SERUM VITAMIN E, C AND A LEVEL IN LUNG CANCER: A CASE CONTROL STUDY

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, causing approximately 1.2 million deaths per year. Lung cancer is prevalent in smokers. It is documented that smoking induces oxidative stress, which is thought to be associated with the aetiology of carcinogenesis. A case control cross sectional study was conducted on sixty lung cancer patients and sixty smokers as cohort control. Serum levels of antioxidant vitamin E, C and A among the case and control subjects were estimated. It was observed that vitamin E value among the study population did not alter (15.67±3.67μmol/L vs. 14.66±3.88μmol/L). It was within normal range. Conversely, there was significantly high serum concentrations of vitamin C and A in the lung cancer patients as compared to those in the smoker controls (48.26±6.81versus 16.65±4.46μmol/L; 2.76±0.32 versus 1.60±0.35μmol/L respectively)

Methyl 4-hy­droxy-2-meth­oxy­carbonyl­methyl-1,1-dioxo-1,2-dihydro-1λ6,2-benzothia­zine-3-carboxyl­ate1

There are two independent mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H13NO7S, which have almost identical geometries. The thia­zine ring adopts a sofa conformation in both mol­ecules and the mol­ecular conformations are stabilized by intramolecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the crystal packing

2-Chloro-4-(2-iodo­benzene­sulfonamido)­benzoic acid

In the title compound, C13H9ClINO4S, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 81.04 (17)°. The disposition of the I and Cl atoms attached to the two rings is anti. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected via O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

N-(2-Bromo­phen­yl)-4-methyl-N-(4-methyl­phen­ylsulfon­yl)benzene­sulfonamide

In the title compound, C20H18BrNO4S2, the mean planes formed by the toluene substituents are inclined at a dihedral angle of 45.34 (8)°. The bromo­benzene group is disordered over two positions with an occupancy ratio of 0.74:0.26, resulting in two conformations of the ring; the two rings are oriented at a dihedral angle of 6.6 (6)° with each other. In the crystal structure, weak C—H⋯O inter­actions connect the mol­ecules in a zigzag manner along the a axis

N-Ethyl-N-(2-meth­oxy­phen­yl)benzene­sulfonamide

In the title mol­ecule, C15H17NO3S, the C—S—N—Cbenzene torsion angle is 81.45 (16)°, and the two aromatic rings form a dihedral angle of 45.83 (12)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter­molecular C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules into chains parallel to the b axis

Methyl 4-hy­droxy-2-isopropyl-1,1-dioxo-2H-1,2-benzothia­zine-3-carboxyl­ate

In the crystal structure of the title mol­ecule, C13H15NO5S, the S and N atoms of the thia­zine ring exihibit the maximum deviations from the least-squares plane of 0.3008 (6) and 0.3280 (7) Å, respectively. The ring therefore adopts a half chair conformation. The thia­zine ring is twisted by an angle of 13.29 (7)° with respect to the aromatic ring. The isopropyl substituent is oriented at a dihedral angle of 53.2 (12)° with respect to the thia­zine ring. An intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond occurs. Inter­molecular hydrogen bonding is observed in the crystal structure

General practitioner\u27s knowledge regarding the diagnosis and drug therapy for acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the general practitioners (GP) knowledge regarding the diagnosis and initial drug therapy for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted in randomly selected GPs of Karachi. Doctors working in community as GPs who were registered medical practitioners having a Bachelor of Medicine & Bachelor of Surgery degree were included in the study. Doctors working at tertiary care facilities or having a post graduate degree or post graduate training in a specialty other than family medicine were excluded from the study. RESULTS: A total of 186 GPs participated in our study. GPs who studied research journals were 2.33 times more likely to investigate serum cardiac troponins levels for the diagnosis of AMI compared to those who did not study research journals (P = 0.02). Twenty six percent of the GPs said that they would refer a patient with suspected AMI without treatment, while 76% said that they would consider some treatment prior to referral. Fifty eight percent of the GPs identified ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) of \u3c 12 hours duration as an indication of thrombolysis while 28% identified posterior wall AMI as a thrombolytic indication. CONCLUSION: GPs, although adequately aware of the presenting features of AMI, were lacking in knowledge regarding the means for confirmation of diagnosis, initial drug therapy and were less likely to carry management steps in their practice

