Assessment of bacteria and SPM in the indoor air of households of urban area of Jammu (J&K), India

The present study was conducted to assess status of bacteria (Gram +ve and Gram –ve) in the indoor air of Households located in Jammu city. The study area was divided into eight Sites. At each site two Households were selected randomly and in each Household sampling of SPM (?g/m3) and bacteria (CFU/m3) was done twice at three sub sites. Total bacterial count and SPM was found to be maximum (9308.24 CFU/m3and1006.12 ?g/m3 respectively) in Households near Water Body and total bacterial count and SPM was minimum (5251.00 CFU/m3and 659.09?g/m3respectively) in Households near Hospital. A significant positive correlation (r) was found between SPM and no. of Gram +ve (+0.18 to +0.78) as well as between SPM and no. of Gram –ve (+0.21 to +0.76) bacteria in the study area

An observational study of effect of Mullerian anomalies on pregnancy

Background: Mullerian anomalies occur in approximately 3-4% of fertile and infertile women, 5–10% of women with recurrent early pregnancy loss, and up to 25% of women with late first or second-trimester pregnancy loss or preterm delivery. However, due to low prevalence rate and asymptomatic course of the anomalies, Mullerian anomalies remain underdiagnosed and often overlooked as a possible cause of recurrent pregnancy failures, preterm deliveries, IUGR and low birth weight.Methods: Total of 30 cases of Mullerian anomalies with pregnancy, prior diagnosed or incidental during LSCS, were studied for complications during pregnancy, history of gynecological complaints and rate of diagnosis with routine imaging technique.Results: Septate uterus was the most common anomaly seen in this study (36.6%).56.6% were diagnosed incidentally during LSCS despite the fact 26.6% of cases had history of 2 or more abortions and 30% had some or other gynecological complaints previously. 10% of pregnancies ended in abortions, 20% had preterm delivery, 36.6% had malpresentations and there was case of rupture uterus (03.3%).Conclusions: Mullerian anomalies are often asymptomatic or have subtle gynecological symptoms which are often missed by both patient and gynecologists. It is observed that due to the asymptomatic course of Mullerian anomalies, invasive nature of HSG and lack of 1.5 Tesla MRI at many institutes leads to low rate of diagnosis of Mullerian anomalies. Pregnancy with Mullerian anomalies often have preterm delivery, IUGR and malpresentation, so, require proper counselling and close monitoring during antenatal period

Overview Of In-Situ Gelling System For Diabetic Wound

The "in situ gel" system has become one of the best innovative drug delivery methods; thanks to its unique property of "Sol to Gel" transition, it aids in the prolonged and regulated release of the pharmaceuticals. An in situ gelling system is a formulation that, before entering the body, is in solution form but transforms into a gel under different physiological circumstances. Different polymers can potentially be utilized for different drug administration routes and go through in situ gel formation. In situ gelling systems have a variety of uses and benefits in modern society. The introduction to in situ gel, its mechanism, the numerous polymers utilized, and its applications are the primary topics of this paper. Through a challenging biological process known as wound healing, damaged tissues are rebuilt and skin integrity is recovered. Insulin, a crucial component in wound healing, has been proven in numerous studies to speed up the healing of a variety of wounds in both people and animals. Despite the fact that several research have looked at how systemic insulin can treat burn wounds, relatively few have looked at how well topical insulin works. Therefore, the objective of this study was to review the information on the effects of topical insulin on both diabetic and non-diabetic wound healing. Topical insulin improves quicker wound healing through a variety of mechanisms without causing any harmful side effects, according to published animal and clinical experiments. Additionally, a number of wound dressings that deliver bioactive insulin gradually and regularly hasten the healing process. Therefore, topical insulin has been valued in the field of wound healing, and additional research is required to better understand the role of insulin in the healing of different types of wound

Sudden bradycardia and impending cardiac arrest by intra-myometrial vasopressin in laparoscopic myomectomy: a case report and review of literature

Vasopressin has long been used in myomectomy to decrease blood loss. Its efficacy is beyond doubt. But at the same time it is known to cause some of the serious cardiovascular side effects. We here report a case of severe bradycardia and impending cardiac arrest caused by intra-myometrial infiltration of 12 U of vasopressin and present a review of literature

Design, development and in vitro characterization of Pioglitazone loaded mucoadhesive buccal devices

Aim: The mucoadhesive buccal patches were developed and evaluated for systemic administration of Pioglitazone in the oral cavity. Pioglitazone belongs to a novel class of oral antidiabetic drugs known as Thiazolidinediones. Materials and Methods: The mucoadhesive buccal patches of Pioglitazone was formulated using Eudragit RS100 and HPMC K4M (mucoadhesive polymer) and were prepared by solvent casting method. Different patch formulations were evaluated for its physical parameters like thickness uniformity, swelling index, surface pH, uniformity of weight, folding endurance, mucoadhesive strength and in vitro parameters like drug content uniformity and drug release studies, and ex vivo parameters like mucoadhesion time. Results: Data for the parameters was found to be: thickness uniformity (0.27±0.45mm); uniformity of weight (40.81±0.66 mg), surface pH (6.5), folding endurance (>300), drug content uniformity (98.58±2.05%), swelling index (131±0.79%), mucoadhesive strength (38.20±1.75), in vitro drug release studies (95.18±1.98%) and ex vivo mucoadhesion, time of optimized formulation (4±1.26 h). The data was also fitted to different kinetic models to illustrate its anomalous (non-fickian) diffusion. Conclusions: The result revealed that Pioglitazone loaded buccal patches was most suitable mode of drug delivery for promising therapeutic action. Buccal patches of Pioglitazone can prove to be potential pharmaceutical dosage form for sustaining the drug release and reducing the dose frequency.Objetivo: Los parches de mucoadherente bucal fueron desarrollados y evaluados por la administración sistémica de la pioglitazona en la cavidad oral. Pioglitazona pertenece a una clase nueva de medicamentos antidiabéticos orales conocida como tiazolidindionas. Material y Método: los parches mucoadherente bucal de pioglitazona fue formulado con Eudragit RS100 y HPMC K4M (polímero mucoadherentes) y fueron elaboradas por el método de fundición solvente. Se evaluaron diferentes formulaciones de parches mediante parámetros físicos como uniformidad de espesor, índice de hinchazón, pH de la superficie, uniformidad de peso, resistencia al plegado, fuerza mucoadherentes y parámetros in vitro como uniformidad de contenido del fármaco y estudios de liberación y estudios ex vivo del tiempo de mucoadhesión del fármaco. Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos para los parámetros estudiados fueron: uniformidad de espesor, 0.27±0.45 mm; uniformidad de peso, 40.81±0.66 mg; pH superficial, 6.5; resistencia al plegado, > 300. Los ensayos in vitro dieron los siguientes resultados: uniformidad de contenido del fármaco, 98.58±2.05%; índice de hinchazón, 131±0.79%; fuerza mucoadherente, 38.20±1.75; y tiempo de liberación del farmaco (95.18±1.98%) y el ensayo ex vivo del tiempo de mucoadhesión del fármaco fue de 4±1.26 h. Los datos también se ajustaron a distintos modelos cinéticos para ilustrar su difusión anómala (no Fickian). Conclusiones: El resultado reveló que los parches bucales de pioglitazona fue el modo más adecuado de fármacos de acción terapéutica prometedora. Los Parches bucales de pioglitazona pueden resultar una potencial forma de dosificación farmacéutica para sostener la liberación del fármaco y reducir la frecuencia de la dosis.The authors are thankful to Panacia Biotec, Baddi (H.P.) India for providing the Pioglitazone as a gift sample. We are also thankful to the Board of Trustees, Bharat Institute of Technology, Meerut, India for providing necessary facilities to carry out this research work

