Non-Linear Langevin and Fractional Fokker-Planck Equations for Anomalous Diffusion by Levy Stable Processes

The~numerical solutions to a non-linear Fractional Fokker--Planck (FFP) equation are studied estimating the generalized diffusion coefficients. The~aim is to model anomalous diffusion using an FFP description with fractional velocity derivatives and Langevin dynamics where L\'{e}vy fluctuations are introduced to model the effect of non-local transport due to fractional diffusion in velocity space. Distribution functions are found using numerical means for varying degrees of fractionality of the stable L\'{e}vy distribution as solutions to the FFP equation. The~statistical properties of the distribution functions are assessed by a generalized normalized expectation measure and entropy and modified transport coefficient. The~transport coefficient significantly increases with decreasing fractality which is corroborated by analysis of experimental data.Comment: 20 pages 7 figure

The Role of Job Satisfaction and Burnout on Work-Family Conflict and Turnover Intentions

Job satisfaction (JS), burnout (BO), and work-family conflict (WFCs) have numerous consequences on employees and organizations. Despite an abundance of research on the subject, previous studies have not examined the multi-mediating effects of JS and BO on WFCs and turnover intentions (TIs). Given this gap, we have contributed towards the body of knowledge by developing a new model based on the four theories (i.e., effort-reward imbalance model, conservation resource model, social exchange theory and identity theory). A sample of 387 respondents from the banking sector of Karachi was selected non-randomly. The Smart PLS software was used for statistical analysis. The results suggest that WFCs enhance TIs and JS. On the contrary, past studies indicate that increased WFCs decrease JS. The study also found that BO increases TIs, which is in line with the results of other studies. We also found that JS negatively affects BO and positively affects TIs. The results also suggest that JS has a mediating effect on BO and TIs, and BO has a mediating effect on TIs. The study also indicates that both JS and BO mediates WFCs and TIs.Keywords: Job satisfaction, work-family conflict, burnout, turnover intentions, banking, Karachi

A comparison of drift wave stability in stellarator and tokamak geometry

The influence of plasma geometry on the linear stability of electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient driven drift modes (ITG modes) is investigated. An advanced fluid model is used for the ions together with Boltzmann distributed electrons. The derived eigenvalue equation is solved numerically. A comparison is made between an H – 1NF [Fusion Technol. 17, 123 (1990)] like stellarator equilibrium, a numerical tokamak equilibrium and the analytical s - alpha equilibrium. The numerical and the analytical tokamak are found to be in good agreement in the low inverse aspect ratio limit. The growth rates of the tokamak and stellarator are comparable whereas the modulus of the real frequency is substantially larger in the stellarator. The threshold in Ln/LT for the stellarator is found to be somewhat larger. In addition, a stronger stabilization of the ITG mode growth is found for large L n / R in the stellarator case

Carrier Status of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

To investigate nasal carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among dental healthcare workers (HCWs) , as the carriers could be the potential risk factor for the transmission of nosocomial infection when exposed to hospital setting during clinical posting. Methods: One hundred HCWs including postgraduate trainees, house physicians, staff nurses and technicians participated in the study. Nasal specimens were obtained by using cotton swabs moistened in sterile saline. The nasal specimens collected were processed as per (CLSI, 2008). Specimens were inoculated on blood agar to look for β-hemolysis of Staphylococcus aureus. Nutrient agar was used for the direct colony identification of Staphylococcus aureus. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) and DNAse were used as selective media for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and incubated at 35˚C for 48 hrs.Resistance to methicillin was detected with cefoxitin(30 μg) through Disk Diffusion Test and interpreted according to (CLSI, 2009). A diameter of ≥22 mm was considered as susceptible and ≤21 mm as resistant as per (CLSI, 2010).Results: Out of 100 nasal swabs collected, 71 nasal swabs were from the dental surgeons and 29 were from the nursing staff, 35 (35%) showed a growth of Staphylococcus aureus. Among those who were positive for Staphylococcus aureus 62.85%were positive for MRSA. Overall 22 (22%) out of a 100 individuals came out to be positive for MRSA.Conclusion: Health care workers (HCWs) were the potential colonizers of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus and may serve as reservoirs or disseminators of MRSA

Elucidating plasma dynamics in Hasegawa-Wakatani turbulence by information geometry

The impact of adiabatic electrons on drift-wave turbulence, modeled by the Hasegawa-Wakatani equations, is studied using information length. Information length is a novel theoretical method for measuring distances between statistical states represented by different probability distribution functions (PDFs) along the path of a system and represents the total number of statistically different states that a system evolves through in time. Specifically, the time-dependent PDFs of turbulent fluctuations for a given adiabatic index A are computed. The changes in fluctuation statistics are then quantified in time by using information length. The numerical results provide time traces exhibiting intermittent plasma dynamics, and such behavior is identified by a rapid change in the information length. The effects of A are discussed.</p

Impact of Sparse and Dense Deployment of Nodes Under Different Propagation Models in Manets

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the most emerging and fast-expanding technology in the last two decades. One of the major issues and challenging areas in MANET is the process of routing due to dynamic topologies and high mobility of mobile nodes. The efficiency and accuracy of a protocol depend on many parameters in these networks. In addition to other parameters node velocity and propagation models are among them. Calculating signal strength at the receiver is the responsibility of a propagation model while the mobility of nodes is responsible for the topology of the network. A huge amount of loss in performance is occurred due to the variation of signal strength at the receiver and obstacles between transmissions. In this paper,it has been analyzed to check the impact of different propagation models on the performance of Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) in Sparse and Dense scenarios in MANET. The simulation has been carried out in NS-2 by using performance metrics as average packet drop average latency and average Throughput. The results predicted that propagation models and mobility have a strong impact on the performance of OLSR in considered scenarios

The importance of phase dynamics in generation of coherent structures

In magnetically confined plasmas (MCP), the transport of heat and particles is determined by collisional and anomalous processes caused by turbulence. A collective effort has been put into modelling the turbulent transport in plasmas using various drift wave (DW) models. However, it is evident that large-scale phenomena have a significant impact on overall transport. Heat transport can be mediated by coherent structures such as streamers and blobs through the formation of avalanche-like events that are intermittent in nature, i.e., localized in time but of large amplitude. Furthermore, at the same time, there are structures such as zonal flows (ZF) and GAMs that are non-linearly generated and mitigate turbulent transport by shearing turbulent eddies. A common denominator for these large-scale structures is the synchronization of smaller scale modes or events to a coherent structure, where phases align in a localized region of space and time. Interestingly, phase synchronization is prevalent in many other fields, such as biological clocks, physiological organisms, and chemical reactors. The dynamical evolution of amplitude and phases have been investigated through simplified equations derived from the Hasegawa - Wakatani (HW) system, where effects of synchronization are studied.Theoretical studies often deal with the amplitudes of the fluctuating quantities and assume that the phases are randomly distributed according to the random phase approximation (RPA) and thus disregard the dynamics of the phases [1,2]. In this approximation, dynamical amplitudes have a slow variation compared to the rapid change of the phases, which are distributed uniformly over a $2 \pi$ interval [3]. There have been a few general approaches to the randomness in turbulence: the RPA, the diagrammatic method by Wyld and the cumulant expansions, with the aim of systematically characterizing intermittent behavior. Unless a specific case is studied, the diagrammatic method has a drawback since there is no consistent small expansion parameter and no normalization procedure available. Moreover, the intuitive picture of the RPA approach is tempting and is thus widely adopted in turbulence theory. The underlying assumption of randomness in the RPA for the phases of Fourier modes in nonlinearly interacting waves cannot be justified since the phases as well as the amplitudes evolve due to non-linear interactions that act on the same time scales for both. Thus, the phases cannot be randomized faster than the amplitudes, see further discussion in Refs. [4,5]. Understanding the generation of coherent structures and the effects of these structures on transport and turbulence is therefore of crucial importance. In regard to plasma dynamics, simplified models are of interest, assuming an expansion of the state in amplitude and phase, i.e., $\phi \sim \phi_0 \exp(i \theta)$, the basic dynamical equations yield one dynamical equation for the amplitude and one for the phase for each field in the model. In previous papers, models using the passive advected scalar [6] and the Burgers equation [1] where it was found that under certain conditions, the RPA assumption can be invalidated using a phase dependent force and the locking of phases may increase the energy transfer to other modes. The assumption of a fully stochastic phase state of the turbulence is more relevant for high values of scale separation with the energy spectrum following a $k^{−7/2}$ decay rate. The dynamic of the three-body interactions between the phases in the non-linear Burgers’ turbulence shows that the phases lock intermittently. This is due to the k dependence of the coupling strength in the non-linear term which reduces strongly for high-k range due to the dampening effect of the dissipation which does not allow locking of the phases of the small scales. For lower scale dependence the asynchronized and synchronized phases differ significantly, and one could expect the formation of coherent modulations in the latter case. Moreover, the HW have been studied [7] and the work on the predator-prey model of DW – ZF dynamics, it is observed that synchronization may be transferred between the two populations [8].In this work, we investigate the role of phase dynamics for turbulent fluctuations in a set of direct numerical simulation (DNS) of homogeneous Taylor-Green driven turbulence, simple 2D rotating turbulence flow. The model is the forced incompressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. It should be noted that in the study of coupled oscillators describing chemical reactors, the Kuramoto model has been established, and it has been shown that synchronization occurs when a certain threshold is exceeded. In this case the system is strongly forced to generate a vortex and where the phase locking between close neighbours can be quantified

Reputation based Trust Management System for Improving Public Health Care System in Pakistan

Health is the most important facility for the people by the government if it is provided properly.There is a lack of trust among people about healthcare system particularly in public hospitals ofPakistan. People do not trust doctors and hospitals due to poor management and low standardscheck-up by the doctors. This is due to the lack of feedback system which leads to themismanagement of healthcare institutions. In this research, we have developed a reputation-basedfeedback management system that will overcome all the problems related to the trust of the patientsregarding their medical care. This will enhance the system and will let doctors, staff, andmanagement to work honestly to make their repute well

Effect of Teachers’ Favouritism on Academic Sabotage: An Empirical Evidence of Elementary Education Students in Pakistan

Favoritism is the action of giving preference to one group or individual over others regardless of having same privileges. It is a common practice at most of the institutes of education. This study is an effort to impart insight by measuring the effect of teachers&rsquo; favouritism on academic sabotage of future teacher of Elementary Education in Pakistan. This causal comparative study was based on a survey method. A sample of 450 students of session 2015-2017 was selected from the teacher education department of Elementary Education of Pakistan by using simple random sampling technique. Scale developed by Aydogan (2008) used to measure the Favouritism. This scale was consisted of 28 items under four factors: nature of preference, violation of rules, students&rsquo; assessment, and terms of communication. Education sabotage was measured through the scale of nine (9) items developed by Harris and Ogbonna in 2006. The items of both scales were revised to fit in the educational context of Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, &amp; Regression Analysis) were applied to analyze the data. Results depicted that according to future teachers&rsquo; perceptions teachers&rsquo; favouritism was at high level. In addition, there was insignificant difference in the perceptions of future teachers regarding teachers&rsquo; favouritism with respect to gender. However, a significant difference was found in the perceptions of students regarding teachers&rsquo; favouritism on the basis of their marital status. Moreover, there was a positive moderate relationship was determined between favouritism and academic sabotage. It is concluded that the teachers&rsquo; favouritism had significant effect on academic sabotage. It is suggested that policy makers may develop a transparent system for avoidance of favoritism in order to make educational institutes more effective and productive. Keywords: Favouritism, Academic Sabotage, Elementary Education