Mutu dan karakteristik penyalaan briket arang tempurung kelapa dengan aplikasi lapisan arang sengon pada permukaannya

A B S T R A C TCoconut shell charcoal briquettes have a better quality than briquettes from other biomass. However, this briquette also has a weakness, namely slow initial ignition. This study aimed to analyze the quality and ignition characteristics of coconut shell charcoal briquettes coated with sengon charcoal on both surfaces. The research materials were coconut shell and sengon wood obtained from Makassar city, South Sulawesi. Firstly, coconut shells and sengon were charcoaled. Coconut shell charcoal and sengon wood were then ground and mixed with 7% and 20% tapioca adhesive, respectively. There were four treatment ratios between coconut shell charcoal (TK) and sengon (S) used in this study, namely (1) TK/S 100/0, (2) TK/S 90/10, (3) TK/S 80 /20, and TK/S/S 0/100. The briquettes that have been made are then dried and conditioned for two weeks. The qualities of the briquettes were tested based on SNI 01-6235-2000, while the initial ignition properties and combustion rate were measured using the modified method of Davies and Abolude (2013). The results showed that the coconut shell charcoal briquettes TK/S 90/10 and 80/20 had a quality that was not significantly different from the uncoated coconut shell charcoal briquettes. In addition, layered charcoal briquettes also have ignition properties similar to sengon charcoal briquettes. Therefore, the application of sengon charcoal as a layer on two surfaces of coconut shell charcoal briquettes with a ratio of TK/S 90/10 can increase the initial ignition properties of the briquettes without significantly reducing the calorific value. Generally, the briquettes fulfilled the standard, namely the moisture content, ash content, and calorific value, except volatile matter.Keywords: coconut shell charcoal briquette; initial ignition properties; layered briquette; sengon briquetteA B S T R A KBriket arang tempurung kelapa memiliki mutu lebih baik dibanding briket dari biomassa lain. Namun di sisi yang lain, briket ini juga memiliki kelemahan pada sifat penyalaan awalnya yang lambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mutu dan sifat penyalaan briket arang tempurung kelapa yang diberi lapisan arang sengon pada bagian permukaannya. Bahan penelitian ini adalah tempurung kelapa dan kayu sengon yang diperoleh dari kota Makassar. Tempurung kelapa dan kayu sengon diarangkan terlebih dahulu. Setelah itu, arang tempurung kelapa dan kayu sengon dihaluskan dan dicampur perekat tapioka masing-masing 7% dan 20%. Ada empat rasio perlakuan antara arang tempurung kelapa (TK) dan sengon (S) yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yakni (1) TK/S 100/0, (2) TK/S 90/10, (3) TK/S 80/20, dan TK/S 0/100. Briket yang telah dicetak dikeringkan dan dikondisikan selama dua pekan. Selanjutnya, mutu briket diuji berdasarkan SNI 01-6235-2000, sedangkan sifat penyalaan awal dan kecepatan pembakaran diukur masing-masing dengan menggunakan metode Davies dan Abolude (2013) yang dimodifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan briket arang tempurung kelapa berlapis, TK/S 90/10 dan 80/20, memiliki mutu tidak berbeda nyata dengan briket arang tempurung kelapa tanpa lapisan. Selain itu, briket arang berlapis juga memiliki sifat penyalaan yang menyamai briket arang sengon. Oleh sebab itu, penerapan arang sengon sebagai lapisan pada briket arang tempurung kelapa dengan rasio TK/S 90/10 mampu memperbaiki sifat penyalaan awal dari briket tanpa mengalami penurunan nilai kalor yang berarti. Secara umum, briket arang yang dibuat memenuhi standar, yakni untuk mutu kadar air, kadar abu, dan nilai kalor, kecuali kadar volatil.Kata kunci: briket arang tempurung kelapa; briket berlapis; briket sengon; sifat penyalaan awa

Peningkatan Kapasitas Meliponikultur dengan Pengayaan Pakan Lebah Madu di Kelurahan Kahu Kecamatan Bontocani Kabupaten Bone

The purpose of this community service program is to provide knowledge about the importance of forests, woody forage plants and enrichment of feed types around meliponiculture farmer groups. The methods used in this activity as part of the mentoring are pre-tests, lectures, video screenings, discussions about knowledge of forest bee hunting, trigona beekeeping and the importance of forests and bee feed. The next activity was the distribution of flowering tree seedlings and visits to the meliponiculture location for farmer groups. The result of this community service activity is that the community in Kahu Village can develop knowledge about the material presented by seeing the enthusiasm and appreciation of the participants or members of the farmer groups who participated in the many questions during the discussion. Receipt of plant and tree seeds that are distributed immediately to the plant and group reception during visits to their meliponiculture area. Awareness of planting various types of vegetation and maintaining forests is an important factor for the stability of colony strength and can even increase the beekeeping productivity of all types of bees in Kahu Village, Bontocani District and its surroundings. Assistance from various parties is needed in order to increase the productivity of honey bee cultivation in Kahu Village, Bontocani District. 

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA PESISIR DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI KABUPATEN PINRANG PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN

PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT DESA PESISIR DALAM PENGEMBANGAN PENDIDIKAN DAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DI KABUPATEN PINRANG PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATA

PELATIHAN BUDIDAYA LEBAH TRIGONA DENGAN TEKNIK BELAH KOLONI DAN PENGENALAN BENTUK STUP DI DESA ROMPEGADING KABUPATEN MAROS

Stingless bees have different local names but are more commonly known as trigona bees. One of the efforts to increase the productivity of trigona bees from their cultivation is colony propagation. The purpose of this community service is to provide training to multiply trigona bee colonies with colony splitting techniques and the introduction of several forms hive of bee. The activity was carried out in the form of a workshop which was attended by two groups of trigona beekeepers. Based on the results of the evaluation through a questionnaire, the training succeeded in increasing the knowledge of participants about the propagation and introduction of the hive form of the trigona bee colony. As a follow-up to this activity, they conducted mentoring activities for trigona beekeeper groups in Rompegading Village, Cenrana District, Maros Regency. Continuous training and mentoring programs will be able to better understand and accelerate independent trigona cultivation groups in managing their meliponiary. Increased income for breeders as direct beneficiaries of meliponiculture

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin Desa Rompegading Kabupaten Maros melalui Pengembangan Meliponikultur

The forest bee farmer group in Rompegading Village still has problems regarding the limitions of hunting for forest bees which are only seasonal, safety and environmental risks and limited knowledge of trigona bee cultivation. With the program offered, the community can start a new business, namely trigona bee cultivation independently. The implementation of this program stars from socializing the introduction and potential of trigona bees, opening/cleaning cultivation/meliponiary areas, making bee houses, making paths to bee houses, planting food/flowers around bee houses, making bee boxes, searching for colonies in nature, installation of meliponiary signage, site fencing and monitoring and evaluation of activities. The activity was carried out for approximately 5 months starting from July to November 2021. The first harvest of 500 ml of trigona honey was sold and became a special satisfaction for member of the partner group. The Trigona Bee Thematic Village Development Program as an Effort for Community Empowerment in Rompegading Village, Maros Regency can be considered to have gone well because all activities carried out are carried out according to the scheduled timeline. It is hoped that from this PHP2D, the community of partner forest farmer groups have skills in trigona bee cultivation by utilizing the potential of the surrounding environment, so this can be the first step for them to start a trigona bee cultivation business so that it is hoped that a thematic village that is independent and caring for the environment will be created

A study of some of the production problems in pressing complex shapes from metal powders

This research was a study of the parameters that affect the production of components made by the compaction of metal powders. The area of study was restricted to four iron powders as follows: Makins 100 P1 (reduced), Mannesmann WPL 200 (atomised), Höganäs SC 100.26 (sponge) and Höganäs ASC 100.29 (atomised). These were used with five solid lubricants made in powder form from the following; zinc, calcium, aluminium, magnesium and sodium stearates. [Continues.

KONSERVASI LEBAH HUTAN MELALUI SOSIALISASI TEKNIK BERBURU DI DESA CENRANA BARU DAN ROMPEGADING KABUPATEN MAROS

Hutan dan lebah hutan memiliki arti penting bagi kehidupan masyarakat terutama yang berdiam di dalam dan di sekitar hutan. Pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini dilaksanakan pada dua desa yaitu Desa Rompegading dan Desa Cenrana Baru. Desa Rompegading merupakan desa yang masuk dalam zona penyangga di dalam dan di sekitar Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK), Hutan Pendidikan Universitas Hasanuddin. Desa Cenrana Baru masuk dalam Kawasan Pengelolaan Hutan (KPH) Bulusaraung. Hasil kuesioner, wawancara, diskusi dan pengamatan langsung tentang kebiasaan berburu dan memanen madu lebah hutan yang menunjukkan teknik berburu yang tidak ramah lingkungan dan memanen madu yang tidak lestari. Pengabdian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk sosialisasi dan workshop untuk memberikan pemahaman konservasi lebah dan hutan dengan tetap mendapatkan manfaat dengan tidak mengabaikan kelestariannya. Setiap tahapan kegiatan telah dilaksanakan dengan baik dan didukung partisipasi masyarakat mitra yang tinggi. Kebiasaan lama berburu dan panen madu hutan yang sudah lama dipraktikkan membutuhkan waktu untuk berubah dan upaya pendampingan

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)