Deep- Sea Bacteria And Their Biotechnological Potentials

Deep-sea environment characterized by its low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, limited nutrient contents, and constant darkness has been a hostile environment for most marine microorganisms. Therefore it is a home for low temperature and high pressure-loving bacteria believed to functionally over shallow water intruders. Deep-sea has been regarded as rainforests in terms of their microbial diversity. Thus, the deep-sea should commend itself to microbiologists and biotechnologists alike as source of novel microorganisms and exploitable properties. Near Indonesia several deep-sea trenches exist with diverse environmental conditions. However, up to now there has been no effort to study the microbial communities of those deep-sea environments by Indonesian scientists. This is mainly because of the lack of knowledge in the field of deep-sea microbiology in Indonesia

Marine Invertebrate-Associated Bacteria In Coral Reef Ecosystems As A New Source Of Bioactive Compounds

Coral reefs are the most species-rich environments in the oceans. Reefs cover 0.2% of the ocean’s area and yet they provide home to one-third of marine fishes and to tens of thousands of other species. Coral reefs provide essential fish habitat, support endangered and threatened species, and harbor protected marine mammals. Despite the obvious ecological value of these habitats, most coral reefs around the world, including Indonesia’s, are threatened or already being destroyed by human activities. The search for bio-active compounds extracted from coral reef invertebrates which is emerging as an area of increasing interest among biotechnological companies, further threatens the integrity of the reef ecosystem. It would be of great interest to find alternative sources of these compounds, in order to preserve this precious environment and also to obtain higher amounts of these bi-active molecules. Increasing observations suggest that a number of bio-active metabolites obtained from invertebrates are in fact produced by associated microorganisms: this has prompted research into the rapidly expanding field of study of metabolites derived from microorganisms associated with reef invertebrates. The possibility to culture relevant microorganisms in bioreactors would enable the production of large amounts of the bio-molecules of interest, at the same time preserving the marine ecosystem from exploitation

Implementasi Pemikiran Mukti Ali Scientific Cum Doctrinaire Terhadap Pembelajaran PAI di Madrasah

This articles discusses the implementation of Mukti Ali’s thought ‘Scientific Cum Doctrinaire in the study of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) in Madrasa. This article written based on a qualitative research approach to the type of literature review of Mukti Ali’s works in the form of books, articles, papers, magazines, and other scientific works that are relevant to the research topic. In this study, there are two sources of data, primary and secondary data sources. Primary data sources in the form of Mukti Ali’s works and secondary data source in the form of scientific work in the form of articles, papers, research reports, and other that discuss Mukti Ali’s thoughts. This study shows that the application of Mukti Ali’s ‘Scientific Cum Doctrinaire’ thinking in learning Islamic Religious Education in madrasas must be based on factual and objective data. Although in its application the scientific method does not have to be applied procedurally, bearing in mind that in PAI learning there is material which cannot be rationalized and internalized internally, such as material relating in the form of Islamic teachings, principles, and dogmas to suit religious phenomena and current scientific developments so that the understanding of Islamic religious teaching is not rigid (textual) but flexible and remains in the corridor of valid methodology

The potential of Symbiont Ba cteria in Melo melo Gastropod found in Pekalongan Waters as a source of MDR antibacterial active compound

The increasing resistance of many pathogenic microorganisms against antibiotics compounds creates an alarming issue in medical world. This concern has created research opportunities in new antibiotics compounds as alternative options. The gastropod Melo melo is a species whose main diet consists of other smaller gastropods. However, Melo-melo does not have any self-defense mechanism save for its thin shell. To protect itself from various pathogenic bacteria existing in its food, Melo melo produces secondary metabolites, which are suspected to contain bioactive compounds with antibacterial properties. This fact puts Melo melo as a marine biota with potential as a source of new antibacterial compounds. This research aims to discover the potency of symbiont bacteria in the gastropod Melo melo with capabilities in producing Multi-drug resistant (MDR) antibacterial compounds. Samples of Melo melo are collected from the vicinity of Pekalongan waters, Central Java, Indonesia. This research begins with the isolation of symbiont bacteria, screening of symbiont bacteria with potency in MDR antibacterial activities, antibacterial test, and isolation of MDR clinical pathogenic bacteria. These protocols are then followed by antibacterial sensitivity test, and identification of bacterial species active against MDR by biochemical test and molecular analysis. Molecular analyses are carried out sequentially by DNA extraction, DNA amplification by PCR, and DNA sequencing. Results of 16S rDNA are analyzed using Genetix program and then followed by sequence analysis of the 16S rDNA. In this research, 11 bacteria in Melo melo are isolated and there are 4 isolates which show antibacterial activities against MDR bacteria from Pseudomonas sp. and Enterobacter sp species. Molecular analysis of the most active isolates identifies that isolate PM 26 matches in characteristics with Brevibacterium celere strain KMM 3637 with 89% homology match. On the other hand, biochemical test shows that isolate PM 26 is identical with Bacillus sp. This research concludes that symbiont bacteria found in Melo melo possess antibacterial activities against bacteria of MDR strain

NATURAL BIODEGRADATION OF COPROSTANOL IN AN EXPERIMENTAL SYSTEM OF THREE ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS OF JAKARTA WATERS, INDONESIA

Constraint of using bio-indicator (coliform bacteria) as an indicator of domestic (sewage) pollution in the environment with high environmental stress encourages the discovering of other alternate indicators. Coprostanol has been proposed as a chemical indicator of domestic waste pollution, but most research on were conducted in the temperate (high latitude) region. The persistence of coprostanol in tropical region, especially in Indonesia, is still very poor. It is very important to understand the persistence of coprostanol in the nature, as one of the requirements to propose coprostanol as an alternate indicator of domestic waste pollution. In order to better understand the natural biodegradation of coprostanol, experimental system on three environmental conditions (river, river mouth, and coastal waters) was conducted. In April 2004, samples of water and surface bottom sediments were collected from each environmental condition in duplicate. Before the samples were put into aerated and non-aerated aquaria, about 35-40 g of surface bottom sediments were taken to analyze the initial concentration (C0) of coprostanol. The sediments were subsequently sampled from each aquarium within a certain interval day to analyze the concentration of coprostanol (C10, C20, and C40). The results showed that aeration plays not an important role in natural biodegradation of coprostanol. In average, the highest rate of coprostanol biodegradation is 0.438 µg/g day-1 in non aerated coastal water environment, where as the lowest was found in the non aerated river mouth environment (0.021 µg/g day-1). Since coprostanol was degraded very slowly, and could be detected in the sediments of three environmental conditions, coprostanol has an excellent potency to be used as an alternate indicator of domestic wastes

Deep- Sea Bacteria and Their Biotechnological Potentials

Deep-sea environment characterized by its low temperature, high hydrostatic pressure, limited nutrient contents, and constant darkness has been a hostile environment for most marine microorganisms. Therefore it is a home for low temperature and high pressure-loving bacteria believed to functionally over shallow water intruders. Deep-sea has been regarded as rainforests in terms of their microbial diversity. Thus, the deep-sea should commend itself to microbiologists and biotechnologists alike as source of novel microorganisms and exploitable properties. Near Indonesia several deep-sea trenches exist with diverse environmental conditions. However, up to now there has been no effort to study the microbial communities of those deep-sea environments by Indonesian scientists. This is mainly because of the lack of knowledge in the field of deep-sea microbiology in Indonesia

Relasi Sosial Madrasah Terhadap Perubahan Nilai Masyarakat Perbukitan

The change of value is a reality that is has been occurred in society. Changes in one aspect of values will have implications for other aspects including activities that exist in madrasa, because madrasa is part of the sub-system of the community. Changes of respect value also occurs in the community around MI Maarif Kokap was located, precisely in the Menoreh hills of Yogyakarta, whereas this value is an important value that will affect the existence of the community itself.This article discusses the internalization of respect in MI Maarif Kokap Kulon Progo DIY. The results of the study show that respect internalization is carried out through classroom learning and activities that are routine and informal outside the classroom. These activities can effectively safeguard respect towards students, so students have a habit of implementing them. The success of respect internalization in MI Maarif can increase public trust in the existence of the madrasah.Keyword; internalization, change, valu

Identification of Sponge-Associated Bacteria with Antibacterial Property against Staphylococcus aureus based on Molecular Approach

Staphylococcus aureus is among human pathogens which are known to be resistant to almost clinically significant antibiotics that causes a crisis, in the treatment and management of infectious disease, and also presents a clear danger to the future of public health. Recently, invertebrate-associated microorganisms have become the target of the search for marine microbial natural products. Sponge-associated microorganisms are one of the most interesting natural product sources because they produce bioactive natural products including polyketides and nonribosomal peptides. Molecular approach based on 16S rDNA has been very successful in the identification and the search of secondary metabolite-producing microorganisms, particularly by using specific degenerated primers, for the detection of Polyketide Synthases (PKS) and Nonribosomal Peptide Synthetases (NRPS) gene fragments that are essential for the biosynthesis of bioactive products. Four bacterial isolates from sponge Dysidea sp. were found to inhibit the growth of S. aureus. However, only the best two isolates were selected for further identification and screening for the presence of either PKS or NRPS. The results revealed that both isolates BSP5.11 and BSP11.7 have 99% homology with Alpha proteobacterium. PCR analysis of PKS and NRPS gene fragments showed that they both amplified the NRPS but not the PKS gene fragments