Attentional Span Is Determined by Sport Discipline

Many studies have highlighted the impact of sport on cognitive functioning. However, more evidence is needed to explain which type of sport is more relevant. The main purpose of this study was to determine the level of attention span based on the type of sport practiced (open vs. closed). In addition, this problem was also analyzed based on gender and training hours. The study sample consisted of 547 participants (27.20% male; 72.80% female), aged between 19 and 35 years old (M = 24.19; SD = 3.74). The “Modrian Images” computerized test, hosted in MenPas Cell software(MenPas 1.0), was used to assess the attention span. The results showed that athletes playing open sports have a better attentional span than others playing closed sports. Moreover, this was also replicated when assessing by gender. Likewise, a greater number of hours in a week participating in sports is related to a better level of attentional span, being less determinant than the type of sport practiced. Data obtained suggest that playing open sports would be more related to the greater development of attention span than playing more closed sports.This research received no external funding. Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

The effects of a physical activity session on mood states

Este trabajo analiza los efectos de una sesión de actividad física sobre el estado de ánimo en un grupo adolescentes de la ciudad de Málaga (España). Participaron en este estudio 67 personas con edades entre los 14 y 17 años (M=14,93; DT= 0,99). Para evaluar el estado ánimo de la muestra se utilizó el cuestionario POMS (Profile of Mood States - McNair, Lorr y Droppleman, 1971), analizándose los siguientes factores: tensión-ansiedad, depresión-melancolía, angustia-hostilidad-cólera, vigor-actividad, fatiga-inercia y confusión-orientación. Los resultados indicaron que, tras la sesión de actividad física, disminuyeron las puntuaciones en depresión, angustia y confusión, aumentando en vigor. En función del sexo, los cambios fueron similares, aunque el estado de tensión mejoró únicamente en chicos y el vigor tuvo un aumento mayor en chicas.This article analyses the effects of a physical activity session on mood states in a group of adolescents from the city of Malaga (Spain). Participants of this study were 67 individuals aged between 14 and 17 years (M=14.93; SD= .99). Mood states in the sample were evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire (McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971) and analysing the following factors: tension-anxiety, depression-dejection, anger-hostility, vigour-activity, fatigue-inertia, and confusion-bewilderment. Results indicated that, after the physical activity session, there was a significant decrease in the depression, anxiety and confusion scores, and an increase in vigour. The changes were similar for both sexes, although the state of tension improved only for boys, and vigour increased to a greater extent in girls

Physical exercise, general self-efficacy and life satisfaction in adolescence

El propósito de este trabajo es examinar las relaciones entre práctica física, autoeficacia general y satisfacción con la vida. Participan en la investigación 2.079 adolescentes de la ciudad de Málaga (España), en edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 17 años (M=15,62; DT= 0,95). Se trata de un estudio transversal en el que se usa la encuesta como método para recoger los datos. Los instrumentos utilizados son un cuestionario de tipo sociodemográfico y sobre la práctica física realizada, la Escala de Autoeficacia General (EAG) y la Escala de Satisfacción con la Vida (SWLS). Los resultados indican que las personas activas tienen mayores niveles de autoeficacia general y satisfacción con la vida, y que existe una relación positiva entre estos constructos. Además, hay diferencias significativas en la percepción de autoeficacia en función de la frecuencia de práctica semanal y el contexto social en el que la desarrollan.The aim of this study is to examine the relationships between physical exercise, general self-efficacy and life satisfaction. Research participants are 2079 adolescents from the city of Malaga (Spain), aged between 14 and 17 years (M=15.62; ST= .95). It is a cross-sectional study, in which surveys are used to collect data. The instruments include a questionnaire about sociodemographic variables and physical exercise, the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Results show that people who are physically active have higher levels of general self-efficacy and life satisfaction and that there is a positive relationship between these constructs. In addition, there are significant differences in the perception of self-efficacy according to the frequency of physical exercise per week and the social context in which the exercise takes place

Analysis of Game Actions and Performance in Young Soccer Players: A Study Using Sequential Analysis

The objective of this research is to analyze the performance of actions in a reduced game situation in a sample of young soccer players. This is a game format in which possession of the ball has to be maintained. The sample consisted of 85 young players aged between 12 and 16 years, observing a total of 58 reduced games and using an analysis instrument called the Game Performance Assessment Instrument (GPAI). The essential data quality analyses are carried out, including the use of correlation indexes, Cohen’s Kappa and the Phi index for intra- and inter-observer reliability. Generalizability and invariance analyses are also performed to estimate the reliability, validity and precision of the numerical structure and its generalizability to other samples or populations with similar distributions. An observational design of nomothetic, punctual and multidimensional types is used, and subsequently, a sequential analysis of the game actions is carried out from the observations. The results show significant relationships between decision-making behaviors (adequate and inadequate) and technical execution behaviors (adequate and inadequate). The findings have highlighted a clear relationship of interdependence between technical execution and decision making. This information is very useful for the design and planning of training oriented to the optimization of sport performance in soccer.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Efecto agudo de la actividad fisicodeportiva y la expresión corporal sobre el estado de ánimo

Este trabajo analiza los efectos de una sesión de actividad fisicodeportiva y otra de expresión corporal sobre el estado de ánimo en un grupo de 92 adolescentes de la ciudad de Málaga (España), con edades entre los 14 y 16 años (M=14,87; DT= 0,79). En él se sigue una metodología cuasiexperimental con un diseño de tipo pre-post con grupos no equivalentes, en el que existen dos grupos experimentales que han sido sometidos a una sesión de deportes de raqueta y a otra de aeróbic. Se ha utilizado el cuestionario Profile of Mood States (POMS - McNair, Lorr, & Droppleman, 1971) para analizar los siguientes factores: tensión-ansiedad, depresión-melancolía, angustia hostilidad-cólera, vigor-actividad, fatiga-inercia y confusión-orientación. Los resultados indican que, tras la intervención, el estado de ánimo mejora en ambos grupos experimentales, observándose un efecto significativo en aquellos grupos que practican actividad física

Influencia de la autoestima en las relaciones entre el liderazgo transformacional con la satisfacción en la Educación Física escolar y la autoeficacia motriz

Esta investigación pretende determinar las asociaciones entre liderazgo transformacional del profesor con la satisfacción o el aburrimiento en las clases de Educación Física, en la etapa de secundaria, y con su percepción de autoeficacia motriz, analizando la influencia de la autoestima en estas relaciones. El diseño de esta investigación sigue una estrategia asociativa y explicativa, mediante el uso de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales. Para recoger la información se utilizaron el Cuestionario de Enseñanza Transformacional (TTQ), el cuestionario de Satisfacción Intrínseca en el Deporte adaptado a la Educación Física (SSI-EF), el Cuestionario de Autoestima de Rosenberg y la Escala de Autoeficacia Motriz (EAM). La muestra estuvo compuesta por 476 adolescentes (50.84% género femenino) de la provincia de Jaén que cursaban entre 2º y 4º de ESO, con edades entre los 13 y 17 años (M= 14.56; DT= 1.12). Se ha observado una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el liderazgo transformacional con la satisfacción y el aburrimiento en Educación Física, así como con la autoeficacia motriz. Además, se ha puesto de relieve la influencia de la autoestima en las relaciones entre dichas variables.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Perceived Motivational Climate Determines Self-Confidence and Precompetitive Anxiety in Young Soccer Players: Analysis by Gender

The main objective of this study was to analyze whether the perception of the motivational climate in young soccer players determines the level of competitive anxiety and self-confidence. In addition, the results were explored according to gender, in order to observe if there were differences between the female and male categories. A total of 113 cadet and youth soccer players from six soccer teams in the provinces of Malaga and Granada, aged between 14 and 19 years, who competed in regional leagues, participated in the study. Of these, 50 were female and 63 were male. The Competitive Sport Anxiety (CSAI-2), Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (PMCSQ-2), and Self-Confidence in Sport Competition Questionnaire (CACD) were used to collect the information. Correlation, linear regression and cluster analyses were performed. The data analyses carried out affirmed the relationship between the study variables, observing that the perception of ego climate was positively related to cognitive anxiety (p < 0.05) and insecurity (p < 0.01), and inversely to self-confidence (p < 0.05). By gender, boys showed a higher perception of an ego-oriented (p < 0.001) and lower perception of a task-oriented climate (p < 0.05) than girls. However, girls showed a greater intensity in the relationships related to ego climate and lower scores in self-confidence (p < 0.01), as well as higher scores in insecurity (p < 0.001). The results have shown positive relationships between self-confidence and a task-oriented climate, as well as negative ones with an ego-oriented climate. It is also observed that ego orientation generates more insecurity and anxiety, which is more evident in girls.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Mála

