The Relationship between Time Management, Self-efficacy and Entrepreneurship among Students

Manpower is nowadays addressed as an infinite resource and the drive of any development. Meanwhile, entrepreneurs, in particular, play a significant role in the economic development process. The present study aims at investigating the relationship between time management, self-efficacy and entrepreneurship among Technical School students. The population under study is comprised of all the students majoring in the Female School of Technical Arts in Ramsar in the academic year 2011 – 2012. 150 of which were selected through cluster random sampling as the research sample. The participants responded to the Time Management, general Self-efficacy and Entrepreneurial questionnaires enjoying the validity of 86%, 6/80% and 90%, respectively. The obtained data were analyzed employing multivariate regression analysis and Pearson correlation coefficient. The findings indicated a positive significant relationship between time management, self-efficacy and entrepreneurship among students (p<0.01). Time management and self-efficacy could explain 8% of the variance occurred in entrepreneurship

Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses in women with breast cancer

Background: Unsupportive responses from relatives and spouses play a significant role in the psychological adjustment of breast cancer patients and their spouses, about whom little is known about them and their unsupportive responses predictors. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of perceived spouse unsupportive behaviours in women with breast cancer and their spouses. Material and methods: This is a cross-sectional study, in which 220 couples, including women with breast cancer and their spouses, participated in random samples in chemotherapy and cancer hospitals in Iran in 2020. In the present study, data was collected using a demographic checklist and the Unsupportive Partner Behaviour scale. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, ANOVA, independent t-Test, Hochberg post-hoc test and Chi-square test were used for group comparison. Univariate and multivariate linear regression methods were also used to assess the effect size. Results: Predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours in women were: number of children (p = 0.047), life with relatives (p = 0.051), residence in suburbs (p = 0.006), marital status (p = 0.001), education and occupation of the spouse (p = 0.026), going to the hospital alone (p = 0.001), type of treatment received (p = 0.242), duration of diagnosis (p = 0.018) and type of residence (p = 0.051). Moreover, predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours in men included: education and occupation of men (p = 0.035) and women (p = 0.050), type of treatment received (p = 0.050), employment of women (p = 0.030) and men (p = 0.009), residence in suburbs (p = 0.014), marital status (p = 0.019) and going to the hospital alone (p = 0.006). Conclusions: The variety of socio-economic, demographic and therapeutic factors were shown to be predictors of perceived unsupportive behaviours by spouses with breast cancer that can be modified by healthcare professionals in order to increase a couple’s mutual support

