A REVIEW ON NICOTINE FOR HEALTH: INSIGHT FOR “PRO-HEALTH” NICOTINE USAGE

Nicotine is a major chemical of tobacco that makes smokers having difficulties to stop consuming cigarette. That chemical is an alkaloid-based plant and known for one of the major compound of cigarette. Many researches showed the negative side of nicotine. In contrast, a recent study showed the benefits of nicotine. Some researches proved that nicotine has high possibility to improve the depressive behavior both in animal models and human subject. In addition, more research also proved that nicotine has cognitive-enhancing effects, which means it has the ability to improve the function of working memory, episodic memory, attention, and fine motor function. The current review deliberates about the good side and the diversity usage of nicotine, particularly in medicine, as novel therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases

Analisis Kadar Besi, Feritin, dan Transferin pada Ibu Hamil Kurang Energi Kalori

Ibu hamil dengan kurang energi kalori (KEK) merupakan kondisi yang berhubungan antara asupan energi dan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi sebelum dan selama kehamilan. Berdasarkan RISKESDAS (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) tahun 2018 prevalensi perempuan usia subur (15–49 tahun) ibu hamil dan mengalami risiko KEK di Jawa Timur 27,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar serum iron, transferin, dan feritin pada ibu hamil normal dengan ibu hamil KEK pada trimester kedua. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji analitik yang bersifat case control dengan randomisasi terhadap pasien ibu hamil dan ibu hamil dengan kurang energi kalori (KEK) pada Kecamatan Sukomanunggal. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan iron pada hamil normal dengan hamil KEK (101,30 ± 40,155 vs 107,00 ± 33,686) nilai p = 0,710 menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna. Perbedaan feritin pada hamil normal dengan hamil KEK (21,5025 ± 14,40025 vs 26,4558 ± 23,63288) nilai p = 0,542 menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna. Perbedaan transferin pada hamil normal dengan hamil KEK (419,17 ± 86,755 vs 458,83 ± 68,816) nilai p = 0,228 menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna. Ibu hamil dengan kurang energi kalori (KEK) merupakan kondisi yang berhubungan antara asupan energi dan nutrisi yang tidak mencukupi sebelum dan selama kehamilan. Berdasarkan RISKESDAS (Riset Kesehatan Dasar) tahun 2018 prevalensi perempuan usia subur (15–49 tahun) ibu hamil dan mengalami risiko KEK di Jawa Timur 27,6%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan kadar serum iron, transferin, dan feritin pada ibu hamil normal dengan ibu hamil KEK pada trimester kedua. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji analitik yang bersifat case control dengan randomisasi terhadap pasien ibu hamil dan ibu hamil dengan kurang energi kalori (KEK) pada Kecamatan Sukomanunggal. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perbedaan iron pada hamil normal dengan hamil KEK (101,30 ± 40,155 vs 107,00 ± 33,686) nilai p = 0,710 menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna. Perbedaan feritin pada hamil normal dengan hamil KEK (21,5025 ± 14,40025 vs 26,4558 ± 23,63288) nilai p = 0,542 menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna. Perbedaan transferin pada hamil normal dengan hamil KEK (419,17 ± 86,755 vs 458,83 ± 68,816) nilai p = 0,228 menunjukkan perbedaan tidak bermakna.

Empowering The Role Of Parents And Teachers In Surabaya Baptist Christian Elementary School

Mencetak sumber daya manusia yang handal harus dilakukan sedini mungkin pada semua tahap kehidupan, termasuk masa anak khususnya kelas 4 – 6 sekolah dasar. Pada usia tersebut termasuk kelompok pra puber, masa yang penuh tantangan (storm and stress), yang jika dikelola dengan benar maka dampak pada masa depannya akan baik. Pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan fokus pada murid kelas 4-6 sekolah dasar Kristen baptis Surabaya, dilakukan dengan target aspek pengetahuan dan praktek perbaikan gizi, serta peningkatan pengetahuan guru tentang sex education masa pra-puber. Peningkatan pengetahuan orang-tua murid dan guru, dilakukan dengan seminar dan diskusi. Praktek gizi sehat disiapkan oleh orang-tua murid, untuk selanjutnya menu yang sudah dinilai, dikonsumsi bersama seluruh murid. Hasil kegiatan yaitu data indeks masa tubuh murid, peningkatan pengetahuan orang-tua dan guru tentang gizi sehat dan seksualitas untuk anak pra-puber, peningkatan konsumsi makanan sehat bergizi. Juga pengalaman penggunaan on-line education saat diskusi merupakan pengalaman yang baik, untuk kemudian para guru lebih akrab dengan teknologi

Analysis of sample rejection at newly established pathology laboratory of the International Islamic University Malaysia Medical Centre (IIUMMC)

Introduction: Erroneous laboratory results due to pre-analytical errors may significantly affect patient’s safety and care. In diagnostic laboratory practice, stringent rejection criteria are therefore necessary. On the other hand, sample rejection may delay the turnaround time and decision for patient care. Inexperience staff combined with unfamiliarity with new hospital setting may contribute to escalate the pre-analytical errors. This is one of the challenges faced by our new hospital. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rate, type, cause and time of sample rejections at our laboratory since its operation in October 2016. Material & Methods: All samples received at the common specimen receiving counter, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, IIUMMC were included. The records of sample rejection were retrieved from the Laboratory Information System and analysed. Results: A total number of 1419 samples were received from October 2016 to March 2017, with 54 rejections (3.8%). The rate of sample rejection showed an upward trend each month (0%, 0%, 2.4%, 2.6%, 3.6% and 5.18% respectively from October 2016 to March 2017). Chemistry profiles and coagulation studies were among the commonest types of samples rejected (37% and 22.2% of the rejected samples respectively). Haemolysed sample was found to be the commonest cause of rejection (44.4%), followed by insufficient samples (35.2%). Most of the samples were rejected during morning working hours from 8.00am – 1.00pm (61.1%). Conclusion: The increasing rejection rate in our newly established Pathology laboratory warrants further investigation and improvement on proper sample collection and handling

Corelation of Giving Dha (Docosahexaenoic Acid) Supplements to Underweight Pregnant Women On Hba1c

<p><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> Pregnancy is a physiological process in which the fetus develops in the body.<span>  </span>Where underweight pregnancies are those with a Body Mass Index of <18.5kg/m<sup>2</sup>.<span>  </span>In pregnant women there will be many changes in the systems in the body.<span>  </span>Apart from that, pregnant women need sufficient nutrition to consume.<span>  </span>Nutritional status in the body can be obtained and obtained from food intake, and apart from food intake, pregnant women also need additional nutrition in the form of macronutrients and micronutrients such as omega 3 fatty acids, namely DHA. This research aims to find out whether there is an influence<span>  </span>between HbA1c and DHA administration to pregnant women.<span>  </span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Method:</span></strong><span> This research uses an experimental type of research with a cohort research design, using one group pretest-posttest. By providing treatment to pregnant women at community health centers who meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria.<span>  </span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Results:</span></strong><span> Underweight pregnant women who were researched at the Made Surabaya Community Health Center with an age range of 21 to 36 years and a Body Mass Index ranging from 17.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup> to 18.80 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> were given supplementation in the form of DHA in this study. (Docosahexanoid acid) for one full month to be consumed by pregnant women.<span>  </span></span></p> <p><strong><span>Conclusion:</span></strong><span> this study was that there was a decrease in HbA1c levels in underweight pregnant women</span></p&gt

Nephroprotective effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii L. Spreng in vivo.

The leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (curry leaf) is widely use a nephroprotective agent in Kidney's infirmities among diabetics by the traditional practitioners in Malaysia. However, the latter role of curry leaf has been grossly under reported and is yet to receive proper scientific evaluation. The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of the leaves of M. koenigii (L.) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional practitioners in the treatment of kidney frailties in diabetics. Aqueous (AQ) extract of the leaves of M. koenigii (L.) was administered to both normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male rats (Spraque Dawley strain). Animals were divided into six groups (n=6) and treated with variable dose levels of AQ extract (200&400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, animals were sacrificed, blood and collected, processed and stored at -70*C for the estimation of serum urea and creatinine, changes in plasma antioxidant capacity by FRAP assay, and lipid peroxidation, in the normal and STZ induced diabetic rats. Histological studies of the Kidneys of these animals were also studied by light microscopy to determine the beneficial effect of leaves. Daily oral administration of variable dose levels of the AQ extract for 30 days, produced significant dose dependant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels (p<0.001) as well as in the elevated lipid hydroperoxides (p<0.05) in diabetic treated rats compared to the control (non-diabetic) subjects. It also markedly improved plasma antioxidant concentration (p<0.01) in both normal and treated diabetic rats, respectively. However, the normal treated rats showed minimal variation in these parameters in comparison to normal controls. Histological studies of the kidneys of these animals explicitly showed comparable tissue regeneration by the AQ extract. Conclusion: The results of our study scientifically support the traditional belief for using the leaves of M. koenigii (L.) in the treatment of pain disorders related to renal impairments among diabetics

Effects of Murraya koenigii leaves on glucose level, kidney and islets of langerhans in streptozocin induced diabetes in rats

In the present study, in addition to 30 days antihyperglycaemic effect of curry leaves of Murraya koenigii "MK" aqueous leaf extract, we also examined its possible effects on the Islets of Langerhans and nephro-protective potential in Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats received a single dose of STZ (70 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to induce experimental diabetes. Rats were randomized into five groups (n=6) of normal control, diabetic control (non-treated), and diabetic treated with MK aqueous leaf extract. The fresh leaves of MK was extracted with distilled water and freeze-dried to powder. Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored gravimetrically. The animals were killed on the 30th day, kidney and the pancreatic tissues were harvested, and the tissue specimens were fixed in 10% formal saline for 48hrs, and processed for histological studies. Diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract showed significant (p < 0.001) improvement in blood glucose levels and body weight gain. The MK extract also showed improvements in tissue injury induced by STZ. Thus, these findings highlighted the beneficial effects of curry leaf aqueous extract against STZ induced cellular damage and may exert anti-hyperglycemic action and regeneration of kidney and islet cell induced in diabetic rats

Beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (Rutaceae) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Murraya koenigii (Linn.) Spreng (curry leaf) is widely used as a nephroprotective agent in kidney’s infirmities among diabetics by the traditional practitioners in Malaysia. However, the latter role of curry leaf has been grossly under reported and is yet to receive proper scientific evaluation. Aim of the study: The present study was designed to investigate the beneficial effect of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) on diabetes-induced renal damage in vivo with regard to prove its efficacy by local traditional practitioners in the treatment of kidney frailties in diabetics. Materials and methods: Aqueous (AQ) extract of the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) was administered to both normal and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male rats (Sprague–Dawley strain). Animals were divided into six groups (n = 6) and treated with variable dose levels ofAQextract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 30 days. At the end of 30 days, animals were sacrificed, blood was collected, processed and stored at −70 ◦C for the zestimation of serum urea and creatinine, changes in plasma antioxidant capacity by FRAP assay, and glutathione peroxidase levels, in the normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Histological changes of the kidneys of these animals were also evaluated by light microscopy to determine the beneficial effect of the leaves. Results: Daily oral administration of variable dose levels of theAQextract for 30 days, produced significant dose dependant decrease in serum urea and creatinine levels (p < 0.001), and marked increase in the levels of plasma antioxidant capacity (p < 0.01) in diabetic treated rats, compared to the control (nondiabetic) subjects. However, the normal treated rats showed minimal variation in these parameters in comparison to normal controls. Histological studies of the kidneys of these animals showed comparable tissue regeneration by the AQ extract. Conclusion: The results of our study scientifically support the traditional belief for using the leaves of Murraya koenigii (Linn.) as adjuvant, in the treatment of pain disorders related to renal impairments among diabetics

The antidiabetic activity of curry leaves “Murraya koenigii” on the glucose levels, kidneys, and islets of langerhans of rats with streptozotocin induced diabetes

Background: The aims of this study were to explore the antihyperglycemic effect of curry leaves, Murraya koenigii “MK” aqueous extract, and to examine its possible protective effects on the islets of Langerhans and kidneys of streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Methods: Thirty healthy adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomized into five groups (n=6); normal control, normal treated with “MK” control, diabetic control (non-treated with “MK”), diabetic treated with 200 mg/kg MK aqueous leaf extract and diabetic treated with 400 mg/kg MK aqueous leaf extract. Blood glucose levels and body weight were monitored gravimetrically. The animals were sacrificed on the 30th day; the kidney and pancreatic tissues were processed for histological studies. Results: The diabetic group showed considerable loss of body weight and increase in blood glucose levels and degeneration of the glomeruli and renal convoluted tubules and atrophied islets with disintegration of β-cells. Treatment of diabetic rats with MK extract showed significant (p < 0.001) improvement in blood glucose levels and body weight gain. The MK extract also caused an improvement in tissue injury induced by STZ injection in the kidney and islets of Langerhans. Conclusions: These findings highlighted the beneficial effects of MK aqueous extract against cellular oxidative damage in STZ-induced diabetic rats