The Effects of Diet and Physical Activity on Resting Metabolic Rate (Rmr) Measured by Indirect Calorimetry, and Body Composition Assessment by Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (Dxa)

Objective: This study was planned to investigate the effects of diet and physical activity on resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured by indirect calorimetry, and body composition assessed by dual energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal, clinical intervention study of weight loss diet daily with/without exercise for 12 weeks. Overweight women with a body mass index (BMI): 25.0-29.9 kg/m(2) and obese women with a BMI>30.0 kg/m(2) (n:37), aged 20-45 years were included in the study. The subjects were divided into two groups: DA - the group received diet alone (n:20), DPA - the group received diet and exercise therapy (n:17). Various anthropometric measurements were performed; body composition of the subjects were measured by DXA and bioelectrical impedance analyzer (BIA) and resting energy expenditure (REE) was assessed by Cosmed K4 B2 at the beginning and end of the study. Results: Basal metabolic rate (BMR) and RMR during the weight loss program in DA group were significantly lower than at baseline (p<0.001). While BMR measurements decreased, RMR levels increased significantly in DPA group at the end of the study (p<0.001). There were significant differences between the groups in terms of body weight (kg) (p=0.001), body fat mass (kg) (p=0.001) and body fat percentage (%) (p<0.05) that was measured by DXA. Conclusion: Diet and exercise together could accelerate body fat loss, preserve fat-free mass and prevent/increase in RMR more effectively than with diet restriction alone. It is suggested that, in order to ensure healthy weight loss, increasing physical activity in addition to diet should be recommended. Turk J Phys Med Rehab 2012;58:1-8.Wo

Glutensiz Diyetin Sağlık Üzerine Etkileri

Glutensiz diyetler, başlıca çölyak hastalığı olmak üzere irritabl bağırsak sendromu, otizm, romatoid artrit, şizofreni, atopi, fibromiyalji, endometriozis ve kronik pelvik ağrı, atletik performans ve vücut ağırlık kaybı diyetlerinde kullanılmaktadır. Glutensiz diyetin, uygulayanlarda protein, diyet posası, vitamin ve mineraller gibi bazı besin ögesi eksikliklerine neden olabileceği bildirilmiştir. Glutensiz besinlerin enerji ve yağ içeriklerinin yüksek olmasından dolayı glutensiz diyete uyum sonrası, vücut ağırlığı kaybı yerine vücut ağırlığı kazanımı meydana gelebilmektedir. Ayrıca glutensiz besinlerin yağ içeriği yüksek olduğundan kardiyovasküler risk faktörleri açısından da dikkatli olunmalıdır. Glutensiz diyetlerde sık görülen besin ögesi yetersizliklerini önlemek için gluten içermeyen ve besin ögeleri açısından zengin alternatif tahılların tüketilmesinin yanı sıra posa ve birçok besin ögesinden zengin sebze, meyve ve kurubaklagil tüketimine de önem gösterilmelidir

Mentoring Expectations and Experiences of Prospective and Cooperating Teachers during Practice Teaching

This study aimed to explore prospective and cooperating teachers’ perceived and received roles and responsibilities regarding mentoring practices during practice teaching in an English as a Foreign Language (EFL) setting. Data were gathered from reflective journals of the prospective teachers and interviews with the dyad members of practice teaching. The findings of the study pose implications for practice teaching applications and indicate a need for an effective socio-professional network between the prospective and cooperating teachers during practice teaching. The study provides suggestions to involve the dyad members in the planning and application stages of the practice teaching experience

The effect of coffee and caffeine consumption on serum lipids in rats

This study was carried out on the male adult Wistar-Albino rats in order to investigate the effects of coffee and caffeine consumption on serum lipids in atherogenic and normal diets. Fifty rats were divided into five groups and each group was fed with the following diets: first group was a control group and fed with the standard chow diet, coffee, caffeine, cholesterol and cholesterol plus coffee were added to second, third, fourth, and fifth groups, respectively. The results indicated that the consumption of coffee alone had no effect on serum lipids. However the addition of coffee to a hypercholesterolemic diet significantly increased the effect on serum total cholesterol (P < 0.01), triglycerides (P < 0.05), VLDL-cholesterol (P < 0.05), LDL-cholesterol (P < 0.01), and HDL-cholesterol (P < 0.01) levels. Adding caffeine to normal diet resulted in an increase in serum total cholesterol (P < 0.01). Despite these increases, the ratio of HDL-cholesterol to total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol remained unchanged. The results indicated that coffee could not be considered alone as a risk factor for coronary heart disease

Assessment And Evaluation Of The Nutritional Status Of The Elderly Using 2 Different Instruments

Objectives: The elderly population continues to increase in most countries and inadequate nutrition is a common problem affecting their functional and physical status. Therefore, we should periodically assess the nutritional status of the elderly using practical methods. Our study objectives are to assess the nutritional status of the elderly using 2 different methods: Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA) and Nutritional Screening Initiative Checklist (NSIC), and to evaluate the consistency of the methods. Methods: We carried out a cross-sectional study between February 2003 and March 2004. We included a total of 1,564 elderly volunteers living in Ankara, Turkey, with median (+/- inter quartile range [IQR]) age of 70 8 (Male: 71 9; Female: 70 9) years. We utilized 2 frequently used instruments; MNA and NSIC in this study. Results: The MNA results ( 0.05). We analyzed agreements between MNA and NSIC score by Kappa statistical method (kappa: 0.13, p:0.285) and determined that neither of these 2 methods can be used in lieu of the other. Conclusion: For the assessment of the nutritional status of the elderly, we could use both NINA and NSIC instruments but depending on the facilities and preferences, we cannot use one to replace the other. The MNA includes both anthropometric measurements and various nutritional parameters, and is a practical and most valid method.Wo