Implementing the semi-structured interview Kiddie-SADS-PL into an in-patient adolescent clinical setting: impact on frequency of diagnoses

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Research is needed to establish the utility of diagnostic interviews in clinical settings. Studies comparing clinical diagnoses with diagnoses generated with structured instruments show generally low or moderate agreement and clinical diagnostic assignment (e.g. admission or chart diagnoses) are often considered to underdiagnose disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of implementing the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children – Present and Lifetime Version (Kiddie-SADS-PL) into an in-patient adolescent clinical setting.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Participants were all adolescents admitted through the years 2001–2004 (<it>N </it>= 333 admissions, age 12–17 years). The authors reviewed the charts of the previous three years of consecutive admissions, patients being evaluated using routine psychiatric evaluation, before the Kiddie-SADS-PL was introduced. They then reviewed the charts of all consecutive admissions during the next twelve months, patients being evaluated by adding the instrument to routine practice.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The rates of several main diagnostic categories (depressive, anxiety, bipolar and disruptive disorders) increased considerably, suggesting that those disorders were likely underreported when using non-structured routine assessment procedures. The rate of co-morbidity increased markedly as the number of diagnoses assigned to each patient increased.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The major differences in diagnostic assignment rates provide arguments for the utility of diagnostic interviews in inpatient clinical settings but need further research, especially on factors that affect clinical diagnostic assignment in "real world" settings.</p

The Variation Management Framework (VMF) for Robust Design

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Education stategies in european context: a survey of teaching learning approaches, tools and assessment among physiotherapy teachers

Background: The context of education in the health professions has been influenced by the same tendencies of development of knowledge and technology that society faces. It is therefore important that educational institutions are capable of promoting an evolutionary profile of professionals that is adapted to the needs of the future society. Purpose: One of the aims of the European Network of Physioth erapy in Higher Education (ENPHE) is to bring together and enhance collaboration between european institutes and physiotherapy educational institutions in the european region in order to encourage and support standards of high quality education in physiotherapy in accordance with the recommendations of the World Confederation for Physical Therapy (WCPT and ER-WCPT). Methods: In the context of the ENPHE group “Facilitation of Learning” and based on the literature, an online questionnaire was constructed regarding teaching approaches. After a pilot study within 5 institutions, the final version of the survey was disseminated during the ENPHE 2018 seminar. Results: We h ad 143 survey responses from 19 countrys, most of the respondents were fulltime lecturers (54%) at Bachelor´s level (89%). The responses indicated that the most commonly used Learning. Approaches included, Problem Solving (86%) and Content Focus activities (83%) using mainly lectures (78%) and practical training in class (83%) and the most popular tools used were aimed to facilitate retrieving, recalling or recognising knowledge (97%), using written (86%) and/or practical examination (77%) as assessment strategies. Conclusion(s): The results still reflect a classic approach to teaching and learning as shown by the selection of approaches, tools and assessment strategies. Implications: The results have provided some insight and also could guide the ENPHE in devising strategies to facilitate the use of more student inclusive and active learning strategies in Physiotherapy education.N/

Mapping education strategies in european context: a survey of teaching-learning approaches, tools and assessment among ENPHE members

Purpose The context of education in the health professions has been influenced by the same tendencies of development of knowledge and technology that society faces. It is therefore important that educational institutions are capable of promoting an evolutionary profile of professionals that is adapted to the needs of the future society. Subjects Lecturers from Higher education institutions belonging to the ENPHE Network Material / Methods In the context of the ENPHE group “Facilitation of Learning” and based on the literature, an online questionnaire was constructed regarding teaching approaches. After a pilot study within 5 institutions, the final version of the survey was disseminated during the ENPHE 2018 seminar and until July 2018 by email. Results We had 143 survey responses from 19 country's, most of the respondents were fulltime lecturers (54%) at Bachelor´s level (89%). The responses indicated that the most commonly used Learning Approaches included, Problem Solving (86%) and Content Focus activities (83%) using mainly lectures (78%) and practical training in class (83%) and the most popular tools used were aimed to facilitate retrieving, recalling or recognizing knowledge (97%), The use written (86%) and/or practical examination (77%) as assessment strategies. Conclusions The results still reflect a classic approach to teaching and learning as shown by the selection of approaches, tools and assessment strategies. Educational relevance. The results have provided some insight and also could guide ENPHE devising strategies to facilitate the use of more student inclusive and active learning strategies in Physiotherapy education.N/