Screening for Depression In Hospitalized Pediatric Patients

How to Cite This Article: Esmaeeli M, Erfani Sayar R, Saghebi A, Elmi Saghi, Rahmani Sh, Elmi S, Rabbani Javadi A. Screening for Depression in Hospitalized Pediatric Patients. Iran J Child Neurol. 2014 Winter; 8(1):47-51. ObjectiveIn chronically ill children who are hospitalized, many mood changes occur. For example, in children with cancer or renal failure, prolonged hospitalization and chemotherapy can lead to depression. With the improved survival of childhoodmalignancies, the effect of treatment on child’s psychosocial well-being becomes increasingly relevant. In this study, we examined the prevalence of depression in hospitalized children with chronic and acute conditions in Dr Sheikh Pediatrics Hospital in Mashhad.Materials & MethodsAfter receiving the approval from the Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, we did this cross-sectional descriptive study, from April to June 2012 in Dr Sheikh Pediatric Hospital in Mashhad. Ninety children, aged between 8 to 16 years, were screened for depression. The sampling method was census. Children with a history of depressive or other mental disorders were excluded.Three groups of children (children with chronic renal disease, malignancy, and acute disease) were evaluated for depression using standard Children Depression Inventory Questionnaire (CDI). Two specifically trained nurses with the supervisionof a psychiatrist filled out the questionnaires at patients’ bedside. Depression scores were then analyzed by SPSS software.ResultsOf 90 children, 43(47.7%) were male and 47(52.2%) were female. The Children’s mean age was 11±2.3 years, and the mean length of hospitalization was 8±5.3 days.Depression was detected in various degrees in 63% of patients (N=57), and 36.6% of children (N=32) had no symptoms of depression. Severe depression was not seenin any of the patients with acute illness. More than half of patients with cancer and chronic kidney disease had moderate to severe depression.There was a significant statistical relationship between the duration of illness and severity of depression. There was also a significant correlation between severity of depression and frequency of hospitalization. Children who had been hospitalized more than 3 times in the last year, experienced more severe levels of depression. We also found a significant correlation between pubertal age and severity of depressionin patients with cancers and chronic renal failure.ConclusionChildren who are hospitalized due to chronic conditions are at a higher risk for mood disorders in comparison with the ones with acute conditions. It is therefore advisable to consider more practical plans to improve the care for hospitalizedchildren’s mental health.ReferencesKessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, Jin R, Merikangas KR, Walters EE. Lifetime prevalence and age-ofonset distributions of dsm-iv disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2005;62(6):593-602.Rutter M. Relationship between mental disorders in children and adulthood. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1995;91(2):73-85.Naerde A, Tambs K, Mathiesen KS Dalgard OS. Symptoms of anxiety and depression among mothers of pre-school children: effect of chronic strain related to children and child care-taking. J affect Discord 2000;58(3):181-99Ernest J, Weissflog G, Brahler E, Romer G, Götze H. Depression in children of cancer patients over time and dependence of parental distress. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2012;61(6):432-46.Gordijn MS, van Listenburg RR, Gemke RJ, Huisman J. Sleep, fatigue, depression, and quality of life in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60(3):479-85.De Sousa A. Psychiatric issues in renal failure and dialysis. Indian J Nephrol 2008;18(2):47-50Bakr A, Amr M, Sarhan A, Hammad A. Psychiatric disorders in children with chronic renal failure. Pediatr Nephrol 2007;22(1):128-31.Goldstein SL, Rosburg NM, Warady BA, Seikaly M, McDonald R, Limbers C, et al. Pediatric end stage renal disease health-related quality of life differs by modality: a PedsQL ESRD analysis. Pediatr Nephrol 2009;24(8):1553-60.Thomalla G, Barkmann C, Romer G. Psychosocial symptoms in children of hemodialysis patients. Prax Kinderpsychol Kinderpsychiatr 2005;54(5):399-416.Laffond C, Dellatolas G, Alapetite C, Puget S, Grill J, Habrand JL, et al. Quality of life, mood and executive functioning after childhood craniopharyngioma treated with surgery and proton beam therapy. Brain Inj 2012;26(3):270-81.Chung TK, Lynch ER, Fiser CJ, Nelson DA, Agricola K, Tudor C, et al. Psychiatric coomorbidity and treatment response in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2011;23(4):263-9.Kinahan KE, Sharp LK, Seidel K, Leisenring W, Didwania A, Lacouture ME, et al. Scarring, disfigurement, and quality of life in long-term survivors of childhood cancer: a report from the Childhood Cancer Survivor study. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(20):2466-74.Adduci A, Jankovic M, Strazzer S, Massimino M, Clerici C, Poggi G. Parent-child communication and psychological adjustment in children with a brain tumor. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012;59(2):290-4Szabo A, Mezei G, Kovari E, Cserhati E. Depressive symptoms amongst asthmatic children caregivers. Peditr Allergy Immunol 2012;21(4 Pt 2):e667-73.Arabiat DH, Elliot B, Draper P. The prevalence of depression in pediatric oncology patients undergoing chemotherapy treatment in Jordan. Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2012;29(5):283-8.Li HC, Williams PD, Lopez V, Chung JO. Relationships among therapy-related symptoms, depressive symptoms, and quality of life in Chinese children hospitalized with cancer: an exploratory study. Cancer Nurs 2013;36(5):346-54

Diagnostic Accuracy of Ultrasound in Detection of Traumatic Lens Dislocation

Introduction: Traumatic eye injuries (TEI) involved about 3% of cases referred to the emergency departments of developing countries. Lens dislocation is one of the critical cases of ophthalmic emergencies. The present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of traumatic lens dislocation. Methods: In this cross-sectional study the findings of ultrasonography and orbital computed tomography (OCT) of head and face trauma patients, referred to Imam Reza hospital, Tabriz, Iran, from July 2013 to June 2014, have been compared. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratio, positive and negative predictive value, and accuracy of ultrasonography were calculated. Cohen's kappa coefficient was presented to assess the agreement of ultrasonography with OCT findings. Results: One hundred thirty patients with the mean age of 35.4±18.0 were evaluated (75.4% male). Sensitivity and specificity of ultrasonography were 84.6% (95% Cl: 53.7-97.3) and 98.3% (95% Cl: 93.3- 99.7), respectively. Also, positive and negative likelihood ratio were calculated 49.5 (95% Cl: 12.3-199.4) and 0.15 (95% Cl: 0.04- 0.56), respectively. Cohen's kappa coefficient of 0.83 (95% Cl: 0.66-1.0; p<0.0001) was representative of excellent agreement of these two tests. Conclusion: The finding of this project was representative of 84.6% sensitivity, 98.3% specificity, and 96.9% accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of traumatic lens dislocation. It seems that in cases which OCT is not possible, ultrasonography could be an acceptable option to assess traumatic eye injuries

