Analysis of 200 cases of conduction disturbances in acute ST elevation Inferior wall myocardial infarction related to causal comparison

INTRODUCTION: Conduction defects are one of the immediate complications which occur following acute myocardial infarction .various Types of conduction defects occur during acute myocardial infarction. Atrioventricular blocks are more commonly associated with inferior wall myocardial infarction. Inferior wall myocardial infarction account for 40-50% of all acute myocardial infarction. Acute myocardial infarction associated with conduction disturbances means mortality and morbidity increases. Early recognition and prompt treatment will definitely reduce mortality. AIM: To analyze 200 cases of conduction disturbances in patients with acute ST elevation inferior wall myocardial infarction related to causal comparisons like Age, sex, smoking, alcoholism, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, total cholesterol , HDL, LDL level and COPD patients. To find out any association of each comparison group with ST elevation inferior wall myocardial infarction particularly on the risk of conduction disturbances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this observational cross sectional study. Total of 200 patients of acute inferior wall myocardial infarction with conduction disturbances admitted in intensive care unit of Coimbatore medical college hospital during one period from July 2016 June 2017. All the 200 cases were selected according to inclusion criteria. A proforma was used to record to obtain typical symptoms and risk factors. History of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, alcoholism, dyslipidemia and COPD were noted. To find out any association of each comparison group with ST elevation inferior wall myocardial infarction particularly on the risk of conduction disturbances. RESULTS: Total of 200 cases 37% of patients were in the age group of 61-70.34.5% of patients were 51-60 years of age. Male predominant. Smoking and alcoholic group > 55%.Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus are the important risk factor which is statistically significant. But dyslipidemia and COPD are not significantly correlated with conduction disturbances. Mean value of dyslipidemia was correlated with prognosis of the patient. CONCLUSION: Among the conduction disturbances sinus bradycardia is the commonest conduction disturbances followed by first degree heart block then complete heart block and second degree heart block. When Age increases conduction disturbances increases with male predominant. Hypertension and Diabetes mellitus are important and significant risk factor for conduction disturbances. Among hospital mortality sinus bradycardia group had high mortality because of need for immediate pacemaker. There is significant correlation between mean value of dyslipidemia and prognosis of conduction disturbances

Investigate the emission characteristic of biodiesel from waste cooking oil

This paper aims to investigate the emission characteristics of biodiesel prepared from the waste cooking oil. The characterization of the performance of the blended fuel in diesel engines results in an improvement and a reduction in hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions. Various amounts of fuel were mixed with leftover cooking oil to create the final product. In order to explore the performance function, combustion range, and emission properties of diesel engines, the setup described here was developed. The combustion properties, including exhaust gas emissions of NOx, CO, CO2, HC, smoke, and O2, have been examined under various load scenarios

Hypothermia for moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries (HELIX): a randomised controlled trial in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh

Background: Although therapeutic hypothermia reduces death or disability after neonatal encephalopathy in high-income countries, its safety and efficacy in low-income and middle-income countries is unclear. We aimed to examine whether therapeutic hypothermia alongside optimal supportive intensive care reduces death or moderate or severe disability after neonatal encephalopathy in south Asia. Methods: We did a multicountry open-label, randomised controlled trial in seven tertiary neonatal intensive care units in India, Sri Lanka, and Bangladesh. We enrolled infants born at or after 36 weeks of gestation with moderate or severe neonatal encephalopathy and a need for continued resuscitation at 5 min of age or an Apgar score of less than 6 at 5 min of age (for babies born in a hospital), or both, or an absence of crying by 5 min of age (for babies born at home). Using a web-based randomisation system, we allocated infants into a group receiving whole body hypothermia (33·5°C) for 72 h using a servo-controlled cooling device, or to usual care (control group), within 6 h of birth. All recruiting sites had facilities for invasive ventilation, cardiovascular support, and access to 3 Tesla MRI scanners and spectroscopy. Masking of the intervention was not possible, but those involved in the magnetic resonance biomarker analysis and neurodevelopmental outcome assessments were masked to the allocation. The primary outcome was a combined endpoint of death or moderate or severe disability at 18–22 months, assessed by the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development (third edition) and a detailed neurological examination. Analysis was by intention to treat. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02387385. Findings: We screened 2296 infants between Aug 15, 2015, and Feb 15, 2019, of whom 576 infants were eligible for inclusion. After exclusions, we recruited 408 eligible infants and we assigned 202 to the hypothermia group and 206 to the control group. Primary outcome data were available for 195 (97%) of the 202 infants in the hypothermia group and 199 (97%) of the 206 control group infants. 98 (50%) infants in the hypothermia group and 94 (47%) infants in the control group died or had a moderate or severe disability (risk ratio 1·06; 95% CI 0·87–1·30; p=0·55). 84 infants (42%) in the hypothermia group and 63 (31%; p=0·022) infants in the control group died, of whom 72 (36%) and 49 (24%; p=0·0087) died during neonatal hospitalisation. Five serious adverse events were reported: three in the hypothermia group (one hospital readmission relating to pneumonia, one septic arthritis, and one suspected venous thrombosis), and two in the control group (one related to desaturations during MRI and other because of endotracheal tube displacement during transport for MRI). No adverse events were considered causally related to the study intervention. Interpretation: Therapeutic hypothermia did not reduce the combined outcome of death or disability at 18 months after neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, but significantly increased death alone. Therapeutic hypothermia should not be offered as treatment for neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries, even when tertiary neonatal intensive care facilities are available. Funding: National Institute for Health Research, Garfield Weston Foundation, and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. Translations: For the Hindi, Malayalam, Telugu, Kannada, Singhalese, Tamil, Marathi and Bangla translations of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section