Sialidase Inhibitors with Different Mechanisms

Sialidases, or neuraminidases, are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of sialic acid (Sia)-containing molecules, mostly removal of the terminal Sia (desialylation). By desialylation, sialidase can modulate the functionality of the target compound and is thus often involved in biological pathways. Inhibition of sialidases with inhibitors is an important approach for under-standing sialidase function and the underlying mechanisms and could serve as a therapeutic approach as well. Transition-state analogues, such as anti-influenza drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir, are major sialidase inhibitors. In addition, difluoro-sialic acids were developed as mechanism-based sialidase inhibitors. Further, fluorinated quinone methide-based suicide substrates were reported. Sialidase product analogue inhibitors were also explored. Finally, natural products have shown competitive inhibiton against viral, bacterial, and human sialidases. This Perspective describes sialidase inhibitors with different mechanisms and their activities and future potential, which include transition-state analogue inhibitors, mechanism-based inhibitors, suicide substrate inhibitors, product analogue inhibitors, and natural product inhibitors

Germline sequence variants in TGM3 and RGS22 confer risk of basal cell carcinoma.

To access publisher's full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links field.To search for new sequence variants that confer risk of cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC), we conducted a genome-wide association study of 38.5 million single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and small indels identified through whole-genome sequencing of 2230 Icelanders. We imputed genotypes for 4208 BCC patients and 109 408 controls using Illumina SNP chip typing data, carried out association tests and replicated the findings in independent population samples. We found new BCC susceptibility loci at TGM3 (rs214782[G], P = 5.5 × 10(-17), OR = 1.29) and RGS22 (rs7006527[C], P = 8.7 × 10(-13), OR = 0.77). TGM3 encodes transglutaminase type 3, which plays a key role in production of the cornified envelope during epidermal differentiation.Red Tematica de Investigacion Cooperative en Cancer RD06/0020/1054 Danish Cancer Society "Europe Against Cancer": European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) deCODE Genetics/AMGE

New genetic loci implicated in fasting glucose homeostasis and their impact on type 2 diabetes risk.

Levels of circulating glucose are tightly regulated. To identify new loci influencing glycemic traits, we performed meta-analyses of 21 genome-wide association studies informative for fasting glucose, fasting insulin and indices of beta-cell function (HOMA-B) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in up to 46,186 nondiabetic participants. Follow-up of 25 loci in up to 76,558 additional subjects identified 16 loci associated with fasting glucose and HOMA-B and two loci associated with fasting insulin and HOMA-IR. These include nine loci newly associated with fasting glucose (in or near ADCY5, MADD, ADRA2A, CRY2, FADS1, GLIS3, SLC2A2, PROX1 and C2CD4B) and one influencing fasting insulin and HOMA-IR (near IGF1). We also demonstrated association of ADCY5, PROX1, GCK, GCKR and DGKB-TMEM195 with type 2 diabetes. Within these loci, likely biological candidate genes influence signal transduction, cell proliferation, development, glucose-sensing and circadian regulation. Our results demonstrate that genetic studies of glycemic traits can identify type 2 diabetes risk loci, as well as loci containing gene variants that are associated with a modest elevation in glucose levels but are not associated with overt diabetes

Refining the impact of TCF7L2 gene variants on type 2 diabetes and adaptive evolution

To access publisher full text version of this article. Please click on the hyperlink in Additional Links fieldWe recently described an association between risk of type 2diabetes and variants in the transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2; formerly TCF4), with a population attributable risk (PAR) of 17%-28% in three populations of European ancestry. Here, we refine the definition of the TCF7L2 type 2diabetes risk variant, HapB(T2D), to the ancestral T allele of a SNP, rs7903146, through replication in West African and Danish type 2 diabetes case-control studies and an expanded Icelandic study. We also identify another variant of the same gene, HapA, that shows evidence of positive selection in East Asian, European and West African populations. Notably, HapA shows a suggestive association with body mass index and altered concentrations of the hunger-satiety hormones ghrelin and leptin in males, indicating that the selective advantage of HapA may have been mediated through effects on energy metabolism