Câncer de orofaringe HPV positivo: comportamentos sexuais de risco

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas have traditionally been associated with tobacco and alcohol use. Although smoking rates had been decreasing, there is an increase in the incidence of Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in the last years. This increase of Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas is noticed in one specific type, Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, mainly the HPV16 type, a high-risk HPV. Transmission of HPV is known as occur through sexual contact but many researches differ on which kind of sexual contact is the responsible for the HPV infection. Objective: The objective of this review is to verify in the literature if there is a pattern of sexual behavior that is more related with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma HPV positive. The habits most associated with Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas are oral sex and multiples sexual partners. The occurrence of this habits in the population varies from local culture, social status and ethnic group. In this context, health care professionals have a major responsibility in orientating about aspects of the disease, risk factors, vaccination and prognosis. Further researches are necessary to clarify the role of vaccination for HPV in future changes in the Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas prevalence.O carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe é tradicionamente associado com uso de tabaco e álcool. Apesar da prevalência de tabagistas ter diminuído, a prevalência de carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe vem aumentando. Esse aumento do carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe pode ser notado em um tipo específico, o associado com infecção pelo papilomavirus humano (HPV), principalmente o HPV 16, um subtipo de HPV de alto risco. A transmissão do HPV é conhecidamente por contato sexual, mas muitas pesquisas diferem quanto ao tipo de contato responsável pela infecção pelo HPV. Objetivo: O objetivo dessa revisão é verificar se existe na literatura um padrão de comportamento sexual que está mais relacionado com o câncer de orofaringe HPV positivo. Os hábitos mais associados com carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe são realização de sexo oral e múltiplos parceiros sexuais. A ocorrência desses hábitos na população variam conforme a cultura local, nível social e grupos étnicos. Nesse contexto, profissionais de saúde têm grande responsabilidade na orientação sobre aspectos da doença, fatores de risco, vacinação e prognósticos. Outras pesquisas ainda são necessárias para determinar qual é o papel da vacinação contra HPV em futuras mudanças na prevalência do carcinoma de células escamosas de orofaringe

Reconstructing transcriptional regulatory networks using data integration and text mining

Transcriptional Regulatory Networks (TRNs) are powerful tool for representing several interactions that occur within a cell. Recent studies have provided information to help researchers in the tasks of building and understanding these networks. One of the major sources of information to build TRNs is biomedical literature. However, due to the rapidly increasing number of scientific papers, it is quite difficult to analyse the large amount of papers that have been published about this subject. This fact has heightened the importance of Biomedical Text Mining approaches in this task. Also, owing to the lack of adequate standards, as the number of databases increases, several inconsistencies concerning gene and protein names and identifiers are common. In this work, we developed an integrated approach for the reconstruction of TRNs that retrieve the relevant information from important biological databases and insert it into a unique repository, named KREN. Also, we applied text mining techniques over this integrated repository to build TRNs. However, was necessary to create a dictionary of names and synonyms associated with these entities and also develop an approach that retrieves all the abstracts from the related scientific papers stored on PubMed, in order to create a corpora of data about genes. Furthermore, these tasks were integrated into @Note, a software system that allows to use some methods from the Biomedical Text Mining field, including an algorithms for Named Entity Recognition (NER), extraction of all relevant terms from publication abstracts, extraction relationships between biological entities (genes, proteins and transcription factors). And finally, extended this tool to allow the reconstruction Transcriptional Regulatory Networks through using scientific literature

Tactful opportunistic forwarding: What human routines and cooperation can improve?

International audienceOpportunistic D2D forwarding algorithms have leveraged human mobility characteristics to improve cost-effective content delivery. Most previous proposals focused on traditional or simplistic human-centered metrics to improve performance in scenarios such as cellular data offloading. Still, there is a need to approximate algorithm's metrics to inherent in-depth aspects of human mobility hidden into real datasets while leveraging more realistic scenarios interesting to mobile operators. This work proposes TOOTS, a novel human-aware opportunistic D2D forwarding strategy for cost-effective content delivery on cellular networks. TOOTS features a dissemination policy and a forwarding algorithm that leverages wireless encounters patterns, temporal, spatial, geographic, and direction awareness to improve cost-effectiveness delivery. These characteristics are extracted from NCCU and GRM datasets. We compare TOOTS with the most popular state-of-art social-aware algorithm, Bubble Rap, combined with three dissemination policies. Results from TOOTS show increased performance in terms of delivery rate, delivery latency, and overhead.Les algorithmes de transfert opportunistes D2D ont exploité les caractéristiques de la mobilité humaine pour améliorer la livraison de contenu rentable. La plupart des propositions précédentes se sont concentrées sur des mesures traditionnelles ou simplistes centrées sur l'homme pour améliorer les performances dans des scénarios tels que le déchargement de données cellulaires. Néanmoins, il est nécessaire de rapprocher les métriques de l'algorithme des aspects inhérents en profondeur de la mobilité humaine cachés dans des ensembles de données réels tout en tirant parti de scénarios plus réalistes intéressants pour les opérateurs mobiles. Ce travail propose TOOTS, une nouvelle stratégie de transmission D2D opportuniste consciente de l'homme pour la livraison de contenu rentable sur les réseaux cellulaires. TOOTS propose une politique de diffusion et un algorithme de transmission qui tire parti des modèles de rencontres sans fil, de la sensibilité temporelle, spatiale, géographique et de la direction pour améliorer le rapport coût-efficacité. Ces caractéristiques sont extraites des ensembles de données NCCU et GRM. Nous comparons TOOTS avec l'algorithme social de pointe le plus populaire, Bubble Rap, combiné à trois politiques de diffusion. Les résultats de TOOTS montrent des performances accrues en termes de taux de livraison, de latence de livraison et de frais généraux

Combining syntactic and ontological knowledge to extract biologically relevant relations from scientific papers

Bringing biologists and text miners closer together is a major aim towards the general usage of literature mining tools. Our contribution to this aim is an end-user tool for the extraction of problem-specific biologically relevant relations. Development efforts are being focused on easy-to-use text mining workflows including commonly available entity recognisers and syntactic processors, and the construction of a userfriendly environment that enables problemspecific tailoring by biologists.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT)Systems Biology as a Driver for Industrial Biotechnology (SYSINBIO

Tactful Networking: Humans in the Communication Loop

International audienceThis survey discusses the human-perspective into networking through the Tactful Networking paradigm, whose goal is to add perceptive senses to the network by assigning it with human-like capabilities of observation, interpretation, and reaction to daily-life features and associated entities. To achieve this, knowledge extracted from inherent human behavior in terms of routines, personality, interactions, and others is leveraged, empowering the learning and prediction of user needs to improve QoE and system performance while respecting privacy and fostering new applications and services. Tactful Networking groups solutions from literature and innovative interdisciplinary human aspects studied in other areas. The paradigm is motivated by mobile devices' pervasiveness and increasing presence as a sensor in our daily social activities. With the human element in the foreground, it is essential: (i) to center big data analytics around individuals; (ii) to create suitable incentive mechanisms for user participation; (iii) to design and evaluate both humanaware and system-aware networking solutions; and (iv) to apply prior and innovative techniques to deal with human-behavior sensing and learning. This survey reviews the human aspect in networking solutions through over a decade, followed by discussing the tactful networking impact through literature in behavior analysis and representative examples. This paper also discusses a framework comprising data management, analytics, and privacy for enhancing human raw-data to assist Tactful Networking solutions. Finally, challenges and opportunities for future research are presented

Sobre uma fundamentação não reflexiva da mecânica quântica

This is an expository article in which we discuss a cluster of topics related to the foundations of quantum physics, mainly regarding the concepts of identity and of individuality of the basic entities dealt with by the theory (or group of theories). We propose that, if one wants to ground the formal counterpart of a possible view of quantum entities as objects devoid of individuality, there are basically two possible alternatives: (a) to maintain classical logic and standard mathematics, say by using a set theory such as the Zermelo-Fraenkel system - in this case we can either assume certain symmetry conditions that enable us to speak about the non-individuality of the quantum entities, or restrict ourselves to certain classes in which only a weaker relation of indistinguishability is defined; (b) to elaborate a new mathematical theory, in which the non-individuality of certain objects is assumed ab initio. After discussing the first alternative by presenting "inner models" of ZFU and of ZFC set theories, in which identity is restricted in some way, we comment on its advantages and disadvantages. Then, motivated by the second hypothesis, we sketch the main aspects of what could be taken as a quantum mechanics grounded on a possible set theory, quasi-set theory, that departs from the standard systems. Since the underlying logic of quasi-set theory is a non-reflexive logic, we call the corresponding mechanics non-reflexive quantum mechanics.Este é um artigo de caráter expositivo, no qual discutimos uma variedade de tópicos relacionados aos fundamentos da física quântica, com destaque para os conceitos de identidade e de individualidade das entidades básicas tratadas por essa teoria (ou grupo de teorias). Consideramos que, se se deseja fundamentar a contraparte formal de uma possível visão das entidades quânticas como objetos destituídos de individualidade, há basicamente duas alternativas possíveis: (a) manter-nos no escopo da lógica e da matemática tradicionais, digamos em uma teoria de conjuntos como Zermelo-Fraenkel, e, nesse caso, podemos ou assumir certas condições de simetria que de certo modo nos permitem falar da não individualidade, ou restringir-nos a certas classes nas quais apenas uma relação mais fraca de indistinguibilidade está definida; (b) elaborar uma teoria matemática nova, na qual certa forma de não individualidade está ab initio incorporada para algumas das entidades. Discutimos a primeira hipótese apresentando "modelos internos" de ZFU e ZFC, onde a identidade é restrita de alguma forma, e comentamos vantagens e desvantagens dessa abordagem. Motivada pela segunda hipótese, é então desenvolvida, em seus traços principais, o que poderia ser uma mecânica quântica fundamentada em uma das possíveis teorias de conjuntos distintas das clássicas, a teoria de quase conjuntos. Como a lógica subjacente à teoria de quase conjuntos é uma lógica não reflexiva, a mecânica correspondente é denominada de mecânica quântica não reflexiva