Acute Oral Toxicity Evaluations of Some Zinc(II) Complexes Derived from 1-(2-Salicylaldiminoethyl)piperazine Schiff Bases in Rats

The current study described the synthesis and the in vivo acute oral toxicity evaluations in Sprague Dawley rats. The compounds were characterized by elemental analyses, LC-MS, FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and UV-visible spectroscopy. In the acute toxicity study, a single administration of the compounds was performed orally to the rats at the single doses of 2000 mg/kg and they were then monitored for possible side effects, mortality or behavioral changes up to 14 days. The serum level of aspartate (AST), alanine aminotransferases (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL), immunoglobulins (GAM) and the C-reactive proteins did not significantly change. The hematological indices white blood cells (WBC), haematocrit (HCT), red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were within the normal range. The renal function indices examined were also within the reference range. Generally, the compounds exhibited low toxic effects as required for further in vivo therapeutic studies

Community health workers during the Ebola outbreak in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone.

BACKGROUND: The role of community health workers (CHWs) in the West Africa Ebola outbreak has been highlighted to advocate for increasing numbers of CHWs globally to build resilience, strengthen health systems, and provide emergency response capacity. However, the roles CHWs played, the challenges they faced, and their effectiveness during the outbreak are not well documented. This study assessed the impact of Ebola on community-based maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) services, documented the contribution of CHWs and other community-based actors to the Ebola response, and identified lessons learned to strengthen resilience in future emergencies. METHODS: This mixed methods study was conducted in Guinea, Liberia, and Sierra Leone, with data collected in four Ebola-affected districts of each country. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with stakeholders at national, district, and community levels. Quantitative program data were used to assess trends in delivery of community-based MNCH services. RESULTS: There was a sharp decline in MNCH service provision due to weak service delivery, confusion over policy, and the overwhelming nature of the outbreak. However, many CHWs remained active in their communities and were willing to continue providing services. When CHWs received clear directives and were supported, service provision rebounded. Although CHWs faced mistrust and hostility from community members because of their linkages to health facilities, the relationship between CHWs and communities proved resilient over time, and CHWs were more effectively able to carry out Ebola-related activities than outsiders. Traditional birth attendants, community health committees, community leaders, and traditional healers also played important roles, despite a lack of formal engagement or support. Service delivery weaknesses, especially related to supply chain and supervision, limited the effectiveness of community health services before, during, and after the outbreak. CONCLUSIONS: CHWs and other community-level actors played important roles during the Ebola outbreak. However, maintenance of primary care services and the Ebola response were hampered because community actors were engaged late in the response and did not receive sufficient support. In the future, communities should be placed at the forefront of emergency preparedness and response plans and they must be adequately supported to strengthen service delivery

FCC-ee: The Lepton Collider: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 2

In response to the 2013 Update of the European Strategy for Particle Physics, the Future Circular Collider (FCC) study was launched, as an international collaboration hosted by CERN. This study covers a highest-luminosity high-energy lepton collider (FCC-ee) and an energy-frontier hadron collider (FCC-hh), which could, successively, be installed in the same 100 km tunnel. The scientific capabilities of the integrated FCC programme would serve the worldwide community throughout the 21st century. The FCC study also investigates an LHC energy upgrade, using FCC-hh technology. This document constitutes the second volume of the FCC Conceptual Design Report, devoted to the electron-positron collider FCC-ee. After summarizing the physics discovery opportunities, it presents the accelerator design, performance reach, a staged operation scenario, the underlying technologies, civil engineering, technical infrastructure, and an implementation plan. FCC-ee can be built with today’s technology. Most of the FCC-ee infrastructure could be reused for FCC-hh. Combining concepts from past and present lepton colliders and adding a few novel elements, the FCC-ee design promises outstandingly high luminosity. This will make the FCC-ee a unique precision instrument to study the heaviest known particles (Z, W and H bosons and the top quark), offering great direct and indirect sensitivity to new physics