Optimization of hydrothermal-assisted alkali process for enhanced xylan recovery from banana fiber biomass

Banana fiber is a rich lignocellulosic biomass source that has not been widely explored. The hemicellulose components (15 - 20 %) of banana fiber can be a feedstock for producing high-value commodity chemicals. Hemicellulose is extracted by physical, chemical, and biological methods, in which combining hydrothermal treatment with alkaline mode of extraction provides an enhanced recovery percentage. Thus, the present study aimed to optimize the hydrothermal-assisted alkaline method of xylan extraction from the banana fiber biomass. Initially, xylan was extracted with a conventional-based alkali method. A maximum of about 43 and 35 % was recovered from pretreated and raw banana fiber at 12% NaOH concentration when incubated at 55 °C for 24 h. To improve the xylan yield, the hydrothermal assisted alkali method experimented in which 67.1% and 58.3 % of xylan were recovered when treated at 121 °C for 1 h at 12% NaOH. To further enhance the xylan recovery, a two-step alkali process by combining conventional and hydrothermal-assisted alkali methods resulted in the highest xylan (81%) recovery from pretreated banana fiber when incubated with 12 % alkali for 8 h followed by steam treatment. On the other hand, a maximum of 73 % of xylan was recovered when steam treated after incubation for 24 h from raw banana fiber. Thus, the alkali incubation followed by steam treatment significantly showed the highest xylan recovery from the banana fiber biomass. The extracted xylan might be utilized as a source for various xylan-based products, including furfural, xylooligosaccharides, xylose, and xylitol, all of which have significant roles in the pharmaceutical and food industries

Antimoth finishing treatment for woollens using tannin containing natural dyes

Attempts have been made to develop natural dye based antimoth finishing process using natural dyes as an alternative of  chemical based process. Natural dyes obtained from different sources are used to dye the woollen fabric and then screened for antimoth efficacy. Woollen fabrics dyed with extract of silver oak leaves, wall nut husk and pomegranate rind have shown highest resistance to moth attack. The screened sources carrying antimoth property are then subjected to phytochemical analysis along with non-carrying natural dyes for analyzing their chemical constituents. The result reveals that the chemical constituent of natural dyes plays a crucial role in determining antimoth efficacy. The amount of tannin content present in the natural dyes can be taken as an indicator to determine the antimoth efficacy

Manufacturing of blanket (Kambali) by traditional methods using Coimbatore sheep wool at Kalangal Village

79-82Since ancient time, the manufacturing of textile goods has been carried out in India using indigenously produced natural fibres, i.e. wool, silk, ramie, etc. by rural artisans. Although, the techniques used in manufacturing such goods are labour intensive, which makes products costly. These processes are eco-friendly and provide large employment to rural artisans. Apart from this, the products possess good hand and have much acceptance among users. Among the various textile products produced using traditional knowledge, manufacturing of blanket using indigenous traditional knowledge of yarn spinning and blanket weaving from Coimbatore wool is one of the products, which is unique in construction and performance. In the paper, detailed information on availability of wool, its quality, processing technique, conversion of wool fibre into yarn, then yarn to blanket

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Not AvailableWool/cotton union fabric was dyed with a direct dye in union shade. The dyeing was performed in a single bath in relation to four factors: leveling agent (Lyogen SMKI, 0-1.5 % oww), electrolyte (sodium sulfate, 0-10 %), dyeing temperature (85-95 oC), and dyeing time (15-60 min). The dyeing was characterized by dye bath exhaustion (%), color strength (K/S val-ue), washing fastness, and light fastness of dyed sample. Response surface analysis showed that the exhaustion of direct dye increased with electrolyte, dyeing temperature, and dyeing time while the K/S value followed a linear shape with lev-eling agent and dyeing temperature. An optimized recipe was formulated based on response surface strategy and numeri-cal optimization solution.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableAngora rabbit hair was mixed with Bharat Merino wool in three different proportions viz. 28:72, 40:60 and 60:40, at the carding stage using modified cotton card. The blends were then processed to prepare yarn using semi worsted spinning system. During spinning, it was observed that rabbit hair could be blended up to 60% without any difficulties. The developed yarns were used to produce shawl fabric using powerloom, followed by dyeing with reactive dye and finishing with cationic softener. The performance of the shawls showed that softness and thermal insulation of the shawls was increased with the increase in the proportion of Angora rabbit hair from 28 to 60%. The abrasion loss was also less when the rabbit hair proportion was increased in the shawls.Not Availabl

Eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabric with tender green coconut soft husk

225-231Tender coconut husk, a waste after consuming the coconut water, has been explored as a dye for the colouration of cotton fabric. It is abundant in polyphenolic compounds which are the main coloring agent. The aqueous extraction method is used for obtaining the dye. Different mordanting techniques, such as pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post mordanting, are used to dye cotton fabric. Tannic acid and alum are used as primary mordants, and ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate are used as secondary mordants. A range of shades is obtained by varying mordants and different mordanting methods. Overall fastness properties of these shades are found good. Dyed fabrics are also found to have an excellent UV protection property

Eco-friendly dyeing of cotton fabric with tender green coconut soft husk

227-233Tender coconut husk, a waste after consuming the coconut water, has been explored as a dye for the colouration of cotton fabric. It is abundant in polyphenolic compounds which are the main coloring agent. The aqueous extraction method is used for obtaining the dye. Different mordanting techniques, such as pre-mordanting, simultaneous mordanting and post mordanting, are used to dye cotton fabric. Tannic acid and alum are used as primary mordants, and ferrous sulphate and copper sulphate are used as secondary mordants. A range of shades is obtained by varying mordants and different mordanting methods. Overall fastness properties of these shades are found good. Dyed fabrics are also found to have an excellent UV protection property

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Not AvailableThe present investigation deals with studies on potentiality of a colour extract from Gerardiana diversifolia as a source of natural dye, and on identification of chemical constituents responsible for dyeing ability. The efficacy of the extracted dye(s) on pashima (Cashmere) fabrics has been evaluated for colour strength and fastness properties. The extracted coorant from Gerardiana diversifolia has potential to dye pashmina fabric with brown and grey shades having excellent wash and good to very good light fastness properties.Not Availabl