Uma Aplicação da Matemática Nebulosa na Usabilidade de Pacotes Estatísticos

O presente trabalho apresenta uma aplicação da matemática nebulosa com a finalidade de se elaborar futuros estudos comparativos de pacotes estatísticos com relação à usabilidade. A metodologia foi aplicada ao pacote PHSTAT. Utilizou-se um questionário para a coleta da opinião dos usuários, dos quais foram obtidos os valores preliminares da usabilidade desse pacote. Para se obter cientificamente o resultado inicial dessa pesquisa, foi decidido delimitar o universo dos usuários a serem estudados. Para tal, a pesquisa foi centralizada entre os usuários-alunos do curso de graduação em Administração das Faculdades IBMEC-RJ. A metodologia aqui apresentada é inovadora, e foi desenvolvida por um grupo de estudo de vinte e cinco integrantes, no Ibmec-RJ em 2006, utilizando-se da matemática nebulosa para consolidar as informações coletadas e apresentar o resultado final para usabilidade

USE OF AMPHOTERICIN B IN THE SIMULTANEOUS TREATMENT OF CHROMOBLASTOMYCOSIS AND AMERICAN TEGUMENTARY LEISHMANIASIS: A CASE REPORT

ABSTRACT Chromoblastomycosis (CMB) is a polymorphic fungal disease that usually affects the lower limbs and manifests as verrucous nodules or plaques that may ulcerate. American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis (ATL) is an infectious parasitic disease caused by digenetic protozoa of the genus Leishmania sp. which affects the skin and/or mucous membranes of man and various species of wild and domestic animals. Both are part of the World Health Organization (WHO) neglected tropical diseases portfolio, mostly affecting economically vulnerable populations without adequate sanitation and in close contact with infectious vectors. We present the report of a 59-year-old male patient, referred to the Hospital Geral Público de Palmas (HGPP) in December 2017, carrying a positive result from a direct parasitological detection test for Leishmania sp., in addition to multiple previously biopsied lesions caused by CMB. It was observed that the patient had an important improvement of the CMB lesions with the use of amphotericin B in combination with itraconazole, thus demonstrating the role that the former can play in the therapy of this fungal disease.   Keywords: Chromoblastomycosis; American Tegumentary leishmaniasis; Amphotericin B. RESUMO A cromoblastomicose (CBM) é uma doença fúngica polimórfica, que acomete normalmente os membros inferiores e que se manifesta como nódulos ou placas verrucosas que podem ulcerar. A leishmaniose tegumentar (LT) é uma doença infectoparasitária causada por protozoários digenéticos do gênero Leishmania sp. que acomete a pele e/ou mucosas do homem e de várias espécies de animais silvestres e domésticos. Ambas fazem parte do portfólio de doenças negligenciadas da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), afetando em sua maioria pessoas economicamente vulneráveis, sem saneamento adequado e em contato próximo com vetores infecciosos. Apresentamos neste trabalho o relato de um paciente, masculino, 59 anos, encaminhado ao Hospital Geral Público de Palmas (HGPP) em dezembro de 2017, portando exame parasitológico direto positivo para Leishmania sp., além de múltiplas lesões causadas por CBM previamente biopsiadas. Foi observado que o paciente teve importante melhora das lesões de CBM com uso da anfotericina B em associação ao itraconazol, demonstrando o papel que essa droga pode exercer na terapêutica desta doença fúngica. Palavras-chave: Cromoblastomicose; Leishmaniose Tegumentar; Anfotericina B

Peripheral Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst : a rare case report

The Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) is a simple cyst lined by ameloblastoma-like epithelium with ghost cells. The peripheral COC is a rare lesion and few reports have been published considering its clinical and histopathological features. This article aimed to report on a case of a peripheral COC, discussing its clinical, imaginological and histopathological features. A 9-year-old male patient presented a 10x5 mm painless nodule in the palatal mucosa of the left central incisor. Panoramic, occlusal and periapical radiographs did not show alterations. A computed tomography exam showed a slight soft tissue swelling located in the palatal mucosa of the left maxillary central incisor. An excisional biopsy was performed. The histopathological analysis showed a cystic lesion adhered to an oral mucosa fragment and lined by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium with ghost cells. The diagnosis of peripheral COC was established and the patient has been disease-free for 5 years. Although rare, peripheral COC is an important lesion that should be considered as a differential diagnosis of gingival hyperplastic lesions