Evaluation of egg vitamins A and E content in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, 1792) broodstock affected by different levels of synthetic and natural (Heamatococcus pluvialis) astaxanthin

In present research, effect of dietary astaxanthin levels in sources of synthetic and algal on vitamins A and E content of egg rainbow trout broodstock was investigated, totally for 120 days. It was considered seven groups consisting six treatments (T1-T6) in two different astaxanthin sources and control (C). According to experiment design, treatments were arranged as algal astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1, T2, T3); and synthetic astaxanthin in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food (T4, T5, T6). Egg vitamins A and E content in obtained eggs from all treatments during spawning season was measured. The highest (280.88± 22.51 ng) and the lowest (147.82± 12.71ng) amount of vitamin A were observed in T2 and control group, respectively. The highest (19.71± 2.92µg) and the lowest (5.27± 0.51µg) amount of vitamin E were obtained in T3 and control group, respectively. By increasing level of astaxanthin in both sources of algal and synthetic, content of vitamin E in egg increased but the effect of algal source on these indices was more perfect. In general present study show that, feeding broodstock affected on quality content of egg, It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve vitamins content of egg in rainbow trout

Seasonal Variation in Exposure Level of Types A and B Ultraviolet Radiation: An Environmental Skin Carcinogen

Background: The main source of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the sun, affecting organs such as the skin, eyes, and immune system. According to American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienist (ACGIH) reports, the amount of UVR reaching the Earth’s surface is increasing yearly and is responsible for an increase in solar radiation‑related diseases. Aims: To investigate the amount of UVR reaching the Earth’s surface and understand the risk of UVR on disease among outdoor laborers in one of the central provinces of Iran.Materials and Methods: Arak city was divided into two geographic areas, and the weekly measurement of UVR was done in three locations) asphalt, grass and rooftop). To measure UVR, Hanger UV spectrometer, standard deviation (SD8‑A), and SD8‑B detectors were used. Amounts of UVR for a consecutive year and varying weather conditions were measured. Finally, values obtained were compared to ACGIH standards. Results: The minimum and maximum levels of UV type A radiation occurred in April 1.27 (0.724) W/m2 and September 7.147 (4.128) W/m2, these figures for UV type B were in March–April 0.005 (0.003) and September 0.083 (0.077). The maximum UVR is received between 11 and 15 o’clock.Conclusions: In the central cities of Iran, the minimum and maximum UV type A and B is received in March–April and in September, respectively. Based on the results, the angular position of the sun in the sky, cloud cover, and height from ground level affected the amount of UVR received, but the geographic locations studied did not.  Keywords: Outdoor Job, Skin Cancer, Carcinogen, Ultraviolet radiation, Ultraviolet A, Ultraviolet B, Ira

Assessment Criteria of Effective teaching of Expert Teachers based on occupational health students’ viewpoints in Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Notating the criteria of an expert teacher based on the  students’ viewpoints and using them in teaching process has a prominent role in enhancing the education quality. This study aims at identifying those characteristics in occupational health students' opinions. In this cross-sectional study in 2012, using random sampling method, 200 of occupational health students in Tehran University of Medical Sciences were selected. Requirement data collection was using a questionnaire with α= 0.85. The questions were designed in two domains, demographic and expert teacher criteria. Finally, data analysis was carried out through SPSS software version 16. Results showed that before, after and current education of four domains ability, features such as analysis method and text selection (81.4%), accurate and comprehensive examination in final (80.2%), dominance over the scientific subjects (91%) and in general, abilities, educational discipline and manual (86.4%) were respectively recognized as important factors for experted teacher. Moreover, no significant relationship was found among gender and field of study and the above mentioned four domains (p> 0/05). In this study, teaching ability was the most important factor in students’ viewpont; hence, it is recommended that the mentioned points should be taken inro more consideration in this domain for enhanced teachers’ operation

Alternative Method for the Analysis of Water-Based Metalworking Fluids Using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy

Mists of water-based metalworking fluids (MWFs) as a kind of lubricants mineral oil are reported as a respiratory irritant with having carcinogenic compounds such as formaldehyde. Due to the widespread exposure of Iranian metal machining workers to water-based MWFs and limitations of advanced analytical balance in Iran, which is required by the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conventional method No5524, the purpose of this study was set to develop a new analytical method using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry instead. In this study, the spiked standards in the range of 0.96 to 960 µg/sample were dried and extracted with carbon tetrachloride and scanned by FTIR in the range of 2700 to 3200cm-1 for the best absorption. FTIR and Gas chromatography analysis of formaldehyde as a toxic ingredient of MWFs was examined and its presence was confirmed. For establishing the validation, the merits of the analysis of the FTIR and NIOSH method No.5524, such as precision, accuracy, LOD, LOQ, and bias were obtained that were 1.49%, 103%, 0.0004, 0.0014 µg/sample, -3%, and 10.87%, 111%, 14.9, 49.1µg/sample and 11% respectively. Regression coefficients (r2) of the calibration line with the spiked standards (0.96-960µg/sample) were in the range of 0.997 to 0.999. Since the merits of the analysis of the FT-IR method for water-based MWFs were comparable to the respective NIOSH method, the developed method could be very useful in monitoring lathe workers, especially in developing countries. However, collaborative examination for full validation of the method is recommended

Ameliorating effects of gingko, Ginkgo biloba extract on waterborne toxicity of Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2) in the Rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss: Growth, histology, oxidative stress, immunity, antioxidant defense and liver function

The potentials of gingko, Ginkgo biloba extract in ameliorating the toxicity of titanium nano-oxide (NanoTiO2) (30% of the LC50 or 1.65 mg/l) were evaluated in the rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Fish (n = 540; mean weight: 22.5 ± 2.1 g) were distributed into 18 tanks (n = 30/tank). The test treatments were: negative control (NC): non-supplemented and non-exposed fish, positive control (PC): non-supplemented fish exposed to 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G1 + Ti: 0.5 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G2 + Ti: 1 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G3 + Ti: 2 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2, G4 + Ti: 4 g GIB/kg + 1.65 mg/l nano TiO2. The experiment was done during 60 days. The nano-TiO2 treatments showed lower growth performance (P  0.05). The liver metabolic enzymes mainly increased in serum, following Nano-TiO2 exposure in PC and treatments, 0.5–1 g GIB/ Kg (P < 0.05). Nano-TiO2 caused liver and intestine lesions mostly in PC and fish of 0.5 g GIB/kg. In conclusion, our results indicated that GIB at levels of 1–2 g GIB/kg can ameliorate nano-TiO2 –induced oxidative atress and its adverse effects on immunity and liver function in the fish

آلاینده‌های ذره‌ای هوابرد وخطر افزایش در نرخ ابتلا به Covid- 19

Background and Aims: Particulate matter are effective factors in the spread of viruses, fungi and bacteria that can affect the prevalence of epidemics. In this study, we surveyed the effects of particulate matter on the number of COVID-19 patients in Iranian cities. Materials and Methods: The levels of air pollution in different cities of Iran were evaluated based on the official report of Iranian Department of Environment. The relationship between air pollution and the prevalence of affected COVID-19 patients in different cities was reviewed and analyzed. Results: The results showed that COVID-19 were prevalent in cities with the highest level of air pollution in fourteen days before the observed rise in the number of affected cases. Conclusion: The increase in the rate of COVID-19 patients in dusty cities in Iran emphasized that particulate matter may be effective in the increasing number of COVID-19 patients. Further studies on the effect of airborne pollutants on the prevalence of epidemics are thus recommended.زمینه و اهداف: آلاینده‌های ذره‌ای از عوامل مؤثر در انتشار ویروس­ها، قارچ­ها و باکتری­ها می‌باشند که می‌توانند در ابتلا به همه­گیری‌ها تأثیر بگذارند. در مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تأثیر آلاینده‌های ذره‌ای بر نرخ ابتلا به بیماری Covid-19 در شهرهای ایران پرداخته شد. مواد و روش‌ها: وضعیت آلودگی هوا در شهرهای مختلف ایران بر اساس گزارش رسمی سازمان حفاظت محیط زیست قابل دسترس در پایگاه اطلاعاتی سامانه پایش کیفی هوای شهر بررسی شد و ارتباط آن با وضعیت شهرستان­های مختلف از نظر آمار مبتلایان به Covid-19 مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین آمار مبتلایان به Covid-19 در شهرستان­هایی با بالاترین نرخ آلودگی هوابرد در چهارده روز قبل از افزایش در نرخ مبتلایان مشاهده می­شود. نتیجه‌گیری: افزایش در نرخ مبتلایان به Covid-19 در شهرهای آلوده به گرد و غبار نشان می‌دهد که آلاینده‌های ذره‌ای هوابرد ممکن است بر افزایش در آمار مبتلایان به Covid-19 مؤثر باشد. مطالعات بیشتر در زمینه بررسی تأثیر آلاینده‌های هوابرد بر نرخ شیوع همه­گیری‌ها توصیه می‌شود

Measurement of Benzene in Air by Iranian Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes

ABSTRACT Background: Nanotechnology is a new approach that has been lionized in recent years. One of its applications is its consumption as an absorbent. In this study, the single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were used as an absorbent for sampling benzene in the air. Materials and Methods: For this study, SWCNTs manufactured by Iran and SKC&apos;s activated charcoal were used for sampling benzene vapors. Preparation and analysis of the samples were done by carbon disulfide and GC-FID (gas chromatography-flame ionization detector), respectively Results: The results indicated that the performance of SWCNTs is less than conventional activated charcoal for sampling benzene vapors in the air Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that the performance of SWCNTs in the sampling of benzene vapors in the air is very poor and, therefore, cannot be a good alternative to SKC&apos;s activated charcoal

The effect of the use of NP305 masks in improving respiratory symptoms in workers exposed to sulfuric acid mists in plating and pickling units

Background: Plating and pickling processes are the most effective ways for increasing the strength of metal structures, and workers in these units are exposed to various contaminants, including acid mists. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of protective masks in decreasing the respiratory symptoms and the aerobic capacity of workers that are exposed sulfuric acid mist. Methods: This interventional study was based on National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) standard 7903 in which silica gel tubes are used for sampling the air in plating and pickling units for eight hours. After the samples were acquired and prepared, they were analyzed by ion chromatography and were compared with the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) exposure limits. Respiratory symptoms were evaluated among two sets of test subjects, i.e., those who used NP305 masks in the workplace and those who did not use the mask. Results: The results showed that the concentration of sulfuric acid mist in the plating units was greater than the exposure limits, and concentrations at this level can cause an increase in symptoms related to irritation of the airway and a slight decrease in respiratory capacity. In this study, smoking had no significant effect on the severity of pulmonary dysfunction. Conclusion: The results indicated that the use of an NP305 mask is effective for decreasing symptoms resulting from exposure to sulfuric acid mist and improving respiratory capacity