Perunasopan uudet lajikkeet

Markkinoille tulee yhä runsaasti uusia perunalajikkeita. Viime vuonna Kasvilajikelautakunnan luetteloon hyväksyttiin aikainen Lady Christl. Tänä vuonna hyväksyttiin kaksi ruokaperunaa: kiinteä Victoria ja jauhoinen, punakuorinen Redstar. Nämä lajikkeet ovat hollantilaista alkuperää. Kaikki uudet lajikkeet eivät kuitenkaan näytä vakiintuvan viljelyyn.vo

Kevätviljojen ja -öljykasvien kylvöaika

VokKirjasto Aj-

Tärkkelysperuna Saturna pitää pintansa

Saturna on ollut jo pitkään valtalajike tärkkelysperunan tuotannossa. Saturnan jälkeen yleisin tärkkelyslajike on runsaasti tärkkelystä sisältävä Posmo. Myöhäinen Kardal on vakiinnuttanut asemansa eteläisessä Suomessa suotuisten kasvupaikkojen lajikkeena. Aikaista Tanua käytetään pääasiassa varhaistuotantoon. Ute tuotiin viljelyyn 1990-luvun alussa pääsadon lajikkeeksi Saturnan rinnalle, mutta siementuotannon vaikeudet ovat rajoittaneet Uten yleistymistä.vo

Resistenssi : Kasvintuhoojien torjunta-ainekestävyys

Tämä raportti on Suomen oloihin sovellettu katsaus kasvinsuojeluaineiden resistenssin perusteista, esiintymisestä ja ennaltaehkäisemisestä. Raportin aineisto pohjautuu Pohjoismaisen Norbarag (Nordic Baltic Resistance Action Group) -työryhmän 2010-luvulla kokoamiin tietoihin. Kasvintuhoojat (kasvitaudit, tuhoeläimet ja rikkakasvit) haittaavat kasvintuotantoa. Kasvintuhoojien runsautta säädellään viljelykasveista kemiallisilla kasvinsuojeluaineilla eli pestisideillä. Kasvintuhoojapopulaatioon voi syntyä tai siinä voi olla luontaisesti kyky kestää pestisidiä. Tämä kestävyys eli resistenssi on perinnöllistä. Torjunta-aineita tulisi käyttää niin, ettei torjunta-aineresistenssiä synny tai ettei se lisäänny.201

Seresta ja Tomppa ovat uudet tärkkelysperunalajikkeet

Tärkkelysperunan viljelyyn on tulossa kaksi uutuuslajiketta: satoisa, melko myöhäinen Seresta ja aikaisiin nostoihin sopiva kotimainen Tomppa.vo

Occupational Class Differences in Trajectories of Working Conditions in Women

Peer reviewe

Virallisten lajikekokeiden tulokset 1989-1996

Virallisen lajiketoimikunnan tehtävänä on selvittää uusien peltokasvilajikkeiden viljelyarvo ennen niiden viljelyyn ottamista. Peltokasvien viralliset lajikekokeet järjestää Maatalouden tutkimuskeskus. Lajikekokeita on tärkeimmillä viljelykasveilla eri puolilla maata, vähintään kahden vuoden ajan ennen lajikkeen viljelyyn ottamista. Virallista lajikekoetoimintaa johtaa Maatalouden tutkimuskeskuksen Länsi-Suomen tutkimusyksikkö. Viralliset lajikekokeet ovat perusta peltokasvien lajikkeista annettavalle tiedolle. Uusien lajikkeiden viljelyarvo tutkitaan alustavissa ja virallisissa lajikekokeissa. Tavoitteena on selvittää lajikkeen viljelyvarmuus, satoisuus ja laatu perusteellisin tutkimuksin. Nykyisin virallinen lajiketoiminta on maksullista tilaustutkimusta. Kasvinjalostuslaitos tai lajikkeen omistaja ilmoittaa lajikkeen kokeisiin ja vastaa kokeiden kustannuksista. Lajike on virallisissa kokeissa vähintään kaksi vuotta tai kunnes se hyväksytään maa- ja metsätalousministeriön kasvilajikeluetteloon. Tämän jälkeen lajike on vielä kokeissa 2-3 vuotta neuvonnan tarpeita varten. Lajikkeen kokeilu virallisissa lajikekokeissa kestää yhteensä 4-6 vuotta. Virallisia lajikekokeita järjestetään tärkeimmillä viljelykasveilla. Lajikekokeet tehdään kunkin lajikkeen viljelyyn soveltuvalla alueella. Esimerkiksi kevätvehnän lajikekokeita on vain Etelä-Suomessa. Ohran lajikekokeita on vastaavasti mallasohraa lukuunottamatta koko maassa. Lajikekokeet ovat käytännön viljelyä vastaavia kenttäkokeita. Virallisia lajikekokeita on ollut kaikkiaan 18 koepaikalla. Virallisia lajikekokeita ovat suorittaneet MTT:n toimeksiannosta ja valvonnassa myös BOREAL Suomen Kasvinjalostus Oy, K-ryhmän opetus- ja koetila, Mildola Oy, Kemira Agro Oy ja Sokerijuurikkaan tutkimuskeskus. Koepaikkojen osalta on meneillään siirtymävaihe, jolloin monivuotiset kokeet saatetaan päätökseen nykyisillä koepaikoilla. Sen jälkeen jalostajat ja lajikkeiden maahantuojat eivät voi osallistua virallisten lajikekokeiden järjestämiseen. Maa- ja metsätalousministeriön kasvilajikeluetteloon otettavat lajikkeet päätetään virallisten lajikekokeiden tulosten perusteella. Kasvilajikeluettelossa pidettävistä lajikkeista päättää maa- ja metsätalousministeriön kasvilajikelautakunta. Kasvilajikeluettelo julkaistaan vuosittain. Nykyisin se on luettelo lajikkeista, joiden markkinointi on sallittua maassamme. Lajikkeiden vyöhyke- ja viljelysuositukset julkaistaan erikseen joko valtakunnallisina yhteenvetoina tai alueellisina tiedotteina.The task of the Plant Variety Board is to determine the value of new field crop varieties before they are released. The official variety trials of field crops are arranged by the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland. Variety trials of the most important plants are conducted around Finland for more than two years before they are released. The official variety trial operations are organised by the Western-Finland Research Unit of the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland. The official variety trials form a basis for the provision of information on the value of field crops. The value of new varieties is evaluated in preliminary and official variety trials. The aim is to determine the cultivation stability, yield potential and quality by thorough studies. Nowadays official variety trials are carried out to order and a charge is made. The Plant Breeding Institute or the owner of the variety enters the variety for the trials and covers the expenses related to the trials. The variety undergoes official trials for at least two years or until it is entered in the National List of Cultivars of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland. Thereafter the variety undergoes trials for another 2-3 years to collect information for growers. Altogether the testing of a variety in official variety trials lasts a total of 4 to 6 years. Official variety trials are arranged for the most important cultivated crops. The variety trials take place in areas suitable for the cultivation of the crop in question. For instance, variety trials on spring wheat are conducted only in South-Finland, whereas variety trials on barley, except for malt barley, are arranged all over the country. The variety trials are field trials which simulate practical cultivation. Official variety trials have been conducted at a total of 18 trial sites. In addition, official variety trials have been conducted by BOREAL Plant Breeding of Finland, the Educational and Experimental Farm of the K-Group, Mildola Oy, Kemira Agro Ltd and the Sugar Beet Research Centre of Finland to order and under supervision of the Agricultural Research Centre of Finland. The trial sites are undergoing a transition period; trials lasting several years will be concluded at their current sites. Thereafter breeders and importers of varieties will no longer be able to participate in the arrangement of official variety trials. Decisions on the inclusion of varieties in the National List of Cultivars of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland are based on the results of the official variety trials. The Plant Variety Board of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of Finland decides which varieties are retained on the National List of Cultivars. The list is published annually. Nowadays it is a list of the varieties which are permitted to be marketed in Finland. The zone and cultivation recommendations are published separately either as national summaries or as a regional bulletin.vokMyynti MTT Tietopalveluyksikk

Changes in working conditions and physical health functioning among midlife and ageing employees

Objectives The aim this study was to examine the effect of changes in physical and psychosocial working conditions on physical health functioning among ageing municipal employees. Methods Follow-up survey data were collected from midlife employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland, at three time points: wave 1(2000-2002), wave 2(2007), and wave 3 (2012). Changes in physical and psychosocial working conditions were assessed between waves 1 and 2. Physical health functioning was measured by the physical component summary (PCS) of the Short-Form 36 questionnaire at each of the three waves. In total, 2784 respondents (83% women) who remained employed over the follow-up were available for the analyses. Linear mixed-effect models were used to assess the associations and adjust for key covariates (age, gender, obesity, chronic diseases, and health behaviors). Results Repeated and increased exposure to adverse physical working conditions was associated with greater decline in physical health functioning over time. In contrast, decrease in exposures reduced the decline Of the psychosocial working conditions, changes in job demands had no effects on physical health functioning. However, decreased job control was associated with greater decline and repeated high or increased job control reduced the decline in physical health functioning over time. Conclusions Adverse changes in physical working conditions and job control were associated with greater decline in physical health functioning over time, whereas favorable changes in these exposures reduced the decline. Preventing deterioration and promoting improvement of working conditions are likely to help maintain better physical health functioning among ageing employees.Peer reviewe

Associations of childhood and adult socioeconomic circumstances with recommended food habits among young and midlife Finnish employees

Background Disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances are associated with certain unhealthy food habits such as inadequate consumption of fruit and vegetables. This study examined whether multiple socioeconomic measures are consistently associated with a variety of food habits. Methods We examined associations of 2 childhood and 6 adult socioeconomic measures with 8 recommended food habits among 19-39-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland. The data were collected in 2017 via online and mailed surveys. Our sample consisted of 4621 employees (80% women). The analyses included adjusted binary logistic regression models. Results More advantaged socioeconomic circumstances were positively associated with the recommended consumption of vegetables, fruit or berries, dark bread, skimmed milk products, fish, and cooking oil, but not consistently with red or processed meat and fat spread. All socioeconomic measures were positively associated with having several (6-8) recommended food habits after gender and age adjustments. The strongest associations were found for participant's education, occupational class, and current financial difficulties. These associations remained after adjustments of childhood and adult socioeconomic measures, although especially participant's education attenuated the associations for occupational class. Conclusions The consistent associations between multiple childhood and adult socioeconomic measures and food habits found among employees highlight the need for improving food habits among people with disadvantaged socioeconomic circumstances in particular. Financial barriers together with social aspects of adhering to healthy diets should be considered in future dietary interventions and policy actions.Peer reviewe

Trajectories of Insomnia Symptoms Among Aging Employees and Their Associations With Memory, Learning Ability, and Concentration After Retirement-A Prospective Cohort Study (2000-2017)

Objectives We applied a person-oriented approach and used latent class linear mixed models to identify sleep trajectories that explain memory, concentration, and learning ability problems after retirement. Methods Data consist of prospective surveys from four phases of the Helsinki Health Study between 2000-2017 (n = 3748, aged 55-77 years, 80% women). Multinomial regression was used to examine the associations between sleep trajectories and cognitive function, adjusting for sociodemographic, health-related behavior, and health factor covariates. Results Among statutory retirees, three latent group trajectories of insomnia-related symptoms were identified: stable low, decreasing, and increasing. Among those who had retired for disability reasons, we identified one additional latent group trajectory: stable high. Insomnia symptoms were associated with worse cognitive function. Discussion Early detection of insomnia symptoms would be a potential intervention point to improve both sleep quality and prevent cognitive decline in later life. However, intervention studies are needed.Peer reviewe