Relationship between grey scale sonographic grades of fatty liver and shear wave elastographic values: an observational study

Background: Due to the growing public health menace of metabolic syndrome, the Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has been recording a burgeoning global rise. The prognosis of NAFLD is largely depends upon its histological stage. Simple steatosis has a fairer prognosis, while Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) has a poorer prognosis with tendency to progression into fibrosis and end stage liver disease. Until now, the diagnosis of varying grades of NAFLD has been dependent upon liver biopsy, which is indisputably the most reliable tool to distinguish between simple steatosis, steatohepatitis, and end stage liver disease. The sonographic grading of NAFLD is primarily based on subjective findings, the results of which may vary between different observers. Hence, there is a need to identify a reliable non-invasive objective substitute. To compare the sonographic grades of fatty liver on gray scale with liver stiffness (Kpa) values of shear wave elastography. Also, an attempt to establish objective criteria for grading of fatty liver with improved accuracy and increased specificity.Methods: Cross sectional, observational study comprising of 240 adults referred for routine abdominal sonography. All patient underwent gray scale sonography and shear wave elastography and results were analysed.Results: A significant positive correlation was found between various grades of NAFLD as assessed subjectively on grey scale sonography to the liver stiffness in kilopascal (Kpa) using shear wave elastography.Conclusions: Shear wave elastography being an objective imaging tool is a reliable modality compared to grey scale sonography in diagnosis of NAFLD and has the capacity to carry out quantitative evaluation of liver parenchyma in vivo

The Effect of Phototherapy on Various Biochemical Parameters in Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia

Phototherapy (PT) is the current modality of choice for treatment of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. The effects of PT onvarious biochemical parameters including serum calcium, bilirubin profile, serum total protein, albumin, urea, creatinine,serum electrolytes in neonates are a concern in current times. Like any other treatment, PT also has its own side effects.This hospital-based, prospective, comparative observational study was conducted with the objective to assess the level ofvarious biochemical parameters like serum calcium, serum sodium, serum potassium, serum chloride, serum urea and serumcreatinine, serum total protein and serum albumin in addition to serum bilirubin before PT and after completion of 48 hoursof PT in full-term neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia at a tertiary care center. On comparing biochemicalparameters, a statistically significant difference in parameters such as bilirubin, urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride,calcium, total protein and albumin was observed after PT. On the other hand, there was a statistically nonsignificant differencein corrected calcium (p = 0.945)

Gene Master Regulators of Papillary and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancers

We hypothesize that distinct cell phenotypes are governed by different sets of gene master regulators (GMRs) whose strongly protected (by the homeostatic mechanisms) abundance modulates most cell processes by coordinating the expression of numerous genes from the corresponding functional pathways. Gene Commanding Height (GCH), a composite measure of gene expression control and coordination, is introduced to establish the gene hierarchy in each phenotype. If the hypothesis is true, than one can selectively destroy cancer nodules from a heterogeneous tissue by altering the expression of genes whose GCHs are high in cancer but low in normal cell phenotype. Here, we test the hypothesis and show its utility for the thyroid cancer (TC) gene therapy. First, we prove that malignant and cancer free surrounding areas of a surgically removed papillary TC (PTC) tumor are governed by different GMRs. Second, we show that stable transfection of a gene induces larger transcriptomic alterations in the cells where it has higher GCH than in other cells. For this, we profiled the transcriptomes of the papillary BCPAP and anaplastic 8505C TC cell lines before and after stable transfection with NEMP1, DDX19B, PANK2 or UBALD1. The four genes were selected to have similar expression levels but significantly different GCH scores in the two cell lines before transfection. Indeed, each of the four genes triggered larger alterations in the cells where they had larger GCH. Our results prove the feasibility of a personalized gene therapy approach that selectively targets the cancer cells from a tissue