RFID-based Tracing for Wine Supply Chain

Component tracing plays an important role in the wine industry in order to know the product quality during wine supply chain (i.e., from grape to glass). It is one of the main applications of radio frequency identification, which is a key technology due to its ever increasing demands. To adopt the feature of component traceability with the wine industry, it is necessary to design a wireless infrastructure along with this technology. In this paper, we design a wireless network infrastructure for such industry with the objective to trace the components (e.g., pallet, container and beverage bottle) during the wine supply chain process. Firstly, we design a wireless mesh network for both indoor and outdoor scenarios. Then, we incorporate the radio frequency identification technology with the network infrastructure for tracing the components. Finally, the performance of the network is analysed by means of numerical simulations. The simulation results reveal the effectiveness of the proposal

Role of Histone H4 Mutations in DNA Repair Pathways

Histone H3K79 methylation has been shown to play roles in different DNA repair pathways. Histone H4 residues serine 64 to threonine 80 surround histone H3K79 residue. We have analyzed the effect of the mutations of the residues on UV sensitivity, H3K79 methylation, nucleotide excision repair, chromatin state and homologous recombination. We found that mutation of the residues 64 to 72 cause resistance to killing by UV whereas mutation of the residues 73 to 80 cause sensitivity to killing by UV compared to wild type. In general, we found that the mutations make nucleotide excision repair more proficient at the constitutively active RPB2 loci. We found global genomic repair is faster in most of the mutants except H75E. Transcription coupled repair is normal in most of the mutants except mutant Y72T. In mutant H75E, Rad26 independent transcription coupled repair is also defective. The mutations T73D, T73F and T73Y affect mono, di and tri methylation of H3K79 but they have faster or normal nucleotide excision repair. We have also found that these histone mutations make chromatin more accessible to micrococcal nuclease. The UV sensitive histone mutants have normal or faster nucleotide excision repair. Methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) sensitivity test, Rad14 and Rad52 epistasis analysis suggests that the UV sensitive histone H4 mutants could play role in homologous recombination repair pathway. Taken together, the results imply that the histone mutations remodel the chromatin that helps to recruit nucleotide excision repair factors for efficient repair

Performance Analysis of On-Demand Routing Protocols in Wireless Mesh Networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended.Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs), IEEE 802.11s, AODV, DSR, DYMO

Joint path and spectrum diversity in cognitive radio ad-hoc networks

n/

Histone H4 H75E mutation attenuates global genomic and Rad26-independent transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair

Nucleotide excision repair (NER) consists of global genomic NER (GG-NER) and transcription coupled NER (TC-NER) subpathways. In eukaryotic cells, genomic DNA is wrapped around histone octamers (an H3-H4 tetramer and two H2A-H2B dimers) to form nucleosomes, which are well known to profoundly inhibit the access of NER proteins. Through unbiased screening of histone H4 residues in the nucleosomal LRS (loss of ribosomal DNA-silencing) domain, we identified 24 mutations that enhance or decrease UV sensitivity of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells. The histone H4 H75E mutation, which is largely embedded in the nucleosome and interacts with histone H2B, significantly attenuates GG-NER and Rad26-independent TC-NER but does not affect TC-NER in the presence of Rad26. All the other histone H4 mutations, except for T73F and T73Y that mildly attenuate GG-NER, do not substantially affect GG-NER or TC-NER. The attenuation of GG-NER and Rad26-independent TC-NER by the H4H75E mutation is not due to decreased chromatin accessibility, impaired methylation of histone H3 K79 that is at the center of the LRS domain, or lowered expression of NER proteins. Instead, the attenuation is at least in part due to impaired recruitment of Rad4, the key lesion recognition and verification protein, to chromatin following induction of DNA lesions

Performance analysis of on-demand routing protocols in wireless mesh networks

Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) have recently gained a lot of popularity due to their rapid deployment and instant communication capabilities. WMNs are dynamically self-organizing, self-configuring and self-healing with the nodes in the network automatically establishing an adiej hoc network and preserving the mesh connectivity. Designing a routing protocol for WMNs requires several aspects to consider, such as wireless networks, fixed applications, mobile applications, scalability, better performance metrics, efficient routing within infrastructure, load balancing, throughput enhancement, interference, robustness etc. To support communication, various routing protocols are designed for various networks (e.g. ad hoc, sensor, wired etc.). However, all these protocols are not suitable for WMNs, because of the architectural differences among the networks. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on the reactive routing protocols to verify the suitability of these protocols over such kind of networks. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol are considered as the representative of reactive routing protocols. The performance differentials are investigated using varying traffic load and number of source. Based on the simulation results, how the performance of each protocol can be improved is also recommended

On mitigating hop-to-hop congestion problem in IoT enabled Intra-Vehicular communication

Internet of Things enabled Intra-Vehicular Network (IVN) refers to the network where large number of sensors are connected with each other for sharing the vehicle's status information in order to develop a smart vehicular system. The number of sensor nodes in the vehicle has increased significantly due to the increasing vehicular applications. The phenomenon of congestion poses a problem in the IVN where the traffic load and number of sensors are increased. This problem can be resolved by mitigating the limitation of the existing Media Access Control (MAC) protocols. In this paper, we address this issue and proposed a MAC strategy for solving this problem in this network. Furthermore, we discuss the design of IVN scenario and the performance is evaluated in terms of end-to-end delay. The simulation results reveal the effectiveness of our proposal

A simulation based performance comparison of routing protocol on Mobile Ad-hoc Network (proactive, reactive and hybrid)

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes which dynamically forms a temporary network without the use of any existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. Recently, there has been a tremendous growth in the sales of laptops, handheld computers, PDA and portable computers. These smaller computers nevertheless can be equipped with megabytes/gigabytes of disk storage, high-resolution color displays, pointing devices and wireless communications adapters. Moreover, since many of these small computers operate for hours with battery power, users are free to move without being constrained by wires. To support such type of scenario MANET has been designed. MANET has several characteristics such as, dynamic topologies, bandwidth-constrained, variable capacity links, energyconstrained operation and limited physical security. There are three types of routing protocols in MANET such as Proactive, Reactive, and Hybrid. In this paper, a detailed simulation based performance study and analysis is performed on these types of routing protocols over MANET. Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), and Dynamic MANET On-demand (DYMO) routing protocol (reactive), Optimized Link State Routing protocol (OLSR) (proactive) and Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) is (hybrid) have been considered in this paper for the investigation and their relative performance is reported

Collab-SAR:A Collaborative Avalanche Search-and-Rescue Missions Exploiting Hostile Alpine Networks

Every year, Alpine experiences a considerable number of avalanches causing danger to visitor and saviors, where most of the existing techniques to mitigate the number of fatalities in such hostile environments are based on a non-collaborative approach and is time- and effort-inefficient. A recently completed European project on Smart collaboration between Humans and ground-aErial Robots for imProving rescuing activities in Alpine environments (SHERPA) has proposed a novel collaborative approach to improve the rescuing activities. To be an integral part of the SHERPA framework, this paper considers deployment of an air-ground collaborative wireless network (AGCWN) to support search and rescue (SAR) missions in hostile alpine environments. We propose a network infrastructure for such challenging environments by considering the available network components, hostility of the environments, scenarios, and requirements. The proposed infrastructure also considers two degrees of quality of service, in terms of high throughput and long coverage range, to enable timely delivery of videos and images of the long patrolled area, which is the key in any searching and rescuing mission. We also incorporate a probabilistic search technique, which is suitable for collaborative search assuming AGCWN infrastructure for sharing information. The effectiveness of the proposed infrastructure and collaborative search technique, referred to as Collab-SAR, is demonstrated via a series of computer simulations. The results confirm the effectiveness of the proposal