Indications for Brain Computed Tomography Scan After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Trauma to the head may cause damage to the brain parenchyma. This intracranial damage is more probable in severe than mild forms of head trauma. Despite this knowledge, physicians could not disregard the risk of brain injury in mild forms; thus, in many cases of head trauma, computed tomography (CT) scans are performed to detect possible intracranial injuries. Thi

Corticosteroid Administration to Prevent Complications of Anterior Cervical Spine Fusion: A Systematic Review.

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: Anterior cervical approach is associated with complications such as dysphagia and airway compromise. In this study, we aimed to systematically review the literature on the efficacy and safety of corticosteroid administration as a preventive measure of such complications in anterior cervical spine surgery with fusion. Methods: Following a systematic literature search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases in July 2016, all comparative human studies that evaluated the effect of steroids for prevention of complications in anterior cervical spine surgery with fusion were included, irrespective of number of levels and language. Risk of bias was assessed using MINORS (Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies) checklist and Cochrane Back and Neck group recommendations, for nonrandomized and randomized studies, respectively. Results: Our search yielded 556 articles, of which 9 studies (7 randomized controlled trials and 2 non-randomized controlled trials) were included in the final review. Dysphagia was the most commonly evaluated complication, and in most studies, its severity or incidence was significantly lower in the steroid group. Although prevertebral soft tissue swelling was less commonly assessed, the results were generally in favor of steroid use. The evidence for airway compromise and length of hospitalization was inconclusive. Steroid-related complications were rare, and in both studies that evaluated the fusion rate, it was comparable between steroid and control groups in long-term follow-up. Conclusions: Current literature supports the use of steroids for prevention of complications in anterior cervical spine surgery with fusion. However, evidence is limited by substantial risk of bias and small number of studies reporting key outcomes

The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training on Communication Empowering Deprived Students

The present study was carried out to compare social skills among Iranian students. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of social skills training on communication ability of deprived students. 864 high school students in Mahallat city were randomly selected by clustering method and were evaluated by using social skills training inventory (Indrebitzen and Foster, 1992). According to scores of social skills Inventory, students divided into two groups including 31 students with social skills training and 31 students without social skills training as control group. Group members were evaluated before and after 10 training sessions. ANCOVA was used for group comparisons in pretest and post -test. In general, results showed that social skills training method increased positive social skills and decreased negative social skills in experimental group. However, scores of negative and positive social skills in control group had no difference in pretest and posttest. On the other hand, training sessions was effective in increasing social adaptive, personal efficacy and prevention of traumas

The Effectiveness of Social Skills Training on Communication Empowering Deprived Students

The present study was carried out to compare social skills among Iranian students. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the effect of social skills training on communication ability of deprived students. 864 high school students in Mahallat city were randomly selected by clustering method and were evaluated by using social skills training inventory (Indrebitzen and Foster, 1992). According to scores of social skills Inventory, students divided into two groups including 31 students with social skills training and 31 students without social skills training as control group. Group members were evaluated before and after 10 training sessions. ANCOVA was used for group comparisons in pretest and post -test. In general, results showed that social skills training method increased positive social skills and decreased negative social skills in experimental group. However, scores of negative and positive social skills in control group had no difference in pretest and posttest. On the other hand, training sessions was effective in increasing social adaptive, personal efficacy and prevention of traumas

Investigating the Relationship between Learning Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders

One of the most common disorders refers to learning disorders that seems to create a lifelong effect for individual which is beyond the reading, writing and math, and encompasses areas such as mental health, interpersonal relationships and behavioral manifestation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders. To this end, 1807 elementary students of Karaj city were selected through random sampling, and completed the learning disorders scale of Ali Bahari Ghare Goz (2009). Also, according to the diagnostic scale of DSM-IV students' behavioral disorder were diagnosed. Chi-square test results showed that there is a significant relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity, stubbornness and separation anxiety, and students with learning disabilities are more likely to have behavioral problems. Results of this study can be used by psychologists and school counselors