Factors affecting false calls to prehospital Emergency medical services and analyzing The recorded false calls in the dispatch center

INTRODUCTION: False calls to the prehospital emergency medical service (EMS) can divert EMS concentration from people with life-threatening conditions to a false situation and also affect the lives of the at-risk people.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study, was conducted in 2019. The population consisted of 28 Dispatchers personnel and 130 emergency medical technicians located in 24 urban bases, and the recorded messages of 450 false calls to the prehospital EMS were also analyzed. Both personnel perspectives on the false calls questionnaire and false call content evaluation checklist were used to collect data.RESULTS: The most influential factors in the incidence of false calls were the dimensions of public education (4.38 ± 0.5) and instructions and guidelines (4.28 ± 0.51), respectively. “Insufficient knowledge of people about the sensitivity of EMS work” from the public education dimension (4.60 ± 0.54) and “Lack of codified rules for dealing with false calls to the EMS” from the instructions and guidelines dimension (4.48 ± 0.71) were the most important factors. type of requests from EMS were mostly unnecessary conversations (52.4%) and dispatching an ambulance (21.3%).CONCLUSIONS: Given the importance of emergency, it is required to promote the general public knowledge and culture, as well as stricter rules and training programs for all ages, should be considered to reduce false calls. On the other hand, prehospital emergency medical dispatcher personnel should be trained on how to deal with false calls

HER2 overexpression is a putative diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for late-stage colorectal cancer in North African patients

AIM: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading cancers in the world. Even though its mortality and pathophysiology are well documented in the US and the European countries, it is seldom studied in North African population. Recent studies have shown link of HER2 overexpression in oesophageal and gastric cancers. The aim of this study is to assess the HER2 protein and mRNA expression and its correlation with tumor pathogenesis in Libyan CRC patients. METHODOLOGY: A total of 17 FFPE tissue blocks were collected from patients with primary CRC. The HER2 protein expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry and the mRNA expression was assessed using qRT-PCR. Survival analysis of the role of HER2 overexpression on rectal adenocarcinoma was carried out on additional 165 patients. RESULTS: From the CRC cohort, adenocarcinoma was found to be more frequent accounting for 88.2%, and 11.8% for mucinous adenocarcinomas. Almost 47% of the cases were positive for HER2 (score ≥ 2+) and about 50% adenocarcinoma cases with tumor grade II were positive for HER2. Moreover, 57.4% adenocarcinoma patients with grade-II tumor had undergone right hemicolectomy. Furthermore, significant correlation (p = 0.03) between the HER2 mRNA expression with the tumor grade was observed. In addition, poor overall all survival was observed with high HER2 expression in rectum adenocarcinoma. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study that HER2 overexpression correlates with more aggressive colorectal cancer in North African population. Our study shows that HER2 overexpression associates with right colon surgeries. Also, the correlation of mRNA and protein expression could warrant the implementation of a nationwide screening program for HER2 positivity in CRC patients. Taken together, stratifying patients according to HER2 expression can help in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC patients from North African origin

A Survey of Waste Management Status in Selected Hospitals in Isfahan

Background & Objectives: The development of various health care facilities has increased the production of medical wastes, which has contributed to environmental pollution and dramatic increase in waste management costs; therefore, the efficient management of hospital waste is of paramount importance. This study aimed to investigate the waste management status of selected hospitals in Isfahan. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive. In this study, using the checklist provided by Environmental Protection Agency, the data of 14 university hospitals and 1 private hospital were collected. The validity and reliability of the checklist were assessed. Descriptive statistics such as mean and percentage of compliance with the standard were calculated. Results: The average medical waste generated was 379.28 kg / day for each hospital. Moreover, the lowest and highest rates of compliance with standard questions were observed in waste disposal unit (98%) and waste loading (100%), respectively. The studied hospitals performed well in terms of volume and type of waste produced and waste management process. Conclusion: In large hospitals, at-source waste separation is more necessary. Implementing waste management guidelines, procedures, and policies is also crucial, and hospitals need to follow the move from theory to practice to reduce the amount of medical waste and reduce costs. Key­words: Waste Management, University Hospital, Private Hospital, Medical Waste ­Citation: Mirzaii H, Shaarbafchi zadeh N, Hamidi F, Rahmani K, Darabi M, Ezatifard A. A Survey of Waste Management Status in Selected Hospitals in Isfahan. Journal of Health Based Research 2020; 5(4): 343-53. [In Persian

Emergency medical technicians occupational stress scale: development and validation

INTRODUCTION: Several stress factors are experienced by emergency medical technicians (EMTs), the identification and management of which may be a major challenge due to the lack of valid and reliable instruments. This study aimed to develop a relevant and easy-to-use occupational stress scale (OSS) for EMTs with adequate psychometric properties. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A mixed method with an exploratory sequential design was used in this research. Items were generated based on the existing literature and a qualitative study, followed by testing the content and face validity of the items. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was done with a random sample of 247 EMTs. Also, internal consistency and stability reliability were investigated. RESULTS: From the initial 74 items, 20 with content validity ratio and content validity index were removed. In EFA, the item set resolved to a 50-item scale in the six dimensions include: Patient and family conditions, Environmental and occupational conditions, Traumatic consequences, Supportive management problems, Lack of support, and Interpersonal and individual tension. Cronbach's alpha and Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) showed excellent reliability. CONCLUSIONS: The OSS-EMT represents a psychometrically derived instrument that identified important stressors for EMTs., and is probably among the first studies in Iran. While explaining the methodology precisely, this study evaluated the validity and reliability of the OSS in EMTs based on principles of survey instrument development and validation

Perceived spouse unsupportive behaviors in women with breast cancer and their spouses

Introduction. Unsupportive responses from relatives, particularly spouses, play a significant role in the psychological adjustment of breast cancer patients and their spouses. Failure to meet the physical and psychological needs of breast cancer patients and their spouses can lead to anxiety, depression, and numerous marital problems. The aim of this study was designed to describe perceived spouse unsupportive behaviors in women with breast cancer and their spouses. Material and methods. This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 220 women with breast cancer along with their husbands participated in this study through random sampling. In the present study, data collection was performed using a demographic information checklist and a questionnaire. Results. The mean perceived women’s unsupportive behavior (20.73 ± 8.44) was higher than that of men’s (18.80 ± 5.83), which was statistically significant (P = 0.003). The mean score of perceived women’s unsupportive behavior in the categories of marital status, companion, place of residence, men’s and women’s occupation, and the type of residential house, and the mean score of perceived men’s unsupportive behavior in the category of current treatment were different. Conclusions. Women perceive their spouses’ behaviors as less supportive than their spouses’ perceptions of women’s behavior, which highlights the need for husbands to be more attentive to the impact of their behavior on their wives. Furthermore, talking with each other about problems is the most imperative factor in perceiving support by couples; accordingly, it can be concluded that couples who are reluctant to talk to each other concerning the problem perceive less mutual support

Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990–2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background Hearing loss affects access to spoken language, which can affect cognition and development, and can negatively affect social wellbeing. We present updated estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study on the prevalence of hearing loss in 2019, as well as the condition's associated disability. Methods We did systematic reviews of population-representative surveys on hearing loss prevalence from 1990 to 2019. We fitted nested meta-regression models for severity-specific prevalence, accounting for hearing aid coverage, cause, and the presence of tinnitus. We also forecasted the prevalence of hearing loss until 2050. Findings An estimated 1·57 billion (95% uncertainty interval 1·51–1·64) people globally had hearing loss in 2019, accounting for one in five people (20·3% [19·5–21·1]). Of these, 403·3 million (357·3–449·5) people had hearing loss that was moderate or higher in severity after adjusting for hearing aid use, and 430·4 million (381·7–479·6) without adjustment. The largest number of people with moderate-to-complete hearing loss resided in the Western Pacific region (127·1 million people [112·3–142·6]). Of all people with a hearing impairment, 62·1% (60·2–63·9) were older than 50 years. The Healthcare Access and Quality (HAQ) Index explained 65·8% of the variation in national age-standardised rates of years lived with disability, because countries with a low HAQ Index had higher rates of years lived with disability. By 2050, a projected 2·45 billion (2·35–2·56) people will have hearing loss, a 56·1% (47·3–65·2) increase from 2019, despite stable age-standardised prevalence. Interpretation As populations age, the number of people with hearing loss will increase. Interventions such as childhood screening, hearing aids, effective management of otitis media and meningitis, and cochlear implants have the potential to ameliorate this burden. Because the burden of moderate-to-complete hearing loss is concentrated in countries with low health-care quality and access, stronger health-care provision mechanisms are needed to reduce the burden of unaddressed hearing loss in these settings