Spontaneous Scalarization in Proto-neutron Stars

Proto-neutron stars are born when a highly evolved and massive star collapses under gravity. In this paper, we investigate the spontaneous scalarization in proto-neutron stars. Based on the scalar tensor theory of gravity as well as the physical conditions in proto-neutron star, we examine the structure of proto-neutron star. To describe the fluid in proto-neutron star, we utilize $SU(2)$ chiral sigma model and the finite temperature extension of the Brueckner-Bethe-Goldstone quantum many-body theory in the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approximation. Here, we apply the equation of state of proto-neutron stars considering different cases i.e. hot pure neutron matter and hot $\beta$-stable neutron star matter without neutrino trapping as well as with neutrino trapping. The effects of temperature and entropy of proto-neutron stars on the star structure are also studied. Our results confirm that the spontaneous scalarization is affected by different physical conditions in proto-neutron stars.Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in European Physical Journal

Effect of Life Skill Training on Self -Esteem of High School Students in Iran

The present study was an attempt to study effect of life skill training on self -esteem of high school students in Iran. For this purpose initially five high schools were selected randomly. Then from each school 30 students were selected whom the authorities of schools felt had some problems. Thereafter, self-esteem questionnaires were administered to all these 150 female students. Finally, 60 students were selected 12 from each school that was having low self-esteem, Therefore, total sample of the present study comprised sixty (60) female students. Then, they were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Each group had 30 subjects the experimental group was given Life skill training for 10 days, while the control group was not given such training. The Self-esteem of the experimental group were measured before and after Life skill training, while the Self-esteem, of the control group were measured twice but without Life Skill training. Self –esteem was measured by using Coppersmith’s self-esteem inventory (1981). It was found that there was a significant difference between pre and post condition on all the dimensions of self-esteem, i.e., General, Social, School academic and Home parent self-esteem. On all the dimensions, subjects of the experimental group scored higher in post condition than pre condition. In other words, life skill training was effective in increasing self-esteem

Effect of Life Skill Training on Self -Esteem of High School Students in Iran

The present study was an attempt to study effect of life skill training on self -esteem of high school students in Iran. For this purpose initially five high schools were selected randomly. Then from each school 30 students were selected whom the authorities of schools felt had some problems. Thereafter, self-esteem questionnaires were administered to all these 150 female students. Finally, 60 students were selected 12 from each school that was having low self-esteem, Therefore, total sample of the present study comprised sixty (60) female students. Then, they were assigned randomly to experimental and control groups. Each group had 30 subjects the experimental group was given Life skill training for 10 days, while the control group was not given such training. The Self-esteem of the experimental group were measured before and after Life skill training, while the Self-esteem, of the control group were measured twice but without Life Skill training. Self –esteem was measured by using Coppersmith’s self-esteem inventory (1981). It was found that there was a significant difference between pre and post condition on all the dimensions of self-esteem, i.e., General, Social, School academic and Home parent self-esteem. On all the dimensions, subjects of the experimental group scored higher in post condition than pre condition. In other words, life skill training was effective in increasing self-esteem

The impact of authoritative, permissive and authoritarian behavior of parents on self-concept, psychological health and life quality

The current study compared the effect of parenting style on self-concept, psychological health and quality of life  of children with authoritative, permissive and authoritarian parents. In order to do this, parenting style questionnaire  was first given to 180 parents of high school students in Iran. Then, based on this questionnaire, the parents were divided into authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. Following this, 30 children from authoritarian, 29 from permissive and 32 children from authoritative parents were selected. Then, the general health questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire were administrated on these subjects after taking their consent. One way ANOVA, multiple comparisons of means and correlations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant impact of parenting style on mental health. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better mental health than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. In addition, there was a significant impact of parenting style on self-esteem. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better self-esteem than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Finally, there was a significant impact of parenting style on quality of life. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better quality of life than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles.

The impact of authoritative, permissive and authoritarian behavior of parents on self-concept, psychological health and life quality

The current study compared the effect of parenting style on self-concept, psychological health and quality of life  of children with authoritative, permissive and authoritarian parents. In order to do this, parenting style questionnaire  was first given to 180 parents of high school students in Iran. Then, based on this questionnaire, the parents were divided into authoritarian, permissive and authoritative. Following this, 30 children from authoritarian, 29 from permissive and 32 children from authoritative parents were selected. Then, the general health questionnaire, self-esteem questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire were administrated on these subjects after taking their consent. One way ANOVA, multiple comparisons of means and correlations were used to analyze the data. The results showed that there was a significant impact of parenting style on mental health. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better mental health than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles. In addition, there was a significant impact of parenting style on self-esteem. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better self-esteem than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting style. Finally, there was a significant impact of parenting style on quality of life. This means that children raised by authoritative parenting style had better quality of life than children raised by authoritarian and permissive parenting styles.

Reducing Conservatism in Pareto Robust Optimization

Robust optimization (RO) is a sub-field of optimization theory with set-based uncertainty. A criticism of this field is that it determines optimal decisions for only the worst-case realizations of uncertainty. Several methods have been introduced to reduce this conservatism. However, non of these methods can guarantee the non-existence of another solution that improves the optimal solution for all non-worse-cases. Pareto robust optimization ensures that non-worse-case scenarios are accounted for and that the solution cannot be dominated for all scenarios. The problem with Pareto robust optimization (PRO) is that a Pareto robust optimal solution may be improved by another solution for a given subset of uncertainty. Also, Pareto robust optimal solutions are still conservative on the optimality for the worst-case scenario. In this thesis, first, we apply the concept of PRO to the Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) problem. We will present a Pareto robust optimization model for four types of IMRT problems. Using several hypothetical breast cancer data sets, we show that PRO solutions decrease the side effects of overdosing while delivering the same dose that RO solutions deliver to the organs at risk. Next, we present methods to reduce the conservatism of PRO solutions. We present a method for generating alternative RO solutions for any linear robust optimization problem. We also demonstrate a method for determining if an RO solution is PRO. Then we determine the set of all PRO solutions using this method. We denote this set as the ``Pareto robust frontier" for any linear robust optimization problem. Afterward, we present a set of uncertainty realizations for which a given PRO solution is optimal. Using this approach, we compare all PRO solutions to determine the one that is optimal for the maximum number of realizations in a given set. We denote this solution as a ``superior" PRO solution for that set. At last, we introduce a method to generate a PRO solution while slightly violating the optimality of the optimal solution for the worst-case scenario. We define these solutions as ``light PRO" solutions. We illustrate the application of our approach to the IMRT problem for breast cancer. The numerical results present a significant impact of our method in reducing the side effects of radiation therapy

Covering Graphs and Equiangular Tight Frames

Recently, there has been huge attention paid to equiangular tight frames and their constructions, due to the fact that the relationship between these frames and quantum information theory was established. One of the problems which has been studied is the relationship between equiangular tight frames and covering graphs of complete graphs. In this thesis, we will explain equiangular tight frames and covering graphs of complete graphs and present the results that show the relationship between these two concepts. The latest results about the constructions of equiangular tight frames from projective geometries and Steiner systems also has been presented

Mycosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Candida albicans and its Antibacterial Activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

Purpose: To produce and characterize silver nanoparticles using Candida albicans and evaluate its antibacterial properties.Methods: Extracellular silver nanoparticles were biosynthesized using C. albicans. The biomass obtained from cultures of C. albicans was used to synthesize silver nanoparticles in 1.5 mM silver nitrate solution. Characterization of the biosynthesized nanoparticles was carried out using ultraviolet (UV)- visible spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antibacterial properties of the nanoparticles were determined by agar disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Results: Incubation of C. albicans with silver nitrate solution produced silver nanoparticles after 2 – 4 h as evidenced by change in the color of the reaction mixture. The formation of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy which showed absorption peak between 300 – 800 nm, being the characteristic wavelength range of silver nanoparticles. SEM revealed the varying morphology of the nanoparticles which had a size range of 20 – 80 nm. Furthermore, the nanoparticles showed significant antimicrobial activity (p < 0.05).Conclusion: The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles hold some promise for various industrial applications, including drug delivery.Keywords: Antibacterial activity, Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Mycosynthesis, Silver nanoparticles, Staphylococcus aureu

Medicinal plants as a source of future anti-pruritic drugs: A comprehensive review

Pruritus is a distressing sensation of the skin that provokes the desire to scratch. Medicinal plants have been proposed as a worthful source for identifying new bioactive molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate some medicinal plants and their phytochemicals used in the management of pruritus. Medicinal plants including Avena sativa, Borago officinalis, Capsicum frutescens, Curcuma longa, Fumaria spp., Mentha x piperita and Oenothera biennis showed the promising anti-pruritic activity in human studies. In experimental studies, Angelica sinensis, Betula platyphylla, Matricaria chamomilla, Rumex Japonicus, Saururus chinensis and Vaccinium myrtillus are among the best medicinal plants for management of pruritus. Essential oils, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, terpens, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids were the bioactive constituents of herbs which exhibited their anti-pruritic activity through different mechanisms. The most predominant mechanisms involved in activity of plant-derived molecules in pruritis include reducing serum IgE and proinflammatory cytokines, stabilizing mast cells, suppressing the Th2 cellular response, suppressing the expression of substance P and NF- κB, inhibiting prostaglandin E2 production, and activating receptors involved in itch sensation. Overall, several medicinal plants and its bioactive compounds have shown marked activity in the management of pruritus and therefore can be considered as an alternative source of treatment. Pruritus is a distressing sensation of the skin that provokes the desire to scratch. Medicinal plants have been proposed as a worthful source for identifying new bioactive molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate some medicinal plants and their phytochemicals used in the management of pruritus. Medicinal plants including Avena sativa, Borago officinalis, Capsicum frutescens, Curcuma longa, Fumaria spp., Mentha x piperita and Oenothera biennis showed the promising anti-pruritic activity in human studies. In experimental studies, Angelica sinensis, Betula platyphylla, Matricaria chamomilla, Rumex Japonicus, Saururus chinensis and Vaccinium myrtillus are among the best medicinal plants for management of pruritus. Essential oils, alkaloids, saponins, sterols, terpens, phenolic compounds, and fatty acids were the bioactive constituents of herbs which exhibited their anti-pruritic activity through different mechanisms. The most predominant mechanisms involved in activity of plant-derived molecules in pruritis include reducing serum IgE and proinflammatory cytokines, stabilizing mast cells, suppressing the Th2 cellular response, suppressing the expression of substance P and NF- κB, inhibiting prostaglandin E2 production, and activating receptors involved in itch sensation. Overall, several medicinal plants and its bioactive compounds have shown marked activity in the management of pruritus and therefore can be considered as an alternative source of treatment

Prediction of adverse pregnancy outcomes by first‑trimester components of metabolic syndrome : a prospective longitudinal study

Author's accepted version (postprint).This is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Springer in Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics on 3/3/2023.Available online: doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-06967-0acceptedVersio