Investigating the Relationship between Learning Disabilities and Behavioral Disorders

One of the most common disorders refers to learning disorders that seems to create a lifelong effect for individual which is beyond the reading, writing and math, and encompasses areas such as mental health, interpersonal relationships and behavioral manifestation. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders. To this end, 1807 elementary students of Karaj city were selected through random sampling, and completed the learning disorders scale of Ali Bahari Ghare Goz (2009). Also, according to the diagnostic scale of DSM-IV students' behavioral disorder were diagnosed. Chi-square test results showed that there is a significant relationship between learning disabilities and behavioral disorders such as hyperactivity, stubbornness and separation anxiety, and students with learning disabilities are more likely to have behavioral problems. Results of this study can be used by psychologists and school counselors

Evaluating the microbial contamination of some Iranian dried medicinal plants and distillates

Background and aims: In Iran herbal water and dried herb are as traditional medicinal and are consumed widely. Therefore, microbial evaluation of these products in term of public health is important. The aim of the present study was to study the contamination of some dried medical plants and distillates in the groceries of Shahrekord city. Methods: In this descriptive study, 35 samples of herbal waters and 35 samples of 7 species (lavender, lemon balm, valerian, savory, borage, mint and thyme) dried medicinal plant (total samples=70) distributed in Shahrekord during spring to summer of 2012 were purchased and transferred to laboratory. Then, microbial tests such as total aerobic bacterial count mold and yeast count, total coliforms, and detection were evaluated based on national standard of Iran. Results: Contamination to mesophilic bacteria and yeast was observed in the 100 of distilled samples, based on the national standard of Iran. Additionally, none of the medicinal dried plant was contaminated according to the national standard of Iran. Conclusion: According to contamination of all distilled, It is proposed that producers of herbal distillates consider the hygiene conditions, using correct and suitable pasteurization, considering the structural condition of workshop and also appropriate packaging in order to reduce the secondary contamination and increase the quality of the finished product

Educational analysis on the pathology of the Civil Service Management Law with emphasis on the prevailing systemic approach to various areas of human resource management in government organizations in Iran

The purpose of this study is to examine the pathology of the Civil Service Management Law by emphasizing the prevailing systemic approach to various areas of human resource management in government organizations in Iran. The method of this research is descriptive-survey. Statistical samples were selected through quota and judgmental sampling. First, the interview was conducted with a statistical sample and then with the Delphi method of three stages and exploratory factor analysis. The classification of injuries in the Civil Service Law was performed according to the system characteristics in seven categories. The results showed that pathology has been studied in terms of generalization characteristics such as lack of systems, severe bureaucracy and neglect of the environment. This factor can be divided into four categories of recruitment, employment and supply and maintenance of human resources. Other pathologies include ignoring the environment despite extensive communication. According to the results we can said that Civil service management law for various reasons such as inflexibility, uncoordinated subsystems, static, non-dependence and interaction of subsystems, etc. has led to various consequences in the input and output sections of the system in the administrative system of government organizations

Educational analysis on the pathology of the Civil Service Management Law with emphasis on the prevailing systemic approach to various areas of human resource management in government organizations in Iran

The purpose of this study is to examine the pathology of the Civil Service Management Law by emphasizing the prevailing systemic approach to various areas of human resource management in government organizations in Iran. The method of this research is descriptive-survey. Statistical samples were selected through quota and judgmental sampling. First, the interview was conducted with a statistical sample and then with the Delphi method of three stages and exploratory factor analysis. The classification of injuries in the Civil Service Law was performed according to the system characteristics in seven categories. The results showed that pathology has been studied in terms of generalization characteristics such as lack of systems, severe bureaucracy and neglect of the environment. This factor can be divided into four categories of recruitment, employment and supply and maintenance of human resources. Other pathologies include ignoring the environment despite extensive communication. According to the results we can said that Civil service management law for various reasons such as inflexibility, uncoordinated subsystems, static, non-dependence and interaction of subsystems, etc. has led to various consequences in the input and output sections of the system in the administrative system of government organizations