Антропометрические параметры новорожденных с реализовавшейся перинатальной трансмиссией ВИЧ

Purpose of the study: evaluation of the anthropometric parameters of newborns with realized perinatal transmission of HIV.Materials and methods: The article presents the analysis of the main anthropometric parameters (length, weight, head and chest circumference) of 147 infants born to HIV-infected mothers who were divided into 2 groups of observation (with realized and unrealized transmission of HIV).Results: These results demonstrate that a reduction in comparison with the normative parameters of anthropometric indicators such as body weight, head circumference and chest circumference at birth, is a distinctive feature, substantiating intrauterine infection with HIV. Indicators body length did not significantly deviate from the norm in both groups observation that, apparently, was associated with a short-term impact of HIV on the child body during pregnancy.Цель: оценка антропометрических показателей новорожденных с реализовавшейся перинатальной трансмиссией ВИЧ.Материалы и методы: проанализированы данные основных антропометрических показателей (длина и масса тела, окружность головы и грудной клетки) 147 новорожденных, рожденных от ВИЧ-инфицированных матерей, которые были разделены на 2 группы наблюдения (с реализовавшейся и нереализовавшейся трансмиссией ВИЧ).Результаты: полученные данные продемонстрировали, что снижение, по сравнению с нормативными параметрами, таких антропометрических показателей, как масса тела, окружность головы и окружность грудной клетки при рождении, является дифференциальным признаком, достоверно характеризующим внутриутробное инфицирование ВИЧ. Показатели длины тела существенно не отклонялись от нормы в обеих группах наблюдения, что, по-видимому, было связано с непродолжительным воздействием ВИЧ на организм ребенка во время беременности

Experience in International Cooperation on Organization of Anti-Epidemic Measures by Health Care Institutions under COVID-19 Pandemic in the Republic of Uzbekistan

The results of the joint work of a panel of experts from Rospotrebnadzor and healthcare professionals of the Republic of Uzbekistan on organizing activities to counter the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus are described in the paper.The goal of the study was to determine the main driving forces of COVID-19 spread in the Republic of Uzbekistan and develop an action plan to reduce the incidence of coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.Materials and methods. The organization of work in 14 health care institutions in Tashkent and Samarkand, as well as in Tashkent and Samarkand Regions, was analyzed: in 7 laboratories, 6 hospitals and 1 polyclinic. The routes for the movement of personnel, the demarcation of green and red zones, the features of disinfection and the use of personal protective equipment were studied. Attention is drawn to the diagnosis of COVID-19, the use of therapy aimed at reducing the period of virus shedding, the criteria for lifting quarantine restrictions for patients.Results and discussion. The main factors in the organization of work of institutions that contribute to the spread of COVID-19 among medical personnel and the population have been identifed: the lack of equipped gateways between the red and green zones with the accessibility of adequate disinfection, the wrong choice of personal protective equipment, monitoring of contact persons for 10 days, discharge from hospitals based on clinical improvement. The incorrect use of antiviral therapy, the lack of differentiated approaches to the selection of optimal regimens have been noted. Proposals are formulated for organizing the work of healthcare institutions, taking into account the requirements of biological safety. The introduction of targeted measures in addition to those previously adopted has led to a signifcant improvement in the epidemic situation: the total number of active cases in the Republic of Uzbekistan, despite the increase in testing volumes, decreased from 3,686 people on August 23 to 2335 on October 27. Towards December 20, 2020, 97 % of patients recovered completely. All diagnostic triage centers in the Republic of Uzbekistan are closed due to the absence of patients with COVID-19, most of the country’s medical institutions previously re-profled for patients with coronavirus infection have returned to the routine operations

INTERPRETATION OF FAMOUS HORSE-BASED TOPONYMS

The transition from one type of horse to another is a common occurrence in the language. In this case, the famous horse moves further away from the appellate basis on which it is based, in some cases becoming completely irrelevant in meaning. For example, in the toponym Abdushukur> Shukur> Shukurkuduk, Abdushukur Shukur means a person, while Shukurkuduk means a water body. The first is related to the concept of man and the second to the concept of hydronymic object. Thus, the toponym Shukurkuduk is far from its original appellate basis - Abdushukur in terms of meaning, function and form. In the system of famous horses, it is common for famous horses to cross each other, and this feature has a different appearance. Depending on how well-known the horse is in my new toponym, the new name is called: 1. If the toponym is based on a person's name, surname, nickname, pseudonym - anthropotoponym; 2. If my toponym is based on the name of a tribe, tribe, people, nation or collective nickname of those ethnic groups - ethnotoponym; 3. If the toponym is based on the names of cosmic objects (Moon, Sun, Planet, Star, etc.) - cosmotoponym; 4. If my toponym is based on toponyms (place names) - topotoponym; 5. The toponym is called a hydrotoponym if it is based on the name of water bodies (hydronyms). Below we proceed to the analysis of the occurrences of the names mentioned in the Nurata toponymy

Interpretation of Famous Horse-based Toponyms

The transition from one type of horse to another is a common occurrence in the language. In this case, the famous horse moves further away from the appellate basis on which it is based, in some cases becoming completely irrelevant in meaning. For example, in the toponym Abdushukur> Shukur> Shukurkuduk, Abdushukur Shukur means a person, while Shukurkuduk means a water body. The first is related to the concept of man and the second to the concept of hydronymic object. Thus, the toponym Shukurkuduk is far from its original appellate basis - Abdushukur in terms of meaning, function and form. In the system of famous horses, it is common for famous horses to cross each other, and this feature has a different appearance. Depending on how well-known the horse is in my new toponym, the new name is called: 1. If the toponym is based on a person's name, surname, nickname, pseudonym - anthropotoponym; 2. If my toponym is based on the name of a tribe, tribe, people, nation or collective nickname of those ethnic groups - ethnotoponym; 3. If the toponym is based on the names of cosmic objects (Moon, Sun, Planet, Star, etc.) - cosmotoponym; 4. If my toponym is based on toponyms (place names) - topotoponym; 5. The toponym is called a hydrotoponym if it is based on the name of water bodies (hydronyms). Below we proceed to the analysis of the occurrences of the names mentioned in the Nurata toponymy

Etiological structure of anemia in HIV-infected children

In most cases, HIV infection in children is accompanied by the development of anemia with a decrease in hemoglobin  levels.We studied the structure of anemia in 114 children  with HIV infection aged from 1 year to 18 years. Depending on the clinical stage of HIV infection, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st group — 20 children with the second clinical stage of HIV infection;  2nd group — 74 children with the third clinical stage; 3rd group — 20 children with a fourth clinical stage. Serum iron and ferritin were determined.In the majority of patients (95.2%) of the studied groups iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was detected, in 4.8% of cases anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) was detected.The importance of differentiation of the identified anemia determines the therapeutic tactics and the need for the appointment of iron-containing drugs

Этиологическая структура анемий у ВИЧ-инфицированных детей

In most cases, HIV infection in children is accompanied by the development of anemia with a decrease in hemoglobin  levels.We studied the structure of anemia in 114 children  with HIV infection aged from 1 year to 18 years. Depending on the clinical stage of HIV infection, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1st group — 20 children with the second clinical stage of HIV infection;  2nd group — 74 children with the third clinical stage; 3rd group — 20 children with a fourth clinical stage. Serum iron and ferritin were determined.In the majority of patients (95.2%) of the studied groups iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was detected, in 4.8% of cases anemia of chronic diseases (ACD) was detected.The importance of differentiation of the identified anemia determines the therapeutic tactics and the need for the appointment of iron-containing drugs.В большинстве  случаев  у пациентов детского возраста ВИЧ-инфекция сопровождается развитием анемии со снижением уровня гемоглобина.Изучали структуру анемии у 114 детей с ВИЧ-инфекцией в возрасте от 1 года жизни до 18 лет. В зависимости от клинической стадии ВИЧ-инфекции пациенты были разделены на 3 группы: 1-я группа — 20 детей со второй клинической стадией ВИЧ-инфекции; 2-я группа  — 74 ребенка с третьей клинической стадией; 3-я группа —20 детей с четвертой клинической стадией. Определяли сывороточное железо и ферритин.У большинства  пациентов  (95,2%) исследуемых групп была выявлена железодефицитная анемия (ЖДА), в 4,8% случаев анемия хронических заболеваний (АХЗ).Важность дифференцировки  выявленной анемии определяет терапевтическую тактику и необходимость назначения железосодержащих препаратов.</p