Micropropagation and conservation of selected endangered anticancer medicinal plants from the Western Ghats of India

Globally, cancer is a constant battle which severely affects the human population. The major limitations of the anticancer drugs are the deleterious side effects on the quality of life. Plants play a vital role in curing many diseases with minimal or no side effects. Phytocompounds derived from various medicinal plants serve as the best source of drugs to treat cancer. The global demand for phytomedicines is mostly reached by the medicinal herbs from the tropical nations of the world even though many plant species are threatened with extinction. India is one of the mega diverse countries of the world due to its ecological habitats, latitudinal variation, and diverse climatic range. Western Ghats of India is one of the most important depositories of endemic herbs. It is found along the stretch of south western part of India and constitutes rain forest with more than 4000 diverse medicinal plant species. In recent times, many of these therapeutically valued herbs have become endangered and are being included under the red-listed plant category in this region. Due to a sharp rise in the demand for plant-based products, this rich collection is diminishing at an alarming rate that eventually triggered dangerous to biodiversity. Thus, conservation of the endangered medicinal plants has become a matter of importance. The conservation by using only in situ approaches may not be sufficient enough to safeguard such a huge bio-resource of endangered medicinal plants. Hence, the use of biotechnological methods would be vital to complement the ex vitro protection programs and help to reestablish endangered plant species. In this backdrop, the key tools of biotechnology that could assist plant conservation were developed in terms of in vitro regeneration, seed banking, DNA storage, pollen storage, germplasm storage, gene bank (field gene banking), tissue bank, and cryopreservation. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to critically review major endangered medicinal plants that possess anticancer compounds and their conservation aspects by integrating various biotechnological tool

Cryopreservation of excised embryonic axes of <i>Nothapodytes nimmoniana</i> (Graham) Mebberly—A vulnerable medicinal tree species of the Western Ghats

435-437Desiccation sensitivity and freezing tolerance of excised embryonic axes from the seeds of Nothapodytes nimmoniana (Graham) Mebberly and their cryopreservation were examined. Zygotic embryos with cotyledons excised from fully ripened fruits possessed 55.7% moisture content (MC) and 86.67% of them germinated in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium devoid of plant growth regulators (PGR). Dehydration under laminar airflow for 120 min reduced the MC of the embryos to 19.6% and germination to 68%. Subsequent reduction in MC to 15.4, 14.2 and 12.1% also reduced the germination. Embryos dehydrated for 120 min after 1-wk-storage in Liquid nitrogen (LN) showed 60% germination, which was the optimum condition obtained in the study. The LN treated embryos developed into healthy seedlings after 30-60 d of inoculation in MS basal medium similar to desiccated control. Prolonged desiccation damaged the plumule where only root formation was observed. The study reveals the possibility of long term ex situ conservation of N. nimmoniana, which produces large and intermediate type of seeds, through zygotic embryo cryopreservation

Сонячна сушарка змішаного режиму на основі системи акумулювання прихованого тепла для сушіння міробалану

Непряма сонячна сушарка змішаного режиму (MISD) була розроблена із сонячним колектором, полікарбонатним листом, вкритим шаром скла з додаванням PCM, та сушильним блоком для сушіння міробалану. Швидкість коефіцієнтів тепловтрат оцінювалася експериментально на основі модифікованої конструкції колектора. Новизна даної роботи полягає у застосуванні PCM-акумулятора енергії в звичайній сонячній сушарці для скорочення часу сушіння міробалану. Термоакумуляція в MISD збільшує період безперервного теплопостачання на 19±4 % порівняно з випадком відсутності теплового накопичувача протягом години без сонячного світла. Час сушіння міробалану зменшився до 12 годин у MISD порівняно з 41 годиною за методом OSD. Це призвело до кращої продуктивності сушарки та скорочення часу сушіння. Загальна корисна енергія склала 61,18 МДж, а втрати енергії були зменшені на 0,206 МДж. Середня температура та відносна вологість сушарки склали відповідно 65,2 °C та 8,83 %. Результати показують, що ефективність ексергії підвищується, а втрати ексергії зменшуються в MISD. Додатковою перевагою може стати інтенсивне експериментальне дослідження теплофізичних властивостей ТЕС матеріалів. Антиоксидантні показники та загальний вміст фенолів оцінювали різними методами. Найкращі значення кольору та менші значення твердості були досягнуті для зразка, висушеного в MISD, порівняно з іншими методами TD та OSD.A mixed mode indirect solar dryer (MISD) was designed with a PCM-assisted polycarbonate glazed sheet covered solar collector and a drying unit for drying myrobalan. The rate of heat loss coefficients was evaluated experimentally with a modified collector design. The novelty of this work is the application of a PCM-energy storage in a conventional solar dryer to reduce the drying time of myrobalan. The thermal storage in MISD increases the continuous thermal supply period by 19±4 % compared to without thermal storage during the off-sunshine hour. The drying time of myrobalan was reduced to 12 h in MISD compared to 41 h in the OSD method. This results in better dryer performance and reduced drying time. The total useful energy was 61.18 MJ, and 0.206 MJ was reduced energy loss. The dryer's average temperature and relative humidity were measured as 65.2 °C and 8.83 %, respectively. The results show that exergy efficiency increases, and exergy loss reduced in the MISD. An intensive experimental study on the thermophysical properties of TES materials can be an additional advantage. Antioxidant values and the total phenolic content were evaluated by different methods. The best color and lower hardness values were achieved for a sample dried in MISD, as compared to other TD and OSD methods