Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Thin Film Grown by Chemical Bath Deposition

In this work we report synthesis and optical characterization of CdS thin films coated on glass substrate. The films were deposited using chemical bath deposition method. Scanning Electron microscopy shows a uniform film of CdS film at particular concentration and dipping time. The Energy Dispersive spectroscopy reveals the presence of Cd and S in the CdS film. X-Ray diffraction confirms the cubic structure of CdS deposited on glass and amorphous nature of glass. Optical and photoluminescence studies were done using UV-Visible spectroscopy and Photoluminescence spectroscopy respectively. We have determined bandgap by analyzing UV-Visible spectra results. Wettability studies were done using Optical Contact Angle, which confirms the hydrophobic nature of the CdS films. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3195

Neocucumis kilburni sp. nov. (Echinodermata : Holothuroidea : Cucumariidae) from the east coast of South Africa, with a key to the genus Neocucumis

A new dendrochirotid holothuroid, Neocucumis kilbumi, is described from waters 50 meters deep, off the southern coast of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It appears quite close to N. watasei (Ohshima) and N. sordidatus (Sluiter), both from the West Pacific and to N. atlanticus (Ludwig & Heding) from the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. It differs from the former in the nature of the calcareous ring and the disc and the spire of the body wall tables, from N. sordidatus in the completeness of its deposits and the number of polian vesicles and from N. atlanticus in the presence of handles to the quadrilocular table discs. The new species increases to ten the number of species now classified in the genus Neocucumis. A key to all the species is included

4-Prime cordiality of some cycle related graphs

Recently three prime cordial labeling behavior of path, cycle, complete graph, wheel, comb, subdivison of a star, bistar, double comb, corona of tree with a vertex, crown, olive tree and other standard graphs were studied. Also four prime cordial labeling behavior of complete graph, book, flower were studied. In this paper, we investigate the four prime cordial labeling behavior of corona of wheel, gear, double cone, helm, closed helm, butterfly graph, and friendship graph

Controlling the drug-resistant tuberculosis epidemic in India: challenges and implications

India has a higher tuberculosis (TB) burden than any other country, accounting for an estimated one-fourth of the global burden. Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) presents a major public health problem in India. Patients with DR-TB often require profound changes in their drug regimens, which are invariably linked to poor treatment adherence and sub-optimal treatment outcomes compared to drug-sensitive TB. The challenge of addressing DR-TB is critical for India, as India contributes over 27% of global DR-TB cases. In recent decades, India has been proactive in its battle against TB, even implementing a revised National Strategic Plan to eliminate TB by 2025. However, to achieve this ambitious goal, the country will need to take a multifaceted approach with respect to its management of DR-TB. Despite concerted efforts made by the National TB Elimination Program, India faces substantial challenges with regard to DR-TB care, especially in peripheral and resource-limited endemic zones. This article describes some of the major challenges associated with mitigating the growing DR-TB epidemic in India and their implications

Does the Choice of Metric Matter for Identifying Areas for Policy Priority? An Empirical Assessment Using Child Undernutrition in India

Abstract: Ratio-based prevalence and absolute headcounts are the two most commonly accepted metrics to measure the burden of various socioeconomic phenomenon. However, ratio-based prevalence, calculated as the number of cases with certain conditions relative to the total population, is by far the most widely used to rank burden and consequently for targeting, across different populations, often defined in terms of geographical areas. In this regard, targeting areas exclusively based on prevalence-based metric poses certain fundamental difficulties with some serious policy implications. Drawing the data from the National Family Health Survey 2015–2016, and Census 2011, this paper takes four indicators of child undernutrition in India as an example to examine two contextual questions: first, does the choice of metric matter for targeting areas for reducing child undernutrition in India? and second; which metric should be used to facilitate comparisons and targeting across variable populations? Our findings suggest a moderate correlation between prevalence estimates and absolute headcounts implying that choice of metric does matter when targeting child undernutrition. Huge variations were observed between prevalence-based and absolute count-based ranking of the districts. In fact, in various cases, districts with the highest absolute number of undernourished children were ranked as relatively lower-burden districts based on prevalence. A simple comparison between the two approaches—when applied to targeting undernourished children in India—indicates that prevalence-based prioritization may miss high-burden areas where substantially higher number of undernourished children are concentrated. For developing populous countries like India, which is already grappling with high levels of maternal and child malnutrition and poor health infrastructure along with intrinsic socioeconomic inequalities, it is critical to adopt an appropriate metric for effective targeting and prioritization

