Solitons in magneto-optic waveguides with Kudryashov’s law nonlinear refractive index for coupled system of generalized nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation using modified extended mapping method

In this work, we investigate the optical solitons and other waves through magneto-optic waveguides with Kudryashov’s law of nonlinear refractive index in the presence of chromatic dispersion and Hamiltonian-type perturbation factors using the modified extended mapping approach. Many classifications of solutions are established like bright solitons, dark solitons, singular solitons, singular periodic wave solutions, exponential wave solutions, rational wave, solutions, Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic solutions, and Jacobi elliptic function solutions. Some of the extracted solutions are described graphically to provide their physical understanding of the acquired solutions

Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery: an international, prospective, observational study

Background Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide.Methods A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study-a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital.Findings Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3.85 [95% CI 2.58-5.75]; p<0.0001), with excess mortality predominantly explained by a limited capacity to rescue following the development of major complications (63.0% vs 82.7%; OR 0.35 [0.23-0.53]; p<0.0001). Across LMICs, improvements in hospital facilities would prevent one to three deaths for every 100 patients undergoing surgery for cancer.Interpretation Hospitals with higher levels of infrastructure and resources have better outcomes after cancer surgery, independent of country income. Without urgent strengthening of hospital infrastructure and resources, the reductions in cancer-associated mortality associated with improved access will not be realised

Stochastic Solitons in Birefringent Fibers for Biswas–Arshed Equation with Multiplicative White Noise via Itô Calculus by Modified Extended Mapping Method

Stochastic partial differential equations have wide applications in various fields of science and engineering. This paper addresses the optical stochastic solitons and other exact stochastic solutions through birefringent fibers for the Biswas–Arshed equation with multiplicative white noise using the modified extended mapping method. This model contains many kinds of soliton solutions, which are always symmetric or anti-symmetric in space. Stochastic bright soliton solutions, stochastic dark soliton solutions, stochastic combo bright–dark soliton solutions, stochastic combo singular-bright soliton solutions, stochastic singular soliton solutions, stochastic periodic solutions, stochastic rational solutions, stochastic Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic solutions, and stochastic Jacobi elliptic function solutions are extracted. The constraints on the parameters are considered to guarantee the existence of these stochastic solutions. Furthermore, some of the selected solutions are described graphically to demonstrate the physical nature of the obtained solutions

Exploration of New Optical Solitons in Magneto-Optical Waveguide with Coupled System of Nonlinear Biswas–Milovic Equation via Kudryashov’s Law Using Extended F-Expansion Method

Optical soliton solutions in a magneto-optical waveguide and other exact solutions are investigated for the coupled system of the nonlinear Biswas–Milovic equation with Kudryashov’s law using the extended F-expansion method. Various types of solutions are extracted, such as dark soliton solutions, singular soliton solutions, a dark–singular combo soliton, singular combo soliton solutions, Jacobi elliptic solutions, periodic solutions, combo periodic solutions, hyperbolic solutions, rational solutions, exponential solutions and Weierstrass solutions. The obtained different types of wave solutions help in obtaining nonlinear optical fibers in the future. Furthermore, some selected solutions are described graphically to demonstrate the physical nature of the obtained solutions. The results show that the current method gives effectual and direct mathematical tools for resolving the nonlinear problems in the field of nonlinear wave equations

Construction of new solitons and other wave solutions for a concatenation model using modified extended tanh-function method

In this work, we consider a concatenation model that is a concatenated version of the familiar nonlinear Schrödinger’s equation, Lakshmanan–Porsezian–Daniel equation and the Sasa–Satsuma equation. With the help of the improved modified extended tanh-function method (IMETFM), new families of solutions are extracted for the proposed model. Bright solitons, dark solitons, combo bright-dark solitons, singular solitons, periodic solutions, exponential solutions, rational solutions and Jacobi elliptic solutions are obtained. The IMETFM enables to recover a wide spectrum of solutions to the governing model. The extracted solutions confirmed the efficacy and strength of the current technique. Moreover, the graphs for some solutions are presented to demonstrate their physical nature

Soliton Solutions and Other Solutions for Kundu–Eckhaus Equation with Quintic Nonlinearity and Raman Effect Using the Improved Modified Extended Tanh-Function Method

Our paper studies the optical solitons for the Kundu–Eckhaus (KE) equation with quintic nonlinearity and Raman effect. By applying the improved modified extended tanh-function method, many soliton solutions can be obtained such as bright soliton solutions, dark soliton solutions, and the singular soliton solution. In addition, we can obtain various types of solutions, namely, singular periodic solutions, exponential solutions, rational solutions, Jacobi elliptic solutions and Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic solutions. Moreover, some selected solutions are illustrated graphically to show the physical nature and the characteristics of the obtained solutions

Soliton Solutions and Other Solutions for Kundu–Eckhaus Equation with Quintic Nonlinearity and Raman Effect Using the Improved Modified Extended Tanh-Function Method

Our paper studies the optical solitons for the Kundu–Eckhaus (KE) equation with quintic nonlinearity and Raman effect. By applying the improved modified extended tanh-function method, many soliton solutions can be obtained such as bright soliton solutions, dark soliton solutions, and the singular soliton solution. In addition, we can obtain various types of solutions, namely, singular periodic solutions, exponential solutions, rational solutions, Jacobi elliptic solutions and Weierstrass elliptic doubly periodic solutions. Moreover, some selected solutions are illustrated graphically to show the physical nature and the characteristics of the obtained solutions

Abundant solitons for highly dispersive nonlinear Schrödinger equation with sextic-power law refractive index using modified extended direct algebraic method

In this paper, we investigate soliton solutions and other exact solutions of the highly dispersive perturbed nonlinear Schrödinger equation having Kudryashov's arbitrary form with sextic-power law of refractive index and generalized non-local laws. Studying is conducted by applying the modified extended direct algebraic method, which offers several types of solutions. The extracted solutions including (combo bright-dark, singular, dark, bright) solitons, exponential solutions, rational solutions and singular periodic solutions. The extracted solutions confirmed the effectiveness and strength of the current technology. To illustrate the properties of some solutions, graphic representations of those solutions are given. This study contributes to the understanding of nonlinear wave phenomena and showcases the applicability of the modified extended direct algebraic method in obtaining exact solutions for complex nonlinear equations. The optical solitons produced in respect to this form have never been explored by the proposed technique before, and the results have never been published