3D KINEMATICAL ANALYSIS OF THE HAMMER THROW IN COMPETITIONS

This study analyzes 14 throws accomplished in Brazilian competitions and it compares with available international results in the literature. It calculates the angle, the velocity and the height of release of the hammer and the velocity curves in function of the time, starting from the 3D trajectory of the head of the hammer. The analyses relate the difference between Brazilian (averages of 55.38m male and 52.05m female) and international results (averages of 79.44m male and 70.60m female) and the release velocity (Brazilian averages of 24.59m/s male and 23.59m/s female, and international of 29.60m/s male and 28.89m/s female). The velocity curves in function of the time of the international releases show that the accelerations are higher and the deceleration lower during the turns, when compared with a Brazilian throw

CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF BARK COMPOUNDS FROM CAATINGA SPECIES

This study aimed to chemically characterize the bark extracts from three tree species: Anacardium occidentale L., Ziziphus joazeiro Mart. and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia Benth., in addition to obtaining the soluble extract content in water, alcohol and hexane from the bark of these species. The bark was collected from branches of the three species and subsequently pre-dried and milled. The extract content was then determined using the Sohxlet method aiming to quantify the total extractives in the samples, and determine the extract content soluble in water, ethyl alcohol and hexane. The extracts were further analyzed by Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) analysis to determine their chemical composition. The extract contents in the three species behaved in a similar way, with hexane being the solvent which extracted more compounds and juazeiro the species that displayed the highest total extract content. With the chemical characterization of the extracts, it was possible to identify the presence of functional groups characteristic of carbohydrates and proteins in the aqueous extracts; the presence of characteristic hydroxyl group, for example in alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and ethers in the ethanolic extracts; and the presence of fatty acids and aromatic compounds (essential oils) in hexanolic extracts. The essential oils were the compounds which presented larger quantities, and can be exploited by the pharmaco-chemical industry

ANTIFUNGAL POTENTIAL OF BARK EXTRACTS FROM BRAZILIAN SEMI-ARID TREE SPECIES AGAINST Ganoderma spp.

Tree native species of the Caatinga (a Brazilian semi-arid biome) have characteristics of interest for the use of their wood and non-wood products, especially regarding their natural chemical compounds. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal action of different bark extracts of Anacardium occidentale, Ziziphus joazeiro and Mimosa caesalpiniifolia against Ganoderma lobatum and G. multiplicatum by in vitro mycelial inhibition. The extractions from the bark of the trees were carried out with a Soxhlet extractor, using water, ethanol and hexane as solvents. The potential of mycelia inhibition of each extract was tested against fungi of the Ganoderma genus. The hexane extracts of the bark had activity against G. multiplicatum, unlike the aqueous and ethanol extracts. Even though the hexane-based extracts had a small mycelial inhibition effect against G. lobatum, there were no satisfactory results of extracts against this fungus species

ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO DO SISTEMA ESTADUAL DE ÁREAS PROTEGIDAS DE MINAS GERAIS

Conservation Units (UC) are especially protected areas for the protection of natural resources. Minas Gerais state shelter various UC created by the various levels of government. This study aimed to identify and discuss aspects of management currently undertaken by the State System of Protected Areas of Minas Gerais (SEAP), as well as its advances, trends and obstacles, especially related to: cycle management and monitoring of results, levels of strategic management and operational; agreement results, the State Program for Results; Deployment System Management of Protected Areas - SIGAP, planning tools, relationship to the community and popular participation, human resources policy, management shared, policy cost and financing activities and bottlenecks of the process of managing the State System of Protected Areas - SEAP. The methodology used was a semi-structured interviews and questionnaires applied to all managers of UC. The results showed that the use of planning tools and management of SEAP were effective in the opinion of managers. However, they were still appointed, as limitations of the efficiency of the management of UC, the lack of infrastructure and human resources. Co-management of UC with partner institutions shows to be appropriate and promising.As Unidades de Conservação (UC) são espaços territoriais especialmente protegidos para a proteção dos recursos naturais. Minas Gerais abriga UC criadas pelos vários níveis de governo. O trabalho objetivou identificar e discutir os aspectos da gestão atualmente realizados pelo Sistema Estadual de Áreas Protegidas de Minas Gerais (SEAP), assim como seus avanços, tendências e entraves, especialmente sobre: ciclo de gestão e monitoramento de resultados; níveis de gestão estratégica e operacional; acordo de Resultados; Programa do Estado para Resultados; implantação do Sistema de Gestão de Áreas Protegidas (SIGAP); ferramentas de planejamento; relação com a comunidade e participação popular; política de recursos humanos; gestão compartilhada; política de custeio e financiamento de atividades e gargalos do processo de gestão do SEAP. A metodologia utilizada foi a de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e questionários aplicados a todos os gerentes de UC. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de ferramentas de planejamento e gestão do SEAP, na opinião dos gerentes, foi eficiente. No entanto, ainda foram apontados, como limitações da eficiência da gestão das UC, a falta de infra-estrutura e de recursos humanos. A co-gestão das UC com instituições parceiras mostra-se adequada e promissora

Influence Of English Language In The Number Of Citations Of Articles Published In Brazilian Journals Of Ophthalmology.

To determine the association between language and number of citations of ophthalmology articles published in Brazilian journals. This study was a systematic review. Original articles were identified by review of documents published at the two Brazilian ophthalmology journals indexed at Science Citation Index Expanded - SCIE [Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia (ABO) and Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia (RBO)]. All document types (articles and reviews) listed at SCIE in English (English Group) or in Portuguese (Portuguese Group) from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were included, except: editorial materials; corrections; letters; and biographical items. The primary outcome was the number of citations through the end of second year after publication date. Subgroup analysis included likelihood of citation (cited at least once versus no citation), journal, and year of publication. The search at the web of science revealed 382 articles [107 (28%) in the English Group and 275 (72%) in the Portuguese Group]. Of those, 297 (77.7%) were published at the ABO and 85 (23.3%) at the RBO. The citation counts were statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) in the English Group (1.51 - SD 1.98 - range 0 to 11) compared with the Portuguese Group (0.57 - SD 1.06 - range 0 to 7). The likelihood citation was statistically significant higher (P<0.001) in the English Group (70/107 - 65.4%) compared with the Portuguese Group (89/275 - 32.7%). There were more articles published in English at the ABO (98/297 - 32.9%) than at the RBO (9/85 - 10.6%) [P<0.001]. There were no significant difference (P=0.967) at the proportion of articles published in English at the years 2008 (48/172 - 27.9%) and 2009 (59/210 - 28.1%). The number of citations of articles published in Portuguese at Brazilian ophthalmology journals is lower than the published in English. The results of this study suggest that the editorial boards should strongly encourage the authors to adopt English as the main language in their future articles.7626-

Influência do idioma inglês no número de citações de artigos publicados em periódicos brasileiros de Oftalmologia

PURPOSE: To determine the association between language and number of citations of ophthalmology articles published in Brazilian journals. METHODS: This study was a systematic review. Original articles were identified by review of documents published at the two Brazilian ophthalmology journals indexed at Science Citation Index Expanded - SCIE [Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia (ABO) and Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia (RBO)]. All document types (articles and reviews) listed at SCIE in English (English Group) or in Portuguese (Portuguese Group) from January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2009 were included, except: editorial materials; corrections; letters; and biographical items. The primary outcome was the number of citations through the end of second year after publication date. Subgroup analysis included likelihood of citation (cited at least once versus no citation), journal, and year of publication. RESULTS: The search at the web of science revealed 382 articles [107 (28%) in the English Group and 275 (72%) in the Portuguese Group]. Of those, 297 (77.7%) were published at the ABO and 85 (23.3%) at the RBO. The citation counts were statistically significantly higher (P<0.001) in the English Group (1.51 - SD 1.98 - range 0 to 11) compared with the Portuguese Group (0.57 - SD 1.06 - range 0 to 7). The likelihood citation was statistically significant higher (P<0.001) in the English Group (70/107 - 65.4%) compared with the Portuguese Group (89/275 - 32.7%). There were more articles published in English at the ABO (98/297 - 32.9%) than at the RBO (9/85 - 10.6%) [P<0.001]. There were no significant difference (P=0.967) at the proportion of articles published in English at the years 2008 (48/172 - 27.9%) and 2009 (59/210 - 28.1%). CONCLUSION: The number of citations of articles published in Portuguese at Brazilian ophthalmology journals is lower than the published in English. The results of this study suggest that the editorial boards should strongly encourage the authors to adopt English as the main language in their future articles.OBJETIVO: Determinar a associação entre a língua e o número de citações de artigos publicados em periódicos de oftalmologia brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Este estudo foi uma revisão sistemática. Artigos originais foram identificados a partir da revisão dos documentos publicados nos dois periódicos de oftalmologia brasileiros indexados no Science Citation Index Expanded - SCIE [Arquivos Brasileiros de Oftalmologia (ABO) e Revista Brasileira de Oftalmologia (RBO)]. Todos os tipos de documentos (artigos e revisões) listados no SCIE em inglês (Grupo Inglês) ou em português (Grupo Português), de 1º de janeiro de 2008 a 31 de dezembro de 2009, foram incluídos, exceto: editoriais; correções; cartas; e biografias. O desfecho primário foi o número de citações até o segundo ano após a data de publicação. Análise de subgrupo incluiu probabilidade de citação (citado pelo menos uma vez contra nenhuma citação), periódico e ano da publicação. RESULTADOS: A pesquisa na Web of Science revelou 382 artigos [107 (28%) no Grupo Inglês e 275 (72%) no Grupo Português]. Destes, 297 (77,7%) foram publicados na ABO e 85 (23,3%) na RBO. O número de citações foi significativamente maior (P<0,001) no Grupo de Inglês (1,51 - DP 1,98 - faixa 0 to 11) em comparação com o Grupo Português (0,57 - DP 1,06 - faixa 0 to 7). A probabilidade de citação foi estatisticamente superior (P<0,001) no Grupo de Inglês (70/107 - 65,4%) comparado com o Grupo Português (89/275 - 32,7%). Havia mais artigos publicados em Inglês na ABO (98/297 - 32,9%) do que no RBO (9/85 - 10,6%) [P<0,001]. Não houve diferença significativa (P=0,967) na proporção de artigos publicados em Inglês nos anos de 2008 (48/172 - 27,9%) e 2009 (59/210 - 28,1%). CONCLUSÃO: O número de citações de artigos publicados em Português em periódicos brasileiros de oftalmologia é menor do que o publicado em Inglês. Os resultados deste estudo sugerem que os conselhos editoriais devem incentivar fortemente os autores a adotar o Inglês como língua principal em seus artigos futuros.262

An analysis of spatial dispersal in Ceratitis capitata in an orchard of the ‘Palmer’ mango using McPhail traps1

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to analyse patterns of spatial dispersal in Ceratitis capitata using two types of attractive traps and propose a predictive model of pest dispersal with the aim of determining management zones for decision-making. The experiment was conducted in an orchard of the ‘Palmer’ mango in the district of Belo Campo, Bahia. Sampling was carried out using McPhail and Jackson traps. The pattern of spatial dispersal in C. capitata was determined using the Perry and Mead Index of Dispersion, the Morisita Index, and the Local Moran index (LISA). The spatial variability of the abundance of C. capitata was obtained by geostatistical analysis, with the indicator kriging method used to prepare the location and spatial distribution maps. The Perry and Mead Index of Dispersion and the Morisita Index showed an aggregated pattern of spatial dispersal, whereas the Moran Local index showed a random pattern from 7 DFSH (days from the start of the harvest) to 35 DFSH, and an aggregated pattern at 42 DFSH. The SDI was strong at 7 and 35 DFSH and moderate at 14, 28 and 42 DFSH. The dispersal patterns of C. capitata allow an exponential predictive model to be produced, outlining strategies for exponential management zones of C. capitata, and detecting which places have the highest risk of the pest occurring

AUTONOMIC MODULATION AND FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1 AND 2 SUBJECTS

Objetivos: avaliar a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) durante testes autonômicos cardiovasculares e a capacidade funcional de indivíduos com DM tipos 1 e 2. Método: foram avaliados 15 indivíduos com DM e 12 indivíduos saudáveis, durante a realização de testes autonômicos cardiovasculares de manobra de acentuação da arritmia sinusal respiratória (ASR), handgrip e valsalva. Além disso, foi aplicado o teste submáximo de Paschoal para avaliação da capacidade funcional. Durante a realização dos testes autonômicos foi coletada a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC), por meio do registro dos intervalos RR, considerando-se os índices no domínio do tempo (RMSSD e pNN50) e da freqüência, como baixa e alta freqüência (BF e AF) e a relação entre os mesmos (BF/AF). Além da análise da VFC, foi registrado a distância percorrida durante o Teste de Paschoal e a glicemia capilar Resultados: Os valores referentes à glicemia foram significativamente maiores (p &lt; 0,05) no grupo DM1 e DM2 comparados aos controles. Os valores de pNN50 para o DM1, em todos os testes realizados, foram menores em relação ao CDM1. Nenhuma diferença estatística foi encontrada quando comparados DM2 com o CDM2. A distância percorrida no teste de Paschoal foi similar entre os grupos de indivíduos com DM e seus respectivos controles. Conclusão: A variável pNN50 foi menor nos indivíduos com DM1, sugerindo redução da atividade parassimpática nesses indivíduos, porém sem alteração da capacidade funcional, avaliada pelo teste de Paschoal quando comparados ao grupo controle. Objectives: Evaluation of heart rate variability (HRV) during cardiovascular autonomic tests and functional capacity of patients with type 1 and type 2 DM.Methods: Fifteen individuals with DM and twelve healthy ones were evaluated  during cardiovascular autonomic tests of maneuver enhancement of respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), handgrip and Valsalva. In addition, the Paschoal test was applied to evaluate submaximal functional capacity. During the tests, autonomic heart rate variability (HRV) was collected by recording the RR intervals, considering the rates in the time domain (RMSSD and pNN50) and frequency domain, as low and high frequency (LF and HF) and the relationship between them (LF / HF). Besides the analysis of HRV and capillary glucose, the distance traveled during Paschoal test was also recorded. Results: The values related to blood glucose levels were significantly higher (p &lt;0.05) in DM1 and DM2 groups compared to controls. PNN50 values for DM1 in all tests were lower compared to CDM1. No statistical difference was found when compared DM2 with CDM2. The distance of Paschoal test was similar between groups of individuals with diabetes and their respective controls. Conclusion:  The variable pNN50 was lower in individuals with DM1, suggesting reduced of the parasympathetic activity in these individuals, but no change in functional capacity, as measured by Paschoal test when compared to the control group

Agronomic evaluation of varieties of sugar cane inoculated with diazotrophic bacteria and fertilized with nitrogen

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência da inoculação de bactérias diazotróficas e da adubaçãonitrogenada, em duas variedades de cana‑de‑açúcar, cultivadas nas mesmas condições edafoclimáticas. O experimento foi conduzido durante os anos agrícolas de 2006/2007 e 2008/2009, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, instalado em março de 2006 em área de cultivo comercial, no Município de Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ. Os tratamentos foram: inoculação com bactérias diazotróficas, adubação com 120 kg ha‑1 de N, e o controle sem inoculação e sem adubação com nitrogênio. As variedades de cana‑de‑açúcar avaliadas foram RB72454 e RB867515. O inoculante continha estirpes de cinco espécies de bactérias diazotróficas. Foram feitas avaliações quanto à produtividade de colmos frescos, ao acúmulo de matéria seca total, ao N total da parte aérea e quanto à abundância natural de 15N do N disponível no solo e na cana‑de‑açúcar. As variedades apresentaram comportamentos distintos com os tratamentos, em que a RB867515 foi responsiva e a RB72454 não responsiva àinoculação e à adubação nitrogenada. Na variedade RB867515, o crescimento e o acúmulo de N total na parte aérea das plantas, promovidos pela inoculação, foram similares aos do tratamento com adubação nitrogenada.The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria and nitrogen fertilization, in two varieties of sugarcane grown under the same edaphic and climatic conditions. The experiment was carried out during the agricultural years 2006/2007 and 2008/2009, in a randomized block design with four replicates, installed in March 2006 in an area of commercial cultivation in Campos dos Goytacazescity, in Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil. The treatments were: inoculation with diazotrophic bacteria, fertilization with120 kg ha‑1 N, and a control without inoculation and without nitrogen fertilization. The sugarcane varieties evaluated were RB72454 and RB867515. The inoculant was composed of five strains of diazotrophic bacteria. Evaluations were done for fresh stalk yield, total dry matter accumulation, total N of shoots, and 15N natural abundance from available N in the soil and in sugarcane. The varieties performed differently to treatments, in which RB867515 was responsive and RB72454 unresponsive to inoculation and nitrogen fertilization. In the variety RB867515, growth and accumulation of total N in the shoots, promoted by inoculation, were similar to the ones in the treatment with N fertilization

Identification of earlier predictors of pregnancy complications through wearable technologies in a Brazilian multicentre cohort : Maternal Actigraphy Exploratory Study I (MAES-I) study protocol

Introduction Non-invasive tools capable of identifying predictors of maternal complications would be a step forward for improving maternal and perinatal health. There is an association between modification in physical activity (PA) and sleep–wake patterns and the occurrence of inflammatory, metabolic, pathological conditions related to chronic diseases. The actigraphy device is validated to estimate PA and sleep–wake patterns among pregnant women. In order to extend the window of opportunity to prevent, diagnose and treat specific maternal conditions, would it be possible to use actigraphy data to identify risk factors for the development of adverse maternal outcomes during pregnancy? Methods and analysis A cohort will be held in five centres from the Brazilian Network for Studies on Reproductive and Perinatal Health. Maternal Actigraphy Exploratory Study I (MAES-I) will enrol 400 low-risk nulliparous women who will wear the actigraphy device on their wrists day and night (24 hours/day) uninterruptedly from 19 to 21 weeks until childbirth. Changes in PA and sleep–wake patterns will be analysed throughout pregnancy, considering ranges in gestational age in women with and without maternal complications such as pre-eclampsia, preterm birth (spontaneous or provider-initiated), gestational diabetes, maternal haemorrhage during pregnancy, in addition to perinatal outcomes. The plan is to design a predictive model using actigraphy data for screening pregnant women at risk of developing specific adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes