Desempenho de porta-enxertos de tomateiro em resistência a nematóides, murcha-de-fusário e produção da planta enxertada

Os fitopatógenos do solo Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol.) e nematóides do gênero Meloidogyne sp. podem inviabilizar a produção e o cultivo do tomateiro na área infestada. A técnica da enxertia que utiliza porta-enxertos resistentes a esses patógenos, já é empregada no Japão, países da Europa como Holanda e Espanha e recentemente no Brasil. Verificou-se neste trabalho a reação de oito porta-enxertos comerciais de tomateiro, ‘Guardião®’, ‘Helper-M®’, ‘Anchor-T®’, ‘Dr. K®’, ‘Kagemuscha®’, ‘Block®’, ‘Magnet®’ e ‘He-Man®’, a meloidoginoses e murcha-de-fusário e avaliou-se o desempenho de plantas enxertadas em cultivo protegido, utilizando como enxerto o híbrido Paron® nos oito porta-enxertos testados com os fitopatógenos. Os porta-enxertos possuíam o gene Mi que confere resistência a nematóides do gênero Meloidogyne sp. e também com resistência as raças 1 e 2 do Fol. Houve suscetibilidade de todos os porta-enxertos ao nematóide Meloidogyne mayaguensis e no teste com Fusarium sp. os porta-enxertos ‘Block®’ e ‘Guardião®’ foram resistentes às três raças testadas do fungo. No cultivo protegido, as plantas enxertadas no porta-enxerto ‘He-man®’ obtiveram melhor desempenho quando comparadas aos outros tratamentos.The soil borne Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici (Fol.) and Meloidogyne sp. nematode, can make unfeasible the tomato production and the cultivation in the infested area. The grafting technique using resistant rootstock the those pathogens, it is already used in Japan, Europe countries and recently in Brazil. The objective of the work was to verify the reaction of 8 tomato rootstock to the two species of Meloidogyne sp. And also with races 1, 2 and 3 of Fol., also to evaluate the performance of grafted plants plastic house condition, using as graft the Paron® hybrid on the 8 rootstock tested with the phytopathogens. The rootstock description head the gene Mi that confer resistance to nematode Meloidogyne sp. and also with resistance the races 1 and 2 of the Fol. There was susceptibility of the all rootstock to Meloidogyne mayaguensis nematode and in the test with isolate of Fol. the rootstock 'Block®' and 'Guardião®' were resistant to three races of the fungi. Under plastic house condition protected cultivation the plants grafted on 'He-man®' rootstock obtained better performance when compared to the other treatments

Produtividade e crescimento do tomateiro ‘Paron’ enxertado em diferentes porta-enxertos

Grafting in tomato plants is a practice which has had growing importance in order to overcomeproblems with pathogens, soil salinity, excess or lack of water, planting in colder periods, among others. The aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and growth of tomato Paron cultivar when grafted in rootstocks with different agronomic specificities, grown in soils free from the above-mentioned problems in order to analyze theeffect of the grafting and the rootstock in the evaluated characteristics. The experiment was carried out from September 2006 to March 2007 in protected cultivation in São Miguel, São Paulo state, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with nine treatments (plants grafted in eight rootstocks and the ungraftedone) and four replications. The evaluation involved the number and weight of total fruits, the weight of thecommercial production, the number of fruits bigger than 70mm, loss of production and length of internodes. The grafting did not interfere with the production or quality of the fruits, but caused shortening of the internodesin the copa cultivar.A enxertia em tomateiro é uma prática que cresce em importância para contornar problemas com fitopatógenos, salinização do solo, excessos e deficiências hídricas, plantio em épocas mais frias, entre outros. Oobjetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produtividade e o crescimento do tomateiro ‘Paron’ quando enxertado em porta-enxertos com diferentes especificidades agronômicas, cultivados em solos sem os referidos problemas, para averiguar o efeito do enxerto e do porta-enxerto nas características avaliadas. O experimento foi conduzido de setembro de 2006 a março de 2007 em abrigo de cultivo no município de São Manuel, SP. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com nove tratamentos (pé-franco e enxerto em oito porta-enxertos) e quatrorepetições. Avaliaram-se o número e peso de frutos totais, peso da produção comercial, número de frutos com diâmetro maior que 70mm, perda da produção e comprimento de entrenós das plantas. A enxertia não interferiu na produção e qualidade dos frutos, mas provocou o encurtamento de entrenós da cultivar copa

Reação de porta-enxertos comerciais de tomateiro a Meloidogyne mayaguensis

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi verificar a resistência ao nematóide Meloidogyne mayaguensis em oito porta-enxertos de tomateiro considerados resistentes à Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica e M. arenaria, comercializados no Brasil. Os porta-enxertos testados foram: 'Guardião', 'Helper-M', 'Anchor-T', 'Dr. K', 'Kagemuscha', 'TMA 809', 'Magnet' e 'He-Man'. O experimento constou de 9 tratamentos (8 porta-enxertos e a cultivar Rutgers utilizada como padrão de suscetibilidade), com 6 repetições, sendo cada parcela constituída por 1 planta por vaso, mantidas em casa de vegetação. As plantas foram inoculadas com 5.000 ovos e eventuais juvenis infectantes de M. mayaguensis. O experimento seguiu o delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Aos 60 dias da inoculação procederam-se as avaliações, quando foram avaliados os índices de galhas e massas de ovos, número de nematóides no solo e na raiz, peso do sistema radicular e o fator de reprodução. Todos os porta-enxertos estudados demonstraram-se suscetíveis a M. mayaguensis.The objective of this research was to verify the resistance response of eight Brazilian commercial tomato rootstocks to the nematode Meloidogyne mayaguensis. The studied rootstocks were: 'Guardião', 'Helper-M', 'Anchor-T', 'Dr. K', 'Kagemuscha', 'TMA 809', 'Magnet' and 'He-Man'. The experiment consisted of 9 treatments (8 rootstocks and 'Rutgers' used as susceptible control), with 6 replication. Each plot was constituted by 1 plant per pot, maintained in green-house. The plants were inoculated with 5,000 eggs and second stage juvenile of M. mayaguensis. The experimental design was completely randomized. The evaluation was 60 days after inoculation, when the root weight, gall and egg mass index, nematode number in soil and in root and reproduction factor were evaluated. All studied rootstocks were susceptible to M. mayaguensis

Uso de malhas pigmentadas e mulching em túneis para cultivo de rúcula: efeito no ambiente e nas plantas modelo

O uso de malhas pigmentadas em cultivos de hortaliças folhosas permite a melhor adequação do ambiente às plantas, com destaque para a rúcula. Essa hortaliça vem conquistando maior espaço no mercado consumidor brasileiro desde o final da década de 90. Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo avaliar as condições ambientais proporcionadas pelo uso de telas pigmentadas na cobertura de túneis de cultivo, relacionando com as respostas agronômicas da rúcula, cultivada dentro desses túneis sobre diferentes coberturas de solo. As coberturas de túneis foram: a Chromatinet® azul, Chromatinet® vermelha, tela aluminizada prata, Sombrite® 50% e filme plástico transparente de polietileno de baixa densidade de 100µ. As coberturas de solo, também denominadas mulchings, dentro dos túneis foram: o filme plástico de polietileno de cor preta; de polietileno de dupla-face nas cores preta e branca, com a face branca voltada para cima; casca de arroz e a ausência de mulching. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 24 tratamentos e três repetições. Nas condições do experimento, o emprego de algumas coberturas de túnel e de solo modificou o ambiente e melhorou as respostas agronômicas das plantas de rúcula.The use of pigmented screens for growing vegetable crops provides an opportunity for adjusting environmental conditions, especially for roquette. This vegetable crop is consumed mainly as raw, and has a large proportion in Brazilian vegetable market since 1990s. The present research was aimed to evaluate the effect the altered environmental conditions (by using pigmented screens tunnels) on agronomic performance of roquette, grown inside tunnels having different color covers. Coverage screens colors were blue, red, silver, screen of shading 50% and transparent plastic. Beside this the effect of different mulching practices was also evaluated inside the tunnels. The experiment was laid out under randomized complete blocks design with 24 treatments and three replications. The results of the experiment under such conditions changed environmental and soil conditions and resulted in improved agronomic response by roquette plants

Stress-mediated solution deposition method to stabilize ferroelectric BiFe1-xCrxO3 perovskite thin films with narrow bandgaps

Ferroelectric oxides with low bandgaps are mainly based on the BiFeO perovskite upon the partial substitution of iron with different cations. However, the structural stability of many of these perovskites is only possible by their processing at high pressures (HP, >1GPa) and high temperatures (HT, >700ºC). Preparation methods under these severe conditions are accessible to powders and bulk ceramics. However, transferring these conditions to the fabrication of thin films is a challenge, thus limiting their use in applications. Here, a chemical solution deposition method is devised, which overcomes many of these restrictions. It is based on the application of an external compressive-stress to the film sample during the thermal treatment required for the film crystallization, promoting the formation and stabilization of these HP perovskites. We demonstrate the concept on BiFeCrO (BFCO) thin films deposited on SrTiO (STO) substrates and with large chromium contents. The resulting BFCO perovskite films show narrow bandgaps (Eg∼2.57 eV) and an excellent ferroelectric response (remnant polarization, P∼ 40 μC cm). The polarized thin films under illumination present a large out-put power of ∼6.4 μW cm, demonstrating their potential for using in self-powered multifunctional devices. This stress-mediated solution deposition method can be extended to other perovskite films which are unviable under conventional deposition methods

30-Day Morbidity and Mortality of Bariatric Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Multinational Cohort Study of 7704 Patients from 42 Countries.

BACKGROUND There are data on the safety of cancer surgery and the efficacy of preventive strategies on the prevention of postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 in these patients. But there is little such data for any elective surgery. The main objectives of this study were to examine the safety of bariatric surgery (BS) during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and to determine the efficacy of perioperative COVID-19 protective strategies on postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 rates. METHODS We conducted an international cohort study to determine all-cause and COVID-19-specific 30-day morbidity and mortality of BS performed between 01/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. RESULTS Four hundred ninety-nine surgeons from 185 centres in 42 countries provided data on 7704 patients. Elective primary BS (n = 7084) was associated with a 30-day morbidity of 6.76% (n = 479) and a 30-day mortality of 0.14% (n = 10). Emergency BS, revisional BS, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes, and untreated obstructive sleep apnoea were associated with increased complications on multivariable analysis. Forty-three patients developed symptomatic COVID-19 postoperatively, with a higher risk in non-whites. Preoperative self-isolation, preoperative testing for SARS-CoV-2, and surgery in institutions not concurrently treating COVID-19 patients did not reduce the incidence of postoperative COVID-19. Postoperative symptomatic COVID-19 was more likely if the surgery was performed during a COVID-19 peak in that country. CONCLUSIONS BS can be performed safely during the COVID-19 pandemic with appropriate perioperative protocols. There was no relationship between preoperative testing for COVID-19 and self-isolation with symptomatic postoperative COVID-19. The risk of postoperative COVID-19 risk was greater in non-whites or if BS was performed during a local peak

Effect of BMI on safety of bariatric surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic, procedure choice, and safety protocols - An analysis from the GENEVA Study

Background: It has been suggested that patients with a Body Mass Index (BMI) of > 60 kg/m2 should be offered expedited Bariatric Surgery (BS) during the Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The main objective of this study was to assess the safety of this approach. Methods: We conducted a global study of patients who underwent BS between 1/05/2020 and 31/10/2020. Patients were divided into three groups according to their preoperative BMI -Group I (BMI < 50 kg/m2), Group II (BMI 50-60 kg/m2), and Group III (BMI > 60 kg/m2). The effect of preoperative BMI on 30-day morbidity and mortality, procedure choice, COVID-19 specific safety protocols, and comorbidities was assessed. Results: This study included 7084 patients (5197;73.4 % females). The mean preoperative weight and BMI were 119.49 & PLUSMN; 24.4 Kgs and 43.03 & PLUSMN; 6.9 Kg/m2, respectively. Group I included 6024 (85 %) patients, whereas Groups II and III included 905 (13 %) and 155 (2 %) patients, respectively.The 30-day mortality rate was higher in Group III (p = 0.001). The complication rate and COVID-19 infection were not different. Comorbidities were significantly more likely in Group III (p = < 0.001). A significantly higher proportion of patients in group III received Sleeve Gastrectomy or One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass compared to other groups. Patients with a BMI of > 70 kg/m2 had a 30-day mortality of 7.7 % (2/26). None of these patients underwent a Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass. Conclusion: The 30-day mortality rate was significantly higher in patients with BMI > 60 kg/m2. There was, however, no significant difference in complications rates in different BMI groups, probably due to differences in procedure selection