 and by the European Union NextGenerationEU/PRTR to promote the consolidation of research, and funds from Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) co-financed with FEDER funds (to JG-A); CSIC grant 2020E84, la Caixa Banking Foundation grant CF01-00008, Ferrovial, and MAPFRE donations (to ME); and Spanish MCIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 grant PID2020-114481RB-I00 (to JG-A and ME). This research work was also funded by the European Commission-NextGenerationEU, through CSIC’s Global Health Platform (PTI Salud Global) (to JG-A and ME). JG-A also received grants from the European Commission HORIZON-HLTH-2023-DISEASE-03-18 (Project MARVAX: 101137183 and Project FLAVIVACCINE: 101137006). JG-A and ME also acknowledges financial support from the Spanish AEI/10.13039/501100011033, through the “Severo Ochoa” Programme for Centres of Excellence in R&D (SEV-2013-0347, SEV-2017-0712). JC acknowledges MCIU and CSIC support (project number 202020E079). RD received grants from ISCIII (FIS PI2100989), the European Commission Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (Project VIRUSCAN FETPROACT-2016: 731868 and Project EPIC-CROWN-2: 101046084), and Fundación Caixa-Health Research HR18-00469 (Project StopEbola). The funders were not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article, or the decision to submit it for publication.Peer reviewe

Rhizobium Promotes Non-Legumes Growth and Quality in Several Production Steps: Towards a Biofertilization of Edible Raw Vegetables Healthy for Humans

The biofertilization of crops with plant-growth-promoting microorganisms is currently considered as a healthy alternative to chemical fertilization. However, only microorganisms safe for humans can be used as biofertilizers, particularly in vegetables that are raw consumed, in order to avoid sanitary problems derived from the presence of pathogenic bacteria in the final products. In the present work we showed that Rhizobium strains colonize the roots of tomato and pepper plants promoting their growth in different production stages increasing yield and quality of seedlings and fruits. Our results confirmed those obtained in cereals and alimentary oil producing plants extending the number of non-legumes susceptible to be biofertilized with rhizobia to those whose fruits are raw consumed. This is a relevant conclusion since safety of rhizobia for human health has been demonstrated after several decades of legume inoculation ensuring that they are optimal bacteria for biofertilization

Evaluación sensorial de ate hecho con pectina de cáscara de naranja

Objetivo: El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la calidad sensorial de un ate hecho con pectina de cáscara de naranja comparado con uno elaborado con pectina industrial (control), con la finalidad de dar una alternativa de uso de este biopolímero en un alimento artesanal mexicano. Diseño/metodología/aproximación: Se realizó la extracción de pectina de la cáscara de naranja. Se elaboraron muestras de ate control y otra elaborada con pectina de naranja; se evaluaron características físicas y sensoriales. Resultados: No hubo diferencias en color, ni en la percepción sensorial de sabor, color y textura del ate hecho de pectina de cáscara de naranja y aquel elaborado con pectina industrial. Sin embargo, el ate de pectina de cáscara de naranja mostró mayor adhesividad y fue más frágil que el control. Limitaciones del estudio/implicaciones:  Se requieren más estudios del efecto de adición de la pectina extraída de la cáscara de naranja para mejorar la textura del ate. Hallazgos/conclusiones: Los resultados mostraron que la pectina de cáscara de naranja puede utilizarse en la elaboración del ate