Synthesis and Characterization of Nonaqueous Deposited Nanocrystalline Cds Film

A nanocrystallineCdS film can be deposited by chemical bath deposition using non aqueous medium. XRD analysis confirms the crystalline structure of CdS (002) with 34 nm crystallite size. The as deposited films are stoichiometric in nature with Cd and S atomic % ratio equal to 1.0. The field emission scanning electron miceoscope and atomic force microscopy studies revels a densely packed non porous granular deposit with RMS value of roughness equal to 92nm. The band gap of the film is measures by spectroscopy and it is observed to 2.40 eV which is good agreement with the reported result. The photoluminescence prominent peak of the CdS film is observed to be 392 nm

Detection of 65 kD heat shock protein in cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis patients

BACKGROUND: Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult. Rapid confirmatory diagnosis is essential to initiate required therapy. There are very few published reports about the diagnostic significance of 65 kD heat shock protein (hsp) in TBM patients, which is present in a wide range of Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and elicits a cellular and humoral immune response. In the present study we have conducted a prospective evaluation for the demonstration of 65 kD hsp antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBM patients, by indirect ELISA method using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the 65 kD hsp antigen, for the diagnosis of TBM. METHODS: A total of 160 CSF samples of different groups of patients (confirmed TBM {n = 18}, clinically suspected TBM {n = 62}, non TBM infectious meningitis {n = 35} and non-infectious neurological diseases {n = 45}) were analyzed by indirect ELISA method using mAb to 65 kD hsp antigen. The Kruskal Wallis test (Non-Parametric ANOVA) with the Dunnett post test was used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: The indirect ELISA method yielded 84% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the diagnosis of TBM using mAb to 65 kD hsp antigen. The mean absorbance value of 65 kD hsp antigen in TBM patients was [0.70 ± 0.23 (0.23–1.29)], significantly higher than the non-TBM infectious meningitis group [0.32 ± 0.14 (0.12–0.78), P < 0.001] and also higher than the non-infectious neurological disorders group [0.32 ± 0.13 (0.20–0.78), P < 0.001]. A significant difference in the mean absorbance of 65 kD hsp antigen was noted in the CSF of culture-positive TBM patients [0.94 ± 0.18 (0.54–1.29)] when compared with clinically suspected TBM patients [0.64 ± 0.20 (0.23–0.98), P < 0.05]. CONCLUSION: The presence of 65 kD hsp antigen in the CSF of confirmed and suspected cases of TBM would indicate that the selected protein is specific to M. tuberculosis and could be considered as a diagnostic marker for TBM

Development of an in vitro model to study clot lysis activity of thrombolytic drugs

BACKGROUND: Thrombolytic drugs are widely used for the management of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis patients. Several in vitro models have been developed to study clot lytic activity of thrombolytic drugs, but all of these have certain limitations. There is need of an appropriate model to check the clot lytic efficacy of thrombolytic drugs. In the present study, an attempt has been made to design and develop a new model system to study clot lysis in a simplified and easy way using a thrombolytic drug, streptokinase. METHODS: Whole blood from healthy individuals (n = 20) was allowed to form clots in a pre-weighed sterile microcentrifuge tubes; serum was removed and clot was weighed. After lysis by streptokinase fluid was removed and remnants of clot were again weighed along with the tube. Percentage of Clot lysis was calculated on the basis of the weight difference of microcentrifuge tubes obtained before and after clot lysis. RESULTS: There was a significant percentage of clot lysis observed when streptokinase was used. On the other hand with water (negative control), minimal (2.5%) clot lysis was observed. There was a significant difference between clot lysis done by streptokinase and water. CONCLUSION: Our study could be a rapid and effective methodology to study clot-lytic effect of newly developed drugs as well as known drugs