The Level of Quality of Work Life among Public School Teachers in Jerash Governorate

The study aimed to identify the level of quality of work life among public school teachers in Jerash governorate from the perspective of teachers themselves, and to identify the impact of variables (gender, educational stage and years of experience) in teachers\u27 estimations for their level of quality of work life. The sample of the study consisted of (384) teachers. The descriptive survey methodology was used, and a questionnaire consisted of (30) items was used and distributed on six domains. The results of the study showed that the level of quality of work life among teachers was (high) in all domains of the study and the tool as a whole, and the results showed that there were no significant statistical differences at the level of statistical significance (α =0.05) in teachers\u27 estimations for their level of quality of work life due to the variables (gender, educational stage and years of experience)

FDTD Method Simulation with Perfect Matching Layer at GSM Frequency

The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is one of the most widely used computational methods in electromagnetic. This paper study the simulation of wave propagation using one and two Finite Difference Time Domain method has been studied. It being used to study the time evolution behavior of electromagnetic field by solving the Maxwell's equation in time domain using perfect matching layer boundary condition. The basic idea is this that the amount of reflected waves is dictated by the intrinsic impedance of the two medium. The software is developed using Matlab programming language. Numerical examples validate the software. is more general since it includes both the propagating mode regime and the evanescent mode regime. Robert et al studied an adaptive finite element method for the wave scattering with transparent boundary [10]. Also viewpoint allows PMLs to be derived for inhomogeneous media such as waveguides, as well as for other coordinate systems and wave equations [11]. In this work we studied the simulation of global system mobile wave propagation using one and two Finite Difference Time Domain method. It being used to study the time evolution behavior of electromagnetic field by solving the Maxwell's equation in time domain using perfect matching layer boundary condition

Thermal Analysis of a New Sliding Smart Window Integrated with Vacuum Insulation, Photovoltaic, and Phase Change Material

A zero-energy building (ZEB) requires an innovative integration of technologies, in which windows play a paramount role in energy reduction, storage, and generation. This study contributes to four innovative designs of sliding smart windows. It integrates air-gap (AG), phase change material (PCM), photovoltaic (PV), and vacuum glazing (VG) technologies. These smart sliding windows are proposed to generate electricity along with achieving efficient thermal insulations and heat storage simultaneously. A two-dimensional multiphysics thermal model that couples the PCM melting and solidification model, PV model, natural convection in the cavity, and the surface-to-surface radiation model in the vacuum gap are developed for the first time. The model is validated with data in the literature. The transient simulations were carried out to investigate the thermo-electrical performance of a window with an area of 1 m by 1 m for the meteorological conditions of Kuwait city on the 10th of June 2018, where the window was oriented to south direction. The results showed that the total solar heat energy gain per unit window area is 2.6 kWh, 0.02 kWh, 0.22 kWh, 1.48 kWh, and 0.2 kWh for the double AG, AG + PV + PCM + VG, PV + PCM + VG, AG + PV + PCM, and the ventilated AG + PV + PCM + VG, respectively. The results elucidate the advantages of the integration of VG in this integrated sliding smart window. The daily generated PV electrical energy in these systems is around 1.3 kWh, 1.43 kWh, and 1.38 kWh for the base case with double AG, PV + PCM + VG, and the ventilated AG + PV + PCM + VG respectively per unit window area

Mitigation and control of electric fields on spacers' surfaces in gas insulated systems

Research in the area of gas insulated systems' (GIS) reliability is still attracting a considerable attention from the electric utilities and the scientific community in many countries. Solid insulating spacers in GIS represent the weakest points in these systems, and several troubles and systems' outages have been reported allover the world due to their failure. So it is essential to determine the electric field distribution along their surfaces and hence evaluate the degree of their reliability. Several researchers evaluated the electric field distribution on the spacers' surfaces in gas insulated systems and studied the effects of their dimensions and its relative permittivity on the electric field stress distribution. The outcome of these investigations is that the electric field stresses intensify around the triple junction and they are the main reason to initiate breakdown in gas insulated systems. Due to the previously mentioned spacers' troubles, they should be precisely designed to realize more or less uniform field distribution along their surfaces. The spacer's profile is considered the main variable, which controls the field distribution and hence field uniformity can be achieved by adopting the appropriate profile. This paper uses the artificial neural network technique "ANN" to optimize the electric field on the spacer's surface, and introduces a novel method based on replacing the spacer's material with a constant permittivity by another one having a functionally graded permittivity to optimize and control the electric field along its surface. The use of the ANN enabled the authors to design a spacer with a pre-selected almost uniform field along its surface. The error between the target field and the evaluated one is ± 5%. Also the use of FGM reduced the electric field near the triple junction at the enclosure to les than 50% in some cases