Parent Motivational Climate, Sport Enrollment Motives, and Young Athlete Commitment and Enjoyment in Year-Round Swimming

International Journal of Exercise Science 15(5): 358-372, 2022. Parents are known to influence the athlete sport experience through motivational climates. Athletes’ perception of motivational climates and their own motives for sport participation influence enjoyment and long-term sport commitment. It is unknown, however, the extent parent motives for initially enrolling their child in a year-round sports program associate with children’s sport participation enjoyment and commitment. The purposes of this study were to (a) determine parent motives for enrolling their child (5-8 years) in year-round swimming and (b) explore the relationships of parent motives and motivational climates with child enjoyment and commitment. Parents (n = 40) completed questionnaires on enrollment motives and motivational climate, while children (n = 40) answered questions on enjoyment and commitment. Of the seven motives measured, parents enrolled children in swimming primarily for fitness benefits (M = 4.5, SD = .45) followed by skill mastery (M = 4.31, SD = .48) and fun (M = 4.10, SD = .51) reasons. Findings revealed the fitness motive was moderately, negatively correlated with the success-without-effort facet of a performance climate (r = -.50, p \u3c .01). The fun motive was moderately, positively associated with commitment (r = .43, p \u3c .01). Parent motives for enrolling their child in sport may impact the young child sport experience and long-term sport continuation via motivational climates, enjoyment, and commitment

Spanish version of Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) for the measurement of burnout in soccer players

El Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) es un cuestionario de 15 ítems que mide tres componentes del burnout en deportistas: agotamiento físico/emocional, reducida sensación de logro y devaluación de la práctica deportiva. En una investigación preliminar, el ABQ fue traducido al castellano y aplicado a una muestra de 140 jóvenes futbolistas varones. Basándonos en las conclusiones obtenidas en dicho trabajo, en el presente estudio se incluyeron enunciados alternativos para aquellos ítems cuyo funcionamiento no fue satisfactorio. Se aplicó una versión de 21 ítems a 326 futbolistas de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 14 y 23 años. Mediante análisis de ítems y análisis factorial, el cuestionario fue reducido a 15 ítems. El ajuste de la estructura tridimensional hipotetizada se comprobó mediante un análisis factorial confirmatorio, obteniéndose índices de ajuste aceptables con valores de ,97 para CFI; ,96 para NNFI; ,93 para GFI; ,059 para RMSEA y ,061 para RMRThe Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) is a 15-item questionnaire that comprises three subscales: emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment, and sport devaluation. In a preliminary work, the ABQ was translated into Spanish and administered to 140 male soccer players. In the present study, we include alternative statements for weaker items. A 21-item version was administered to a sample of 326 soccer players of both sexes aged 14-23 years old. Using item and factor analyses, the questionnaire was shortened to 15 items. Then, the data was submitted to confirmatory factor analysis to corroborate the usual three-factor structure. Overall fit of the model was acceptable with a value of .97 for CFI, .96 for NNFI, .93 for GFI, .059 RMSEA, and .061 for RMREsta investigación ha sido realizada con el apoyo económico del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y del Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional-FEDER (SEJ2007-67278/PSIC)S

