On entropy, specific heat, susceptibility and Rushbrooke inequality in percolation

We investigate percolation, a probabilistic model for continuous phase transition (CPT), on square and weighted planar stochastic lattices. In its thermal counterpart, entropy is minimally low where order parameter (OP) is maximally high and vice versa. Besides, specific heat, OP and susceptibility exhibit power-law when approaching the critical point and the corresponding critical exponents $\alpha, \beta, \gamma$ respectably obey the Rushbrooke inequality (RI) $\alpha+2\beta+\gamma\geq 2$. Their analogues in percolation, however, remain elusive. We define entropy, specific heat and redefine susceptibility for percolation and show that they behave exactly in the same way as their thermal counterpart. We also show that RI holds for both the lattices albeit they belong to different universality classes.Comment: 5 pages, 3 captioned figures, to appear as a Rapid Communication in Physical Review E, 201

The Performance of Crystalline Hydrophobic in Wet Concrete Protection

Reflecting the need to protect concrete structures from de-icing salt and freeze-thaw loading, the study introduced in this paper springs from the uncertainty that exists in the benefit of in-situ performance Iso-butylsilane as a protection material. It is likely that environmental loading and internal moisture at the time of application are the main contributory factors for under performance. This paper deals with alternative materials, a high solids silane and an aqueous crystallization solution, operating moisture driven crystallization mechanism rather than demanding a dry application regime. The results demonstrated similar substantial reducing performance of both materials at 0-5% moisture on medium (C25:25 N/mm2) and high strength (C40:40N/mm2) concrete. There is greater take-up of protective materials for C25 concrete compared with C40 concrete, together with greater chloride reduction, indicating that the level of achieved dosing is a significant factor. The similarity between the absorption of water and the two protection materials relative to initial water content, points to a possible basis for predicting achievable dossing of surface applied protection materials. The crystallization material achieved greater application volume and chloride reduction than the silane material

Kewenangan, Kewajiban Notaris dan Calon Notaris dalam Membuat Akta Autentik

The purpose of this study see Notary Regulation no longer able to regulate various issues that arise in the implementation of the powers and duties of a notary, as well as the enactment of Act No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary, so it needs to be refined with the Law No. 2 Year 2014 on Amendment of Law No. 2 Year 2014 concerning Notary, with the enactment of changes in the latest UUJN 2014, Act No. 30 of 2004 concerning Notary still be valid, limited to the articles that are not converted in Law No. 2 Year 2014 on Amendment of Law Number 30 Year 2004 on Notary. To answer the problem under study, the authors use the method of normative legal approach. Based on the results of the study, the authors obtained answers to existing problems, namely the notary authority is derived from Article 15 of the Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 Year 2014 concerning Amendment to Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning the Notary and Article 1868 of the Civil Code. Meanwhile, prospective notary does not have any authority in making the deed. Responding to the things mentioned above, then the government should, revise the paragraph repeal the provisions of Article 16A (1) and paragraph (2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 Year 2014 concerning Amendment to Law Number 30 Year 2004 concerning the Notary. Key words: status, notary, notary candidate, akta authentic Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini melihat Peraturan Jabatan Notaris tidak lagi mampu mengatur berbagai permasalahan yang muncul dalam pelaksanaan wewenang dan tugas Notaris, demikian pula dengan diberlakukannya Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris, sehingga dengannya perlu disempurnakan dalam Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Jabatan Notaris. dengan berlakunya Perubahan UUJN tahun 2014 yang terbaru, Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris tetap dinyatakan berlaku, terbatas pada pasal-pasal yang tidak diubah dalam Undang-undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 tentang Jabatan Notaris. Untuk menjawab masalah yang dikaji tersebut, penulis menggunakan Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Penelitian hukum adalah suatu proses untuk menemukan aturan hukum, prinsip-prinsip hukum, maupun doktrin-doktrin hukum guna menjawab isu hukum yang dihadapi. Pendekatan yang digunakan di dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan Perundang-undangan (Statute Approach), pendekatan teori (teoritical approach) dan Pendekatan Kasus (case approach). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis memperoleh jawaban atas permasalahan yang ada, yaitu kewenangan notaris berasal dari Pasal 15 Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris dan Pasal 1868 KUH Perdata. Sedangkan, calon Notaris tidak memiliki kewenangan apapun dalam membuat akta.Menyikapi hal-hal tersebut di atas, maka sebaiknya pemerintah, merevisi dengan mencabut ketentuan Pasal 16A ayat (1) dan ayat (2) Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 2 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 30 Tahun 2004 Tentang Jabatan Notaris. Kata kunci: kewenangan, notaris, calon notaris, akta otenti

Radiochemical studies of the fission of heavy elements by fast neutrons

The relative yields of 8 mass chains both in the fission of Th(^232) y 3- and 14-Mev. neutrons have been easured radiochemically. The measured relative yields ere corrected to total chain yields by applying the equal charge displacement hypothesis. The relative yields were converted to absolute yields by imposing the condition that the sum of all the fission products must be 200%. Use has been made of the measured relative yields of near complementary fragments to determine the number of secondary neutrons emitted by a few fragment pairs. The number of secondary neutrons emitted by mass number 145 and its complementary fragment in 14-Mev neutron fission was found to be 4.04 and by mass number 132 and its complementary fragment in 3-Mev neutron fission to be 2.30.The mass, yield curves obtained in the present investigations showed the predominance of asymmetric fission at the lower excitation energy. The maxima of the peaks for 14-Mev fission were at mass numbers 91.00 and 137.96, while those for 3-Mev neutron fission were at mass numbers 91.55 and 139.28. An explanation of the relative change of the peak maxima at different energies has been put forward

An exploratory research on grammar checking of Bangla sentences using statistical language models

N-gram based language models are very popular and extensively used statistical methods for solving various natural language processing problems including grammar checking. Smoothing is one of the most effective techniques used in building a language model to deal with data sparsity problem. Kneser-Ney is one of the most prominently used and successful smoothing technique for language modelling. In our previous work, we presented a Witten-Bell smoothing based language modelling technique for checking grammatical correctness of Bangla sentences which showed promising results outperforming previous methods. In this work, we proposed an improved method using Kneser-Ney smoothing based n-gram language model for grammar checking and performed a comparative performance analysis between Kneser-Ney and Witten-Bell smoothing techniques for the same purpose. We also provided an improved technique for calculating the optimum threshold which further enhanced the the results. Our experimental results show that, Kneser-Ney outperforms Witten-Bell as a smoothing technique when used with n-gram LMs for checking grammatical correctness of Bangla sentences

The shape of equality: discourses around the Section 28 repeal in Scotland

This article focuses on conceptualizations of equality in the discourses deployed in the campaign to repeal Section 28 in Scotland. I use the parliamentary debates and two newspapers: the Daily Record, which supported the campaign to Keep the Clause, and The Guardian, which supported repeal, to exemplify the different discursive articulations around equality and citizenship. I suggest that the Scottish example provides further evidence of the ways in which liberalism naturalizes heterosexuality as the standard for citizenship and thus bequeaths a hierarchy of 'equality' and citizenship in the realm of sexuality, wherein lesbian and gay citizenship is either rendered invalid or characterized as 'special rights'. However, within the narrow confines of the parliamentary debates, more expansive and differentiated notions of citizenship and equality are evident. Whilst I conclude that the 'shape' of equality achieved through the repeal has been moulded to support institutionalized heterosexuality - with Section 28 replaced by statutory guidelines on sex education which advocate marriage - I also suggest equality is contested, both through the recognition of transformations in heterosexual family forms and the appeal to non-discrimination as a democratic principle. It is possible, therefore, that current destabilizations of the heterosexual social order simultaneously destabilize the precepts of liberal democracy

Inhibitor regulation of tissue kallikrein activity in the synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid athritis

Tissue kallikrein (TK) and 1-antitrypsin (AT)/TK complexes can be detected in SF from patients with RA if components of the fluids which interfere with the detection of TK are removed. 2-Macroglobulin (2-M) in SF was demonstrated to contain trapped proteases which were still active in amidase assays. Removal of 2-M from RA SF reduced their amidase activity. However, at least some of the remaining activity was due to TK because it was soya bean trypsin inhibitor resistant and trasylol sensitive and was partly removed by affinity chromatography on anti-TK sepharose. Removal of RF from the fluids reduced the values obtained for TK levels by ELISA. Addition of SF to human urinary kallikrein (HUK) considerably reduced the levels of TK detected suggesting the presence of a TK ELISA inhibitor in the fluids. Removal of components of >300 kDa from SF markedly reduced the TK ELISA inhibitory activity and increased the values for both the TK and l-AT/TK levels in fluids as measured by ELISA. It is considered this novel inhibitor does not bind to the active site of TK but rather binds to the site reactive with anti-TK antibodies

Resisting global universalistic practices - the endurance of culture and particularism in African HRM

Purpose This article empirically assesses the extent to which factors rooted in the cultural and institutional framework in Sub-Saharan African organisational contexts challenge and resist the penetration of global practices and how these dynamics impact on human resource management (HRM). This article examines universalistic perspectives are significant for African HRM. The article discusses the tensions between the contributions derived from local and historical factors, and that of other environmental agents, to African HRM practice. Design/methodology The study is based on a survey among 100 practising African HRM executives representing significant organisations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Findings The main findings established that, in spite of Westernisation and globalising trends in learning and development in Africa, human resource practices are still profoundly embedded in the African cultural fabric. Significant elements of cultures in Sub-Saharan Africa pervade organisational processes; such aspects include collectivism and paternalism, which persistently resist change. The article, however, concludes that the resisting parts of Sub-Saharan African cultures which are viewed as counter-productive, can have positive resonance if constructively deployed. Originality This article contributes to African HRM literature, a significantly under-researched field. The paper provides an opportunity for African HR managers to be more pragmatic in identifying the contextual issues as well as aspects of African culture that could be value-adding in a fast-changing managerial field. The findings demonstrate that human resource strategies and policies have specific cultural orientations and reflect the societal predispositions of a particular collectivity; this epitomizes the intertwining of cultural paradigms, political spheres and organisational life in Sub-Saharan Afric

Globalisation and HR practices in Africa: When culture refuses to make way for so-called universalistic perspectives

The paper demonstrates and exemplifies how cultural paradigms and the political and socio-economic spheres and organisational life are intertwined in an African context. The paper examines how some factors that are embedded in the cultural and institutional framework in Sub-Saharan African organisations interact with global perspectives and the degree of resistance they present to changes in human resource management (HRM) processes. The paper considers aspects of the universalistic perspectives that have resonance for human resource practices in Africa. Furthermore, it evaluates the question of the tensions between the contributions derived from the indigenous and historical factors, and the inputs from external sources, to human resource management in Africa. rnThe research is based on a survey of 100 practicing African human resources professionals. The respondents were drawn from the major institutional actors in Nigeria. rnThe research found that, despite the impact of globalisation and the Westernisaion of training and development in Africa, HRM practices remain largely culture-bound. Many aspects of Sub-Saharan African cultures pervade organisational processes, e.g. collectivism and paternalism, that refuse to make way for change. However, the paper concludes that some of these temerarious cultural aspects that are often described as counter-productive in much of the literature, could actually be utilised for community and employee engagement. rnThe paper makes a significant contribution to the literature on HRM practices in Africa, an area under-researched. It provides an opportunity to African HR managers to be more pragmatic in identifying the contextual issues and for beginning to identify aspects of African culture that could be value-adding in a fast changing management landscape. The paper demonstrates that HRM policies have specific cultural orientations and reflect on both the societal predispositions of the region; this exemplifies how cultural paradigms, the political sphere and organisational life are intertwined in an African context

Characterization of silicon nanowire by use of full-vectorial finite element method.

We have carried out a rigorous H-field-based full-vectorial modal analysis and used it to characterize, more accurately, the abrupt dielectric discontinuity of a high index contrast optical waveguide. The full-vectorial H and E fields and the Poynting vector profiles are described in detail. It has been shown through this work that the mode profile of a circular silicon nanowire is not circular and also contains a strong axial field component. The single-mode operation, vector field profiles, modal hybridness, modal ellipticity, and group velocity dispersion of this silicon nanowire are also presented