La prensa escrita ante el desafío de los nuevos medios

En nuestras sociedades, la televisión es el canal informativo de la mayoría de la población, mientras la presencia de la prensa impresa se muestra en claro retroceso. Sin embargo, la lectura de los medios escritos (que ahora también nos llegan a través de la Red) sigue siendo necesaria, porque el acto de comprender requiere de una actividad intelectual de la que carece la contemplación pasiva de las imágenes televisivas. Partiendo del profundo significado intelectual del propio acto de leer, la institución educativa debe acometer una ambiciosa alfabetización mediática que, combatiendo la desigualdad de conocimiento y poder, se constituya como estrategia para la supervivencia democrática.In our societies, television is the information channel of the majority of the population, while the presence of the printed press is showing a clear setback. However, the reading of the written media (which now also reach us through the Internet) is still necessary, because the act of understanding requires an intellectual activity that lacks the passive contemplation of television images. Starting from the deep intellectual meaning of the act of reading itself, the educational institution must undertake an ambitious media literacy that, fighting the inequality of knowledge and power, constitutes a strategy for democratic survival

Quantitative Statistical Stability for the Equilibrium States of Piecewise Partially Hyperbolic Maps

We consider a class of endomorphisms which contains a set of piecewise partially hyperbolic dynamics semi-conjugated to non-uniformly expanding maps. The aimed transformation preserves a foliation which is almost everywhere uniformly contracted with possible discontinuity sets, which are parallel to the contracting direction. We apply the spectral gap property and the $\zeta$-H\"older regularity of the disintegration of its physical measure to prove a quantitative statistical stability statement. More precisely, under deterministic perturbations of the system of size $\delta$, we show that the physical measure varies continuously with respect to a strong $L^\infty$-like norm. Moreover, we prove that for certain interesting classes of perturbations its modulus of continuity is $O(\delta^\zeta \log \delta)$.Comment: In this version, we generalized some definitions and results. We also improve the readability, corrected some typos and fix the bibliograph

La responsabilidad social de la ciencia y tecnología

El impacto mutuo de la Ciencia y Tecnología (CyT) y la sociedad/medio ambiente es el tema tratado genéricamente en este artículo. Se considerará la definición de la Responsabilidad Social de la Ciencia y Tecnología tomando como referencia el concepto ampliamente desarrollado en el ámbito empresarial. Además se describirán las connotaciones externas e internas así como sus interrelaciones, lo que proporcionará al lector una visión genérica de la temáticaThe mutual impact of Science and Technology (S&T) and society/environment is the topic dealt with in this article. The definition of Social Responsibility of Science y Technology (SR of S&T) can be approached using the concept widely used in modern enterprises. The internal and external connotations of the SR of S&T will provide to readers a global vision of the topi

Recent Advances in Extraction and Stirring Integrated Techniques

The extraction yield of a microextraction technique depends on thermodynamic and kinetics factors. Both of these factors have been the focus of intensive research in the last few years. The extraction yield can be increased by synthesizing and using novel materials with favorable distribution constants (one of the thermodynamic factors) for target analytes. The extraction yield can also be increased by improving kinetic factors, for example, by developing new extraction modes. Microextraction techniques are usually non-exhaustive processes that work under the kinetic range. In such conditions, the improvement of the extraction kinetics necessarily improves the performance. Since the extraction yield and efficiency is related to how fast the analytes diffuse in samples, it is crucial to stir the sample during extraction. The stirring can be done with an external element or can be integrated with the extraction element in the same device. This article reviews the main recent advances in the so-called extraction/stirring integrated techniques with emphasis on their potential and promising approaches rather than in their applications

Wooden-based materials: Eco-friendly materials for direct mass spectrometric analysis and microextraction

Lignocellulosic materials have arisen as a sustainable alternative in microextraction techniques during the last 10 years. As they are natural materials, their use fits into some of the principles of Green Analytical Chemistry. Their inherent porosity, narrow shape, and rigidity permit their use in ambient ionization mass spectrometry techniques. In particular, the combination of wooden-based materials and direct analysis gives birth to the so-called wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry technique. This approach has been used for the direct analysis of complex samples, and as a streamlined tool for fingerprint quality analysis. Also, wooden-based materials can be superficially modified to boost the interaction with target compounds, allowing their isolation from complex samples. This review describes the potential and applicability of direct analysis using lignocellulosic materials, as well as other alternatives related to their use in microextraction

Effervescence-Assisted Microextraction—One Decade of Developments

Dispersive microextraction techniques are key in the analytical sample treatment context as they combine a favored thermodynamics and kinetics isolation of the target analytes from the sample matrix. The dispersion of the extractant in the form of tiny particles or drops, depending on the technique, into the sample enlarges the contact surface area between phases, thus enhancing the mass transference. This dispersion can be achieved by applying external energy sources, the use of chemicals, or the combination of both strategies. Effervescence-assisted microextraction emerged in 2011 as a new alternative in this context. The technique uses in situ-generated carbon dioxide as the disperser, and it has been successfully applied in the solid-phase and liquid-phase microextraction fields. This minireview explains the main fundamentals of the technique, its potential and the main developments reported