Adaptación del ABQ para la evaluación del burnout en deportistas colombianos

El Athlete Burnout Questionnaire es el instrumento más ampliamente utilizado para la medida del burnout en deportistas. Fue desarrollado por Raedeke y Smith (2001, 2009) para la evaluación de las tres subescalas que componen el síndrome: agotamiento físico/emocional, reducida sensación de logro y devaluación de la práctica deportiva. La finalidad de este estudio fue validar la versión española del Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) en el contexto deportivo colombiano. Esta versión había mostrado buenas propiedades psicométricas en un estudio anterior (Arce, De Francisco, Andrade, Arce y Raedeke, 2010) por lo que se consideró adecuada para el presente trabajo. El instrumento se aplicó a 493 deportistas colombianos de ambos sexos con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 29 años, como en la adaptación española. Análisis confirmatorios sucesivos lograron replicar la versión española del ABQ. Los índices de ajuste global del modelo mostraron un buen ajuste: el valor del cociente entre el estadístico chi-cuadrado (176.46) y sus grados de libertad (85) fue de 2.07, GFI y CFI alcanzaron un valor de .95 y NNFI mostró un valor de .94. Los valores de RMSEA y SRMR fueron de .05. Además las cargas factoriales fueron todas significativas. Con respecto a la fiabilidad del cuestionario medida mediante el Alpha de Cronbach, mostró valores entre .55 y .75. De cara al futuro, sería de interés realizar un estudio comparativo entre las características psicométricas del cuestionario con datos recogidos en una muestra colombiana y en una muestra españolaThe Athlete Burnout Questionnaire is the instrument more widely used for the measurement of burnout in athletes. It was developed by Raedeke and Smith (2001, 2009) for the evaluation of the three subscales that compose the syndrome: emotional/ physical exhaustion, reduced sense of accomplishment and devaluation of the sport practice. The purpose of this study was to validate the Spanish version of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire (ABQ) in sports Colombian context. This version was showed good psychometric properties in preview study (Arce, De Francisco, Andrade, Arce and Raedeke, 2010). So, it was considered appropriate for this present work. The instrument was applied to a sample of 493 Colombian athletes of both sexes aged 13-29 years old. Successive confirmatory factory analysis successfully replicated the Spanish version of the ABQ. The model’s global fit indices were good: the value of the quotient between the statistical chisquare (176.46) and its degrees of freedom (85) was of 2.07, GFI and CFI reached a value of .95 and NNFI showed a value of .94. The values of RMSEA and SRMR were of .05. All factorial loads were significant. The reliability of the questionnaire measured with Alpha of Cronbach, showed values between .55 and .75. With regard to future studies, it would be interesting a comparative study between the psychometric characteristics of the data collected in a Colombian sample and a Spanish sampleO Athlete Burnout Questionnaire é o instrumento usado mais extensamente para a medida do burnout nos desportistas. Foi desenvolvido por Raedeke e por Smith (2001, 2009) para a avaliação das três subescalas que compõem a síndrome: esgotamento físico/ emocional, reduzido à sensação do lucro e à desvalorização da prática do esporte. A finalidade deste estudo era validar a versão espanhola do questionário do Burnout do atleta (ABQ) no contexto colombiano do esporte. Esta versão tinha mostrado propriedades boas dos psicométricas em um estúdio prévio (Arce, De Francisco, Andrade, Arce y Raedeke, 2010), razão porque se considerou apropriado para o trabalho atual. O instrumento foi aplicado a 493 desportistas colombianos de ambos os sexos com idades entre os 13 e 29 anos, como na adaptação espanhola. As análises de confirmação sucessivas controlaram falar para trás a versão espanhola do ABQ. Os índices do ajuste global do modelo mostraram um ajuste bom: o valor do quociente entre o chi quadrado estatístico (176.46) e seus graus de liberdade (85) era de 2.07, de GFI e de CFI alcançou um valor de .95 e NNFI mostrou um valor de .94. Os valores de RMSEA e de SRMR eram de .05. Ademais as cargas fatoriais eram tudo significativas. Com respeito à confiabilidade do questionário mediu por meio do alfa de Cronbach, mostrou valores no meio .55 e .75. Enfrentando o futuro, seria de o interesse fazer um estudo comparativo entre as características dos psicométricas do questionário com dados recolhidos em uma amostra colombiana e em uma amostra espanholaS

Perspectives on the future of burnout in sport

The present editorial provides a series of perspectives on the future of burnout in sport. Specifically, for the first time, seven burnout researchers offer their opinions and suggestions for how, as a field, we can progress our understanding of this important topic. A broad range of ideas are discussed including the relevance of the social context, the value of theory and collaboration, and the use of public health frameworks in future work. It is hoped that these perspectives will help stimulate debate, reinforce and renew priorities, and guide research in this area over the coming years

Autonomy support, basic need satisfaction and the optimal functioning of adult male and female sport participants: A test of basic needs theory

Grounded in Basic Needs Theory (BNT; Ryan and Deci, American Psychologist, 55, 68–78, 2000a), the present study aimed to: (a) test a theoretically-based model of coach autonomy support, motivational processes and well-/ill being among a sample of adult sport participants, (b) discern which basic psychological need(s) mediate the link between autonomy support and well-/ill-being, and (c) explore gender invariance in the hypothesized model. Five hundred and thirty nine participants (Male = 271;Female = 268; Mage = 22.75) completed a multi-section questionnaire tapping the targeted variables. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis revealed that coach autonomy support predicted participants’ basic need satisfaction for autonomy, competence and relatedness. In turn, basic need satisfaction predicted greater subjective vitality when engaged in sport. Participants with low levels of autonomy were more susceptible to feeling emotionally and physically exhausted from their sport investment. Autonomy and competence partially mediated the path from autonomy support to subjective vitality. Lastly, the results supported partial invariance of the model with respect to gender

Exploring user experience and technology acceptance for a fall prevention system: results from a randomized clinical trial and a living lab

Background: Falls are common in older adults and can result in serious injuries. Due to demographic changes, falls and related healthcare costs are likely to increase over the next years. Participation and motivation of older adults in fall prevention measures remain a challenge. The iStoppFalls project developed an information and communication technology (ICT)-based system for older adults to use at home in order to reduce common fall risk factors such as impaired balance and muscle weakness. The system aims at increasing older adults’ motivation to participate in ICT-based fall prevention measures. This article reports on usability, user-experience and user-acceptance aspects affecting the use of the iStoppFalls system by older adults. Methods: In the course of a 16-week international multicenter study, 153 community-dwelling older adults aged 65+ participated in the iStoppFalls randomized controlled trial, of which half used the system in their home to exercise and assess their risk of falling. During the study, 60 participants completed questionnaires regarding the usability, user experience and user acceptance of the iStoppFalls system. Usability was measured with the System Usability Scale (SUS). For user experience the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) was applied. User acceptance was assessed with the Dynamic Acceptance Model for the Re-evaluation of Technologies (DART). To collect more detailed data on usability, user experience and user acceptance, additional qualitative interviews and observations were conducted with participants. Results: Participants evaluated the usability of the system with an overall score of 62 (Standard Deviation, SD 15.58) out of 100, which suggests good usability. Most users enjoyed the iStoppFalls games and assessments, as shown by the overall PACES score of 31 (SD 8.03). With a score of 0.87 (SD 0.26), user acceptance results showed that participants accepted the iStoppFalls system for use in their own home. Interview data suggested that certain factors such as motivation, complexity or graphical design were different for gender and age. Conclusions: The results suggest that the iStoppFalls system has good usability, user experience and user acceptance. It will be important to take these along with factors such as motivation, gender and age into consideration when designing and further developing ICT-based fall prevention systems

Dieting practices, weight perceptions, and body composition: A comparison of normal weight, overweight, and obese college females

BACKGROUND: Of concern to health educators is the suggestion that college females practice diet and health behaviors that contradict the 2005 dietary guidelines for Americans. In this regard, there remain gaps in the research related to dieting among college females. Namely, do normal weight individuals diet differently from those who are overweight or obese, and are there dieting practices used by females that can be adapted to promote a healthy body weight? Since it is well recognized that females diet, this study seeks to determine the dieting practices used among normal, overweight, and obese college females (do they diet differently) and identify dieting practices that could be pursued to help these females more appropriately achieve and maintain a healthy body weight. METHODS: A total of 185 female college students aged 18 to 24 years participated in this study. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences, and skinfold thickness were measured to assess body composition. Surveys included a dieting practices questionnaire and a 30-day physical activity recall. Participants were classified according to body mass index (BMI) as normal weight (n = 113), overweight (n = 35), or obese (n = 21). Data were analyzed using JMP IN® software. Descriptive statistics included means, standard deviations, and frequency. Subsequent data analysis involved Pearson X(2 )and one-way analysis of variance with comparison for all pairs that were significantly different using Tukey-Kramer honestly significant difference test. RESULTS: Outcomes of this study indicate the majority of participants (83%) used dieting for weight loss and believed they would be 2% to 6% greater than current weight if they did not diet; normal weight, overweight, and obese groups perceived attractive weight to be 94%, 85%, and 74%, respectively, of current weight; 80% of participants reported using physical activity to control weight, although only 19% exercised at a level that would promote weight loss; only two of 15 dieting behaviors assessed differed in terms of prevalence of use among groups, which were consciously eating less than you want (44% normal weight, 57% overweight, 81% obese) and using artificial sweeteners (31% normal weight and overweight, 5% obese); and the most prevalent explicit maladaptive weight loss behavior was smoking cigarettes (used by 9% of participants) and most unhealthy was skipping breakfast (32%). CONCLUSION: Collectively, results indicate female college students, regardless of weight status, would benefit from open discussions with health educators regarding healthy and effective dieting practices to achieve/maintain a healthy body weight. The results are subject to replication among high school, middle-aged, and older females