Testing Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of Basic Psychological Needs in the Digital Version of the Sport Scale

Motivation is an important field in sport because it is related to the satisfaction, psychological well-being, or adherence to sport. The Psychological Need Satisfaction in Exercise Scale (PNSE) is one of the questionnaires that assess motivation from the Self-Determination Theory. Online tools are growing because of the advantages that they offer. The PNSE has been validated in different populations but never in its digital version. The aim of the present study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the digital version of the PNSE hosted on the MenPas platform. The current study included 1050 platform users aged 18 to 58 who engage in regular physical-sports activity. A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the 18-item model was conducted, and invariance was performed according to gender and type of sport. The results indicated that the measurement model displayed a good fit to the data: (CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.08, SRMR = 0.06; df = 132; B-S p = 0.02–0.07): general sample (χ2 = 934.86, χ2/df = 7.08), female (χ2 = 699.94, χ2/df = 5.30), male (χ2 = 442.42, χ2/df = 3.35) individual sports (χ2 = 753.17, χ2/df = 5.71), and team sports (χ2 = 390.44, χ2/df = 2.96). Appropriate values of invariance, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and composite reliability were obtained. The digital version of the PNSE shows adequate psychometric properties and it could improve the data collection process in future investigations.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Testing the Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2): Online Assessment

Athletes’ perception of competence and success can be influenced by the motivational climate created by the coach. The Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire (PMCSQ-2) assesses this. Although its reliability and validity have been analyzed in previous studies, this has never been done for the online version. This type of evaluation can be beneficial for data collection, sustainability, speed, and generating larger samples. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the PMCSQ-2 in its online version. The sample consisted of 1637 participants (37.8% men and 62.2% women) from 18 to 68 years of age (M = 24.39, SD = 6.51) who practiced physical-sport activities regularly. A second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model and its invariance for gender were studied from a 24-item version obtained from the MenPas 1.0 platform. The analyses provided an adequate fit for the CFA (CFI = 0.91, TLI = 0.90, RMSEA = 0.07, SRMR = 0.07, df = 224, B-S p = 0.02–0.07) when an alternative model was realized (χ2 = 1858.89, χ2/df = 8.30), as they also did for the women (χ2 = 1356.90, χ2/df = 6.06), men (χ2 = 883.58, χ2/df = 3.95) individual sports (χ2 = 1153.55, χ2/df = 5.15), and team sports (χ2 = 1008.92, χ2/df = 4.05) items. The data were also suitable for invariance analysis. Similarly, appropriate values were obtained for convergent and discriminant validity and for composite reliability. Therefore, the results obtained show appropriate psychometric properties for the online version of the PMCSQ-2 using an alternative model, suggesting that its use is suitable for research and showing the importance of the subscales.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Effects of Physical Exercise on Executive Function in Adults with Depression: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Executive function is among the most affected cognitive dimensions in depression. Physical exercise may improve executive function (e.g., working memory, inhibition, cognitive flexibility), although this is without consensus on adults with depression. Through this systematic review, we aim to elucidate the effects of physical exercise programs on executive functions in adults with depression. The literature search was performed in four relevant electronic databases, combining keywords and medical subject headings, from inception until September 2022. Controlled interventions, involving adults with depression, and reporting working memory, inhibition, and/or cognitive flexibility pre-post-intervention data, were considered includable. Results from meta-analyses included effect size (ES, i.e., Hedges’ g) values reported with 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), with p set at ≤0.05. Seven studies were included, including 202 men and 457 women (age: 21.0–51.2 years; mild–moderate depression). For working memory, a small favoring effect was observed in the experimental groups compared with controls (ES = 0.33, 95%CI = 0.04–0.61; p = 0.026; I2 = 64.9%). For inhibition, physical exercise had a small favoring non-significant effect compared with controls (ES = 0.28, 95%CI = −0.17–0.74; p = 0.222; I2 = 72.4%). Compared with the control group, physical exercise had a trivial effect on cognitive flexibility (ES = 0.09, 95%CI = −0.21–0.39; p = 0.554; I2 = 68.4%). In conclusion, physical exercise interventions may improve working memory behavioral measures in adults with mild-to-moderate depression when compared with active and passive control conditions. However, the reduced number of available high-quality studies precludes more lucid conclusionsPartial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag