THE RELATIONSHIP OF BMI WITH THE MENSTRUAL CYCLE IN KRIDA WACANA CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY STUDENTS FOR THE PERIOD OF MARCH – JULY 2022

Body mass index (BMI) data from RISKESDAS shows that many women of childbearing age in Indonesia experience BMI problems and there are also several studies showing a significant relationship between BMI and the menstrual cycle. FKIK UKRIDA students with analytic research type and crosssectional design. From the data collection, there were 86 subjects from affordable populations who had been filtered according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria and the distribution of BMI data with menstrual cycles, namely there were no thin and normal BMI subjects who had oligomenorrhea, while the fat ones who experienced oligomenorrhea were 1.2%, for thin BMI with normal menstrual cycles there were 16.3%, normal BMI with normal menstrual cycles were 52.3%, and obese BMI with normal menstrual cycles were 24.4%. Meanwhile, thin BMI with polymenorrhea was 1.2% and there were no normal BMI subjects who had polymenorrhea, but in obese BMI with polymenorrhea there was 4.7%, in data analysis using Fisher's test there was P value = 0.010. Conclusion: there is a significant relationship between BMI and the menstrual cycle of FKIK UKRIDA students with P value = 0.010.Data indeks massa tubuh (IMT) dari RISKESDAS menunjukkan banyak perempuan usia subur di Indonesia yang mengalami masalah IMT dan terdapat juga beberapa penelitian yang menunjukkan adanya hubungan bermakna antara IMT dengan siklus menstruasi, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan IMT dengan siklus menstruasi pada mahasiswi FKIK UKRIDA dengan jenis penelitian analitik dan desain cross sectional. Dari pengumpulan data terdapat 86 subjek dari populasi terjangkau yang telah disaring sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan berikut distribusi data IMT dengan siklus menstruasi yaitu tidak ada subjek IMT kurus dan normal yang mengalami oligomenorea sedangkan gemuk yang mengalami oligomenorea terdapat 1,2%, untuk IMT kurus dengan siklus menstruasi normal terdapat 16,3%, IMT normal dengan siklus menstruasi normal terdapat 52,3%, dan IMT gemuk dengan siklus mestruasi normal terdapat 24,4%. Sedangkan IMT kurus dengan polimenorea terdapat 1,2% dan tidak terdapat subjek IMT normal yang mengalami polimenorea tetapi pada IMT gemuk dengan polimenorea terdapat 4,7%, pada analisis data menggunakan uji fisher terdapat nilai P= 0,010. Kesimpulan : terdapat hubungan yang bermakna dari IMT dengan siklus menstruasi mahasiswi FKIK UKRIDA dengan nilai P= 0,010

Perbandingan Computer Vision Syndrome pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran yang Melakukan Diet Vegetarian dan Non-Vegetarian

Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) adalah kumpulan gejala pada mata dan penglihatan akibat penggunaan perangkat digital dalam jangka panjang. Pada saat ini berbagai pola diet yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dapat berpengaruh terhadap fungsi penglihatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diet terhadap CVS pada mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta (FKUPNVJ). Penelitian menggunakan desain case-control. Data diambil dari 20 mahasiswa vegetarian dan 20 mahasiswa non-vegetarian menggunakan Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan uji t independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 24 dari 40 (60%) subjek mengalami CVS. Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik demografi, durasi penggunaan gawai, dan perilaku penggunaan komputer antara kelompok vegetarian dan kelompok non-vegetarian (p > 0,05). Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan kejadian CVS pada kedua kelompok tersebut (p = 0,333). Diet vegetarian berisiko untuk mengalami gejala CVS mata berair (p = 0,027; OR = 5,444; CI = 1,408 - 21,054) dan nyeri kepala (p = 0,009; OR = 8,500; CI = 1,861 - 38,817) dibandingkan dengan diet non-vegetarian. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menganalisis asupan nutrien antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian serta mengidentifikasi pengaruhnya terhadap CVS pada mahasiswa.Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) adalah kumpulan gejala pada mata dan penglihatan akibat penggunaan perangkat digital dalam jangka panjang. Pada saat ini berbagai pola diet yang dilakukan oleh mahasiswa dapat berpengaruh terhadap fungsi penglihatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh diet terhadap CVS pada mahasiswa kedokteran Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakarta (FKUPNVJ). Penelitian menggunakan desain case-control. Data diambil dari 20 mahasiswa vegetarian dan 20 mahasiswa non-vegetarian menggunakan Computer Vision Syndrome Questionnaire. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Chi-square dan uji t independen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 24 dari 40 (60%) subjek mengalami CVS. Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik demografi, durasi penggunaan gawai, dan perilaku penggunaan komputer antara kelompok vegetarian dan kelompok non-vegetarian (p > 0,05). Hasil uji Chi-square menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan kejadian CVS pada kedua kelompok tersebut (p = 0,333). Diet vegetarian berisiko untuk mengalami gejala CVS mata berair (p = 0,027; OR = 5,444; CI = 1,408 - 21,054) dan nyeri kepala (p = 0,009; OR = 8,500; CI = 1,861 - 38,817) dibandingkan dengan diet non-vegetarian. Diperlukan penelitian lanjutan untuk menganalisis asupan nutrien antara vegetarian dan non-vegetarian serta mengidentifikasi pengaruhnya terhadap CVS pada mahasiswa

Tinea Corporis Therapy

Tinea corporis is one of the skin diseases caused by dermatophyte fungi and is a fairly common disease caused by Trichophyton species. Tinea corporis mainly occurs in tropical countries or regions such as Southeast Asia and North America. Patients with tinea corporis usually have high activities and actively sweat. Tinea corporis has typical symptoms, i.e. the presence of patches of erythematous plaque that are circumscribed, round or oval shapes, and common predilection in the body trunk. Therapy of tinea corporis disease can use topical antifungals such as clotrimazole, ketoconazole, miconazole, naphthyline, and terbinafine. In cases of systemic infection, oral antifungals such as terbinafine, itraconazole, fluconazole, and griseofulvin can be drugs of choice. Appropriate treatment of tinea corporis gives a good prognosis and prevents resistance and recurrence

Hubungan Antara Vulva Hygiene Dan Penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim dengan Keputihan pada Wanita Usia Subur

Pathological vaginal discharge is an abnormal disorder that often occurs in women of childbearing age and is characterized by a white discharge with a thick, white-yellow or white-greenish consistency, sometimes accompanied by an unpleasant odor and itching, often caused by several problems such as vulvovaginal infections. This happens because the composition of the vaginal microflora changes, which is influenced by internal factors (age, hormonal changes during menarche, menstruation, and pregnancy) and external factors (hygiene practices, sexual relations, and contraceptive use). The purpose of this article is to look at the relationship between vulva hygiene and intrauterine contraceptives with the incidence of vaginal discharge in women of childbearing age. The data was searched using Google Scholar and PubMed and found 8 articles that met the criteria. Various risk factors that affect the occurrence of vaginal discharge due to the use of non-hormonal intrauterine contraceptive devices that occur in women of childbearing age and through good vulvar hygiene behavior, can reduce the risk of physiological and pathological vaginal discharge. Based on the analysis conducted, it was concluded that there is a relationship between vulva hygiene and the use of intrauterine contraceptive devices with vaginal discharge in women of childbearing ageKeputihan patologis merupakan gangguan abnormal yang sering terjadi pada wanita usia subur dan ditandai adanya cairan berwarna putih dengan konsistensi pekat, putih-kekuningan atau putih-kehijauan, terkadang disertai bau tidak sedap dan gatal, seringkali disebabkan beberapa masalah seperti infeksi vulvovaginal. Hal ini terjadi karena komposisi mikroflora vagina berubah, yang dipengaruhi oleh  faktor internal (usia, perubahan hormonal selama menarche, menstruasi, dan kehamilan) dan faktor eksternal (praktik kebersihan, hubungan seksual, dan penggunaan kontrasepsi). Tujuan artikel ini untuk melihat hubungan vulva hygiene dan alat kontrasepsi dalam Rahim dengan kejadian keputihan pada wanita usia subur. Data dicari menggunakan google scholar dan pubmed didapatkan 8 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria. Berbagai faktor risiko yang mempengaruhi terjadinya keputihan akibat penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim non hormonal yang terjadi pada wanita usia subur dan melalui perilaku vulva hygiene yang baik, dapat mengurangi risiko terjadinya keputihan fisiologis maupun patologis. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara vulva hygiene dan penggunaan Alat Kontrasepsi Dalam Rahim dengan keputihan pada wanita usia subur

Pengaruh Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Capital Intensity terhadap Tarif Pajak Efektif

This research is a quantitative research which aims to fnd out how the influence of manajerial ownership and capital intensity on effective tax rate in coal mining sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2016-2020. This study uses secondary data and data analysis used panel data regression. The simultaneous test results show the results all of independent variable have a signifcant effect on effective tax rate. The results of panel data regression annalysis show that partially manajerial ownership have not effect on effective tax rate and for variables of capital intensity have a negative and signifcant effect on tax aggressiveness. Keywords: manajerial ownership, capital intensit

An Overview of the Level of Temporary Hearing Loss or Temporary Threshold Shifts (Temporary Deafness) in Workers of PT. X Undergoing a Standard Threshold Shift (STS)

Noise is unwanted sound or sound that interferes with hearing originating from work tools or production process equipment at a certain level that can cause hearing loss, can come from the textile factory industry, milling factory, iron and steel industry and most commonly in places aircraft maintenance. The data taken at the company uses medical record data with a sampling method using the full population, the data is sent in the form of a Microsoft excel file via WhatsApp media which has been adjusted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample obtained was 177 respondents. The results between the independent variables were age, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), history of ear disease, otitis media and tinnitus, family history of hearing loss, hypertension, length of work in a day, duration of exposure or working period, history of earphone use, history of drug use. ototoxic drugs and the dependent variable standard threshold shift (STS) found that age has a significant relationship with Standard Threshold Shift with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) while personal protective equipment (PPE), history of hypertension, period duration of exposure, department, in this study there was no significant relationship with Standard Threshold Shift (STS), with p-value (p>0.05).Noise is unwanted sound or sound that interferes with hearing originating from work tools or production process equipment at a certain level that can cause hearing loss, can come from the textile factory industry, milling factory, iron and steel industry and most commonly in places aircraft maintenance. The data taken at the company uses medical record data with a sampling method using the full population, the data is sent in the form of a Microsoft excel file via WhatsApp media which has been adjusted to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The sample obtained was 177 respondents. The results between the independent variables were age, use of personal protective equipment (PPE), history of ear disease, otitis media and tinnitus, family history of hearing loss, hypertension, length of work in a day, duration of exposure or working period, history of earphone use, history of drug use. ototoxic drugs and the dependent variable standard threshold shift (STS) found that age has a significant relationship with Standard Threshold Shift with a p-value of 0.000 (p<0.05) while personal protective equipment (PPE), history of hypertension, period duration of exposure, department, in this study there was no significant relationship with Standard Threshold Shift (STS), with p-value (p>0.05)

Hubungan Kadar Vitamin D dengan Kasus Preeklamsia pada Kehamilan

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy disorder with serious complications marked by hypertension and proteinuria finding. Vitamin D deficiency is one of the risk factors of preeclampsia with a prevalence of 18-84% worldwide. The objective of this literature review is to determine the relationship between vitamin D levels in with occurrence of preeclampsia in pregnancy. The database that were used was PubMed with “Preeclampsia”, “Level'', and “Vitamin D” as keywords. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in choosing journals that are used. The results of this paper indicates that patient with 25(OH)D serum levels below 30 ng/mL are more at risk of experiencing preeclampsia. This literature review indicates that there is a correlation between vitamin D levels and preeclampsia. Vitamin D supplementation is recommended as one or other ways to prevent preeclampsia. Nonetheless, is no research proving that consuming vitamin D supplement during pregnancy regularly and consistently can significantly increase 25(OH)D serum levels status. The optimal levels of vitamin D serum before pregnancy can minimalize the risk of preeclampsia. Further research is needed to inspect the dose of vitamin D supplementation that is effective to reduce preeclampsia incidence.Preeklamsia adalah gangguan kehamilan dengan komplikasi serius yang ditandai dengan hipertensi dan proteinuria. Defisiensi vitamin D merupakan salah satu faktor risiko preeklamsia dengan prevalensi 18-84% di seluruh dunia. Literature review ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar vitamin D dengan kasus preeklamsia pada kehamilan. Database yang digunakan adalah PubMed dengan kata kunci “Pre-eclampsia”, “Level”, dan “Vitamin D”. Kriteria inklusi dan kriteria eksklusi diterapkan dalam memilih jurnal yang akan digunakan. Hasil penulisan ini menunjukan bahwa pasien dengan kadar serum 25(OH)D di bawah 30 ng/mL memiliki risiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami preeklamsia. Dalam literature review ini, ditemukan hubungan antara kadar vitamin D dengan kasus preeklamsia. Pemberian suplemen vitamin D direkomendasikan sebagai salah satu pencegahan preeklamsia. Belum ditemukan penelitian yang dapat membuktikan bahwa pemberian suplemen vitamin D secara teratur dan konsisten saat kehamilan dapat memperbaiki status kadar serum 25(OH)D. Kadar serum 25(OH)D yang optimal sebelum kehamilan dapat meminimalisir risiko preeklamsia. Penelitian lebih lanjut dibutuhkan untuk meneliti dosis suplemen vitamin D yang efektif untuk mengurangi kemungkinan preeklamsia

Variasi Arteri Subscapularis : Studi Literatur

Arteri subscapularis merupakan salah satu arteri yang berlokasi di ekstremitas superior, di sisi posterior dinding toraks. Pembuluh A. subscapularis merupakan cabang besar dari A. axillaris yang berfungsi untuk mengalirkan darah ke kulit dan otot. Variasi pada A. subscapularis memiliki makna penting karena berbagai operasi ortopedi yang melibatkan bahu. Variasi ini dapat menyebabkan risiko kesalahan dalam operasi, yang dapat mengancam ekstremitas. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan memberikan pemahaman mengenai variasi anatomis A. subscapularis. Metode pencarian jurnal dilakukan pada database jurnal elektronik  PubMed, ScienceDirect, Cochrane, dan Google Scholar. Studi ini menggunakan 12 literatur sebagai dasar penulisan mengenai variasi A. subscapularis. Berbagai variasi A. subscapularis adalah sebagai berikut. A. subscapularis mempercabangkan A. circumflexa humeri anterior et posterior, dan A. thoracica lateralis selain mempercabangkan arteri yang secara klasik, yaitu A.circumflexa scapulae dan A. thoracodorsalis. Selain itu, A. subscapularis yang biasa berasal dari segmen ketiga atau distal A. axillaris juga ditemukan variasinya yang berasal dari segmen kedua A. axillaris atau hasil percabangan dari A.thoracica lateralis

Effectiveness of Spironolactone for Acne Vulgaris

Acne vulgaris is a skin disease that attacks pilosebaceous follicles which can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesion. One of the important factors causing acne vulgaris is androgen hormone. One of the hormonal therapies that can be given for acne vulgaris is spironolactone which has a function as an antiandrogen. The purpose of writing this literature review is to determine the effectiveness, mode of action, indications, contraindications, and side effects of spironolactone in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The method in making this final project is Literature Review. Literature searches were obtained using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, International Journal of Women's Dermatology, and NCBI. The keywords used were spironolactone, hormonal therapy, acne vulgaris, effectiveness of spironolactone for acne vulgaris. There are 10 supporting journals based on the suitability of topics in the last 10 years. The results showed that the administration of spironolactone for acne vulgaris proved to be effective with an average dose of 50-100 mg/day which resulted in 70-90% clinical improvement and caused minimal side effects. Spironolactone has good effectiveness and tolerability for alternative therapy of acne vulgaris in adult women and for patients who do not respond well to conventional therapy.Acne vulgaris is a skin disease that attacks pilosebaceous follicles which can be either inflammatory or non-inflammatory lesion. One of the important factors causing acne vulgaris is androgen hormone. One of the hormonal therapies that can be given for acne vulgaris is spironolactone which has a function as an antiandrogen. The purpose of writing this literature review is to determine the effectiveness, mode of action, indications, contraindications, and side effects of spironolactone in the treatment of acne vulgaris. The method in making this final project is Literature Review. Literature searches were obtained using electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Proquest, International Journal of Women's Dermatology, and NCBI. The keywords used were spironolactone, hormonal therapy, acne vulgaris, effectiveness of spironolactone for acne vulgaris. There are 10 supporting journals based on the suitability of topics in the last 10 years. The results showed that the administration of spironolactone for acne vulgaris proved to be effective with an average dose of 50-100 mg/day which resulted in 70-90% clinical improvement and caused minimal side effects. Spironolactone has good effectiveness and tolerability for alternative therapy of acne vulgaris in adult women and for patients who do not respond well to conventional therapy

Manfaat Pemeriksaan Biomarker B-Rapidly Accelerated Fibrosarcoma (BRAF) pada Pasien Preoperatif dengan Kanker Tiroid

Thyroid cancer is the most common cancer of the endocrine system. In the detection of thyroid cancer, the gold standard examination is using fine-needle aspiration (FNA), where the cytology results are used in 60% - 80% of cases. FNA examination performed preoperatively determine the initial management of thyroid cancer. However, the FNA technique is limited by insufficient samples in about 2% - 20% of cases and about 10% - 30% of FNA results are classified as indeterminate (ITN) in the Bethesda system. Therefore, molecular tests such as BRAF biomarker screening are expected to help improve the detection of cases in this category. Methods: A literature search conducted from 4 databases (PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) published in the last 10 years with the keywords "preoperative", "braf" or "braf kinases", and "thyroid cancer". Results: Ten studies with total of 11,239 specimens classified in Bethesda III - VI showed increased sensitivity of 34.8% - 96.62% in the combination of FNA and BRAF techniques. Conclusion: The combination of preoperative FNA and BRAF examination increase sensitivity and help in the initial management of thyroid cancer in ITN or Bethesda III and IV group thyroid nodules in the detection of malignancy in the thyroid.Kanker tiroid merupakan kanker paling umum pada sistem endokrin. Dalam pendeteksian kanker tiroid, pemeriksaan standar emasnya adalah menggunakan fine-needle aspiration (FNA), dimana hasil sitologinya digunakan pada 60% - 80% kasus. Pemeriksaan FNA dilakukan secara preoperatif untuk menentukan manajemen inisial dari kanker tiroid. Namun, teknik FNA dibatasi oleh sampel yang tidak mencukupi pada sekitar 2% - 20% kasus dan sekitar 10% - 30% hasil dari FNA diklasifikasikan sebagai indeterminate (ITN) pada sistem Bethesda. Karena itu, uji molekular seperti pemeriksaan biomarker BRAF diharapkan dapat membantu meningkatkan pendeteksian kasus pada kategori tersebut. Metode: Dilakukan pencarian literatur dari 4 database (PubMed, ProQuest, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar) yang dipublikasi dalam 10 tahun terakhir dengan kata kunci “preoperative”, “braf” atau “braf kinases”, dan “thyroid cancer”. Hasil: Sepuluh studi dengan total 11.239 spesimen yang diklasifikasikan dalam Bethesda III – VI menunjukkan peningkatan sensitivitas yaitu sebesar yaitu 34,8% - 96,62% pada kombinasi teknik FNA dan BRAF. Kesimpulan: Kombinasi pemeriksaan preoperatif FNA dan BRAF mampu meningkatkan sensitivitas serta membantu dalam manajemen inisial kanker tiroid pada nodul tiroid grup ITN atau Bethesda III dan IV dalam pendeteksian keganasan pada tiroid