Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DE CRYPTOSTEGIA MADAGASCARIENSIS SOB SOLOS SALINIZADOS E ESTRESSE HÍDRICO

Soil salinity is common, especially in cultivated areas, in semiarid regions in northeastern Brazil, what, combined with long periods of drought, are responsible for desertification in these areas, favoring the environmental degradation of the soil in the face of several adverse conditions of the saline environment, since, under certain circumstances, it becomes difficult and/or economically unfeasible to maintain a low level of salinity in the soil when the water is saline and we do not have an ecologically sustainable alternative. Despite this, some invasive plants such as C. madagascariensis, may be resistant to these adverse conditions. In this sense, the objective was to evaluate the nutritional status of C. madagascariensis under two types of soil, soil salinity and different water regimes, in semiarid region of northeastern Brazil. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks (DBC), with a factorialscheme of 4 x 4 x 2, corresponding to four levels of soil salinity (0.3; 1.0; 2.0 and 4.0 dS/m), four moisture contents (20% of CC; 40% of CC; 70% of CC and 110% of CC) and two types of soils (Fluvic Neosol and Vertisol), with 4 replications, totaling 128 experimental samples, conducted in a greenhouse, in northeastern semiarid region. Soil salinity negatively influenced the environmental quality of soils, directly reflecting on the environment because, according to results, C. madagascariensis young plants were nutritionally unbalanced with the increase of salinity and soil moisture simultaneously in the two types of soil studied, causing nutritional imbalance caused by disturbances in absorption, but without harming the growth of species, therefore, soil salinity can be an indication of environmental degradation such as desertification, soil erosion, loss of part of the vegetation, among others.A salinidade do solo é comum, principalmente em áreas cultivadas, em regiões semiáridas no nordeste brasileiro que, aliado a longos períodos de estiagem, são responsáveis pela desertificação nessas áreas, favorecendo a degradação ambiental do solo frente às diversas condições adversas do ambiente salino, visto que, sob certas circunstâncias, torna-se difícil e/ou economicamente inviável manter baixo nível de salinidade no solo quando a água é salina e não temos uma alternativa sustentável ecologicamente. Apesar disso, algumas plantas invasoras como a C. madagascariensis, podem apresentar resistência à essas condições adversas. Nestesentido, objetivou-se avaliar o estado nutricional de C. madagascariensis sob dois tipos de solos, salinidade do solo e diferentes regimes hídricos, no semiárido nordestino. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos casualizados (DBC), comesquema fatorial de 4 x 4 x 2, correspondente à quatro níveis de salinidade do solo (0,3; 1,0; 2,0 e 4,0 dS m-1), quatro teores de umidade (20% da CC; 40% da CC; 70% da CC e 110% da CC) e dois tipos de solos (Neossolo Flúvico e Vertissolo), com 4 repetições, totalizando 128 amostras experimentais, conduzido em casa de vegetação, no semiárido nordestino. A salinidade do solo influenciou de forma negativa a qualidade ambiental dos solos, refletindo diretamente no meio ambiental pois, conforme resultados, as plantas jovens de C. madagascariensis ficam desequilibradas nutricionalmente com o aumento da salinidade e umidade simultaneamente nos dois tipos de solos estudados, ocasionando desequilíbrio nutricional causado pelos distúrbios na absorção, mas sem prejudicar o crescimento da espécie, sendo assim, a salinidade do solo pode ser um indicativo de degradação ambiental como desertificação, erosão do solo, perda de parte da vegetação entre outros

Intoxicação experimental por Indigofera suffruticosa em caprinos e ovinos

Indigofera suffruticosa é uma planta invasora, ção. Em um caprino e um ovino foram realizados os testes que causa anemia hemolítica com hemoglobinúria em bo-de fragilidade osmótica, determinação de hemoglobina e vinos e, experimentalmente, anemia sem hemoglobinúria metemoglobina e pesquisa de corpúsculos de Heinz. Foi em cobaios. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar a comprovado que em caprinos e ovinos, I. suffruticosa cautoxicidade de I. suffruticosa para caprinos e ovinos. Par-sa anemia hemolítica sem hemoglobinúria com formação tes aéreas da planta foram administradas a seis caprinos de corpúsculos de Heinz. Os animais recuperaram-se da e quatro ovinos em doses diárias de 10, 20 e 40g por kg anemia, total ou parcialmente, mesmo com a continuidade de peso vivo, durante períodos de 2 a 24 dias. Foram ava-da administração da planta. Oito a 12 horas após a coleliados os parâmetros hematológicos (hematócrito, níveis ta observa-se pigmento azulado na urina. Sugere-se que o de hemoglobina e contagem de hemácias) e foi coletada pigmento seja anilina ou algum metabolito dessa substânurina para urinálise e observação de variações na coloracia e que a anilina seja o princípio ativo responsável pela hemólise causada por I. suffruticosa