Japanese culture and Toyota system ; Японская культура и Тойота системa

U ovom radu bavimo se sociokulturološkom i istorijsko-ekonomskom analizom japanske kulture i poslovne filozofije kompanije Tojota. Dati vremenski okvir izabran je zbog specifičnih socioekonomskih okolnosti i japanskog nacionalnog karaktera, koji su neminovno uticali na samu kulturu i radni moral svakog člana društva. U prvom delu rada, bavimo se dubljom analizom istorijske pozadine poznate pod nazivom sakoku (zemlja u lancima) i zemlje, koja je uprkos geografskoj i socioekonomskoj izolovanosti uspela da se integriše u najsavremenije tokove društva i zauzme zavidno drugo mesto na ekonomskoj svetskoj sceni. Ovaj istorijski paradoks je zapravo odgovor na pitanje kojim su se bavili stručnjaci iz raznih oblasti, antropolozi, psiholozi, lingvisti – Zašto je Japan uspeo? Upravo spoj tradicionalnog i modernog je Japanu omogućio socioekonomski procvat. Japan se poput feniksa iz pepela izdigao iz ratom devastirane države i postao moćna ekonomska velesila. U drugom delu rada, analizirali smo proizvodne principe kompanije Tojota, uočivši implicitnu vezu sa bušido kodeksom koji predstavlja nepisani skup moralnih pravila samurajskog društva. Na temelju ovih principa, japansko društvo je u gotovo potpunoj izolaciji opstalo 250 godina tokom duge vladavine dinastije Tokugawa. U skladu sa tim, Tojota je, primenivši gotovo ista pravila stvorila proizvodnu imperiju opstajući preko 80 godina, sa konstantnom tendencijom razvoja i usavršavanja step by step, što čini osnovu kaizen filozofije. Na osnovu o v i h rezultata sugerišemo da je neophodno sinergetsko izučavanje kulturoloških, sociolingvističkih i ekonomskih veza i odnosa, jer se jedino u međuspletu svih tih analiza mogu shvatiti prava značenja osobenosti nacionalnog karaktera jedne zemlje, koja direktno utiču na društvo u celini, način života, kao i poslovanja. Ovo je jako važno i praktično, kako bi se lakše shvatila kulturološka različitost ove daleke zemlje, ali i kao sugestija i inspiracija za poboljšanje poslovanja u zemljama koje su počivaju na drugačijoj kulturološkoj matriciIn the present paper we conduct a socio-cultural, historical and economic analysis of Japanese culture and Toyota company business philosophy. The given time frame has been chosen due to the specific social and economic circumstances and Japanese national character, which inevitably affected the culture itself and the work ethic of every member of society. In the first part of the paper, we present a deeper analysis of the historical background known as sakoku (enchained country) and of a country that, despite geographical an socioeconomic isolation managed to integrate itself into the contemporary social streams and to take enviable second place in the economic world scene. This historical paradox is actually the answer to the question, that experts from various fields, anthropologists, psychologists, linguists were dealing with – Why has Japan succeeded? It is the combination of both traditional and modern that made socio-economic prosperity of Japan possible. Japan, like a phoenix from the ashes, rose from the war-devastated country and became a powerful economic superpower. In the second part, we analyze Toyota Production System, noting the implicit connection to the bushido code, which represents an unwritten set of samurai society moral rules. Based on these principles, Japanese society survived 250 years long isolation under the Tokugawa dynasty. Applying almost the same principles, Toyota has created an empire that has been lasting for more than 80 years with a constant tendency of growth and development step by step, which forms the basis of kaizen philosophy. Based on these results, we propose that there should be a synergetic study of cultural, socio-linguistic and economic connections and relations, since it is only in the interaction of all these analyses that the real meanings of peculiarities of one country national character can be understood. Those peculiarities directly affect society as a whole, way of life and way of doing business. This is very important both practically, in order to make it easier to understand cultural diversity of this distant country, and theoretically, as a suggestion and inspiration to improve business operations in countries that are based on different cultural matri

Antecedents and determinants of high-tech SMEs’ commercialisation enablers: opening the black box of open innovation practices

Innovation activities have become globalised and open in ways that were unimaginable 20 years ago. These changes have brought new insight into research on innovation activities and specific innovation practices in organisations, including that previous research largely ignored small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This paper tests a variance-based structural equation model (SEM) for selected antecedents and determinants of commercialisation enablers on a sample of 105 SMEs from Slovenia – a small, open, post-transition economy with a dominant SME sector. The main contribution of the paper lies in testing how two specific open innovation practices (open innovation information exchange and open innovation collaboration) impact the commercialisation enablers of high-tech SMEs through their innovation activities (antecedent) and their innovativeness (determinant). Both open innovation practices show statistically significant effect on high-tech SMEs’ innovativeness, thus supporting the idea that both collaboration and information exchange lead to more innovativeness in high-tech SMEs. They also show a high impact of internal (organisational) factors on innovation activities of and a high impact of innovativeness on the commercialisation enablers of high-tech SMEs

Plasma Treatment of Bulk Nb Surface in the Ar/Cl2 Discharge

The preparation of the cavity walls has been one of the major challenges in the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) accelerator technology. Therefore, constant research and development effort is devoted to develop surface preparation processes that will improve roughness and lower the level of impurities, like hydrogen or oxygen, embedded in bulk Nb, having in the same time reasonable etching rates. Plasma based surface modification provides an excellent opportunity to achieve these goals. We present Ar/Cl2 discharge treatment of bulk Nb where we achieved etching rates comparable to the rates obtained with the electropolishing method without introducing impurities in Nb. The current experiments were performed on disk shaped Nb samples, exposed to plasma produced in a microwave discharge system. Surface composition and topology measurements were carried out before and after plasma treatment. Upon determining optimal experimental condition on disk shaped samples, we will apply the same procedure on the single cell cavities, pursuing improvement of their RF performance

Supplementary material for the article: Rašković, B.; Vatić, S.; Andelković, B.; Blagojević, V.; Polović, N. Optimizing Storage Conditions to Prevent Cold Denaturation of Trypsin for Sequencing and to Prolong Its Shelf Life. Biochemical Engineering Journal 2016, 105, 168–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.09.018

Supplementary material for: [https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bej.2015.09.018]Related to published version: [http://cherry.chem.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2024

Plasma Treatment of Bulk Niobium Surface for Superconducting RF Cavities: Optimization of the Experimental Conditions on Flat Samples

Accelerator performance, in particular the average accelerating field and the cavity quality factor, depends on the physical and chemical characteristics of the superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavity surface. Plasma based surface modification provides an excellent opportunity to eliminate nonsuperconductive pollutants in the penetration depth region and to remove the mechanically damaged surface layer, which improves the surface roughness. Here we show that the plasma treatment of bulk niobