SPARE PARTS INVENTORY OPTIMIZATION FOR AUTO MOBILE SECTOR

In this paper the objective is to determine the optimal allocation of spares for replacement of defective parts on-board of a usage. The minimization of the total supply chain cost can only be achieved when optimization of the base stock level is carried out at each member of the supply chain. A serious issue in the implementation of the same is that the excess stock level and shortage level is not static for every period. This has been achieved by using some forecasting and optimization techniques. Optimal inventory control is one of the significant tasks in supply chain management. The optimal inventory control methodologies intend to reduce the supply chain cost by controlling the inventory in an effective manner, such that, the SC members will not be affected by surplus as well as shortage of inventory. In this paper, we propose an efficient approach that effectively utilizes the Genetic Algorithm for optimal inventory control. This paper reports a method based on genetic algorithm to optimize inventory in supply chain management. We focus specifically on determining the most probable excess stock level and shortage level required for inventory optimization in the supply chain so that the total supply chain cost is minimized . So, the overall aim of this paper is to find out the healthy stock level by means of that safety stock is maintained throughout the service period. Keywords: genetic algorithm, optimization, Inventor

Designing of Flexible Multi-Microcontroller Based Training System

In traditional Embedded Control Technology courses, students learn to develop assembly language programs to control peripherals, handle interrupts, and perform I/O operations. However, students find the subject is difficult as the subject is presented in a lecture format. Unfortunately, this Embedded Controller Technology (ECT) course is a compulsory course in any electrical or electronic field of engineering. This paper aims to describe development of a flexible multi-microcontroller training system based on 8-bit microcontroller in Microchip, Freescale (formerly Motorola) and Intel family. For this reason, a new laboratory evaluation tool (UMP-EVT) specifically will be designed to be as a learning tool for those who intend to learn microcontroller and for use in the academic environment. With an extensive of this training system, it could let the user to get start with their microcontroller application efficiently. In addition, it is further boosted by the introduction of Integrated Development Environment (IDE) features in order to create user-friendly environment. By using this UMP-EVT, users are exposed to practical experience of the microcontroller and provide an easy path to learn this intelligent electronic device in short time. In this respect, this UMP-EVT would be applicable for education and expose the electrical engineering students to the understanding fundamental of microcontroller in electronic design field

An advanced delay-dependent approach of impulsive genetic regulatory networks besides the distributed delays, parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays

In this typescript, we concerned the problem of delay-dependent approach of impulsive genetic regulatory networks besides the distributed delays, parameter uncertainties and time-varying delays. An advanced Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional are defined, which is in triple integral form. Combining the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional with convex combination method and free-weighting matrix approach the stability conditions are derived with the help of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). Some available software collections are used to solve the conditions. Lastly, two numerical examples and their simulations are conferred to indicate the feasibility of the theoretical concepts

Efficient and Secured Swarm Pattern Multi-UAV Communication

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) or drone, is an evolving technology in today's market with an enormous number of applications. Mini UAVs are developed in order to compensate the performance constraints imposed by larger UAVs during emergency situations. Multiple mini autonomous UAVs require communication and coordination for ubiquitous coverage and relaying during deployment. Multi-UAV coordination or swarm optimization is required for reliable connectivity among UAVs, due to its high mobility and dynamic topology. In this paper, a Secured UAV (S-UAV) model is proposed which takes the location of the UAVs as inputs to form a Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) among multiple drones with the help of a centralized controller. After WMN formation, efficient communication takes place using A∗ search, an intelligent algorithm that finds the shortest communication path among UAVs. Further, the S-UAV model utilizes cryptographic techniques such as Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and Blowfish to overcome the security attacks efficiently. Simulation results show that the S-UAV model offers higher throughput, reduced power consumption and guaranteed message transmission with reduced encryption and decryption time

Evaluation of standardisation parameters, pharmacognostic study, preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antidiabetic activity of Coccinia indica fruits as per WHO guidelines

Coccinia indica an annual creeper is available all over India and well known for its antidiabetic property. In the present investigation, aqueous extract, and ethanolic extract of the fruits were made using hot extraction procedure using soxhlet apparatus, decoction and maceration. The qualitative phyto-chemical screening procedure was performed on each extract. Phyto-chemical study reveals that carbohydrates, tannins, phenols, alkaloids, saponins was present in both the extracts. An attempt has been made to highlight this folk herbal medicine through present study which will assist in the identification of fresh as well as dried crude samples of fruits anatomically and physiochemically. TLC finger printing and fluorescence analysis of powdered fruits has been conducted and reported .The antidiabetic activity is conducted by enzyme inhibition (α-glycosidase) in invitro method on each extract and ethanolic extract showed significant inhibitio

IP-10 response to RD1 antigens might be a useful biomarker for monitoring tuberculosis therapy

Background There is an urgent need of prognosis markers for tuberculosis (TB) to improve treatment strategies. The results of several studies show that the Interferon (IFN)-γ-specific response to the TB antigens of the QuantiFERON TB Gold (QFT-IT antigens) decreases after successful TB therapy. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there are factors other than IFN-γ [such as IFN-γ inducible protein (IP)-10 which has also been associated with TB] in response to QFT-IT antigens that can be used as biomarkers for monitoring TB treatment. Methods In this exploratory study we assessed the changes in IP-10 secretion in response to QFT-IT antigens and RD1 peptides selected by computational analysis in 17 patients with active TB at the time of diagnosis and after 6 months of treatment. The IFN-γ response to QFT-IT antigens and RD1 selected peptides was evaluated as a control. A non-parametric Wilcoxon signed-rank test for paired comparisons was used to compare the continuous variables at the time of diagnosis and at therapy completion. A Chi-square test was used to compare proportions. Results We did not observe significant IP-10 changes in whole blood from either NIL or QFT-IT antigen tubes, after 1-day stimulation, between baseline and therapy completion (p = 0.08 and p = 0.7 respectively). Conversely, the level of IP-10 release to RD1 selected peptides was significantly different (p = 0.006). Similar results were obtained when we detected the IFN-γ in response to the QFT-IT antigens (p = 0.06) and RD1 selected peptides (p = 0.0003). The proportion of the IP-10 responders to the QFT-IT antigens did not significantly change between baseline and therapy completion (p = 0.6), whereas it significantly changed in response to RD1 selected peptides (p = 0.002). The proportion of IFN-γ responders between baseline and therapy completion was not significant for QFT-IT antigens (p = 0.2), whereas it was significant for the RD1 selected peptides (p = 0.002), confirming previous observations. Conclusions Our preliminary study provides an interesting hypothesis: IP-10 response to RD1 selected peptides (similar to IFN-γ) might be a useful biomarker for monitoring therapy efficacy in patients with active TB. However, further studies in larger cohorts are needed to confirm the consistency of these study results

Design of multiple microcontrollers platform for use in academic environment

Embedded systems have an everyday presence and direct impact in every day’s lives. Therefore, learning institutions are continuously improving their courses in microcontroller and embedded system programming. Although the diversity of curriculums, the availability of learning tools, where the student can practice and improve their skills, is a key factor to the success of the learning process. The platform developed and presented in this thesis results from author’s experience in teaching and learning embedded systems. From the analysis of teaching and learning needs, a learning environment based on the Freescale HC11, MCS51, and Microchip PIC 18 Series families was designed, which led to the Multiple Microcontrollers Evaluation Tool (MicroEVAT). This tool can be expanded by modules and adjusted at a specific time to student's real needs. All modules can be interconnected by an IDE bus, allowing expanding the capabilities of the platform. Series of test-run are conducted to verify MicroEVAT system performance. The developed modules allow the practice of subjects related with digital Input and Output interface, analogue interface, user interface, wireless communications, and energy management and conservation. The hardware, software and system architecture used to develop the MicroEVAT are described in detailed in this thesis. In this respect, the MicroEVAT were applicable for education and expose the electrical engineering students to the understanding of microcontroller in electronic design field and embedded systems. The work done for this research project gives solid bases and chances for fast evolution in embedded control technology research

APPLICATIVE ELASTO-PLASTIC SELF CONSISTENCY MODEL INCORPORATING ESHELBY’S INCLUSION THEORY TO ANALYZE THE DEFORMATION IN HCP MATERIALS CONSISTING MULTIPLE DEFORMATION MODES

HCP materials are exceedingly being used as alloys and composites in several high strength light weight applications such as aerospace and aeronautical structures, deep sea maritime applications, and as biocompatible materials. To understand the deformation of HCP materials, reliable tools and techniques are required. One such technique is the Elasto-Plastic Self Consistency (EPSC) model. ESPC models use Eshelby’s Inclusion Theory as their basic formulation to model the strain experienced by a grain within a strained material sample. One of the oldest approximations (or models) used to model the grain’s strain within a strained sample is the Taylor’s Assumption (TA). TA assumes that each grain is strained to the same average value. EPSC models are different from the TA model since each grain modelled by the EPSC model would be strained to a different value. This is possible and obtained by solving an infinite domain boundary value problem. This key advantage of the EPSC model can therefore predict localized weak spots within material samples.EPSC models use the concept of eigen strain where the inhomogeneous grain is replaced with an equivalent inclusion. The technique proposed in this research is used to simulate uniaxial tension of rolled textured Magnesium. The number of deformation modes used in this research is seven. Both slipping systems and twinning systems are included in the simulation. The hardening phenomenon is described as a function of self-hardening as well as latent-hardening. As stated in (S. Kweon, 2020), modelling the interactive hardening requires a more robust numerical iterative technique. An improved robust iterative numerical technique is explained in (Daniel Raja, 2021) and (Soondo Kweon D. S., 2021). This research implements the equivalent inclusion theory in combination with the numerical iterative technique developed in the aforementioned papers.The report begins with the need for this research and advocates for the same. Then, the conceptional theories and the imaginary thought experiment performed by John D. Eshelby is presented. The concept of “Eigen Strain” which serves as the base work needed to understand and formulate the Equivalent Inclusion Theory is described in detail. The Equivalent Inclusion is then presented and developed. The concept of Green’s Function is presented and explained. These concepts serve as the building block for the derivation and calculation of the Eshelby Tensor which relates the concepts of eigen strain and constrained strain. The report concludes the theory section with the amalgamation of the ideas of the Green’s Function and Eigen Strain to develop the Eshelby Tensor for an Isotropic material as well as Anisotropic materials. In the following section, the unit cell accompanied with the deformation modes within the unit cell of an HCP material that are used in these simulations are presented. Following unit cell model, the crystal plasticity model which includes plastic deformation, hardening laws, and elastic deformation is elaborated. The results obtained from the simulation are presented and salient features are highlighted that are observed in the results. Lastly, the report concludes by pointing out key “take aways” from this research and identifies possible avenues for future research.Additionally, ten appendices are included towards the end of this report to enhance understanding of complicated derivations and solutions. Lastly, the author’s vita is included at the end of the report

Dependence of Initial Grain Orientation on the Evolution of Anisotropy in FCC and BCC Metals Using Crystal Plasticity and Texture Analysis

Abundant experimental analyses and theoretical computational analyses that had been performed on metals to understand anisotropy and its evolution and its dependence on initial orientation of grains have failed to provide theories that can be used in macro-scale plasticity. Ductile metals fracture after going through a large amount of plastic deformation, during which the anisotropy of the material changes significantly. Processed metal sheets or slabs possess anisotropy due to textures produced by metal forming processes (such as drawing, bending and press braking). Metals that were initially isotropic possess anisotropy after undergoing forming processes, i.e., through texture formation due to large amount of plastic deformation before fracture. It is therefore essential to consider the effect of anisotropy to predict the characteristics of fracture and plastic flow performances in the simulation of ductile fracture and plastic flow of materials. Crystal plasticity simulations carried out on grains at the meso-scale level with different initial orientations (ensembles) help to derive the evolution of anisotropy at the macro-scale level and its dependence on initial orientation of grains. This paper investigates the evolution of anisotropy in BCC and FCC metals and its dependence on grain orientation using crystal plasticity simulations and texture analysis to reveal the mechanics behind the evolution of anisotropy. A comparison of anisotropy evolution between BCC and FCC metals is made through the simulation, which can be used to propose the theory of anisotropy evolution in macro-scale plasticity. Keywords: ensembles; grains; initial orientation; anisotropy; evolution of anisotropy; crystal plasticity; textures; homogeneity; isotropy; inelastic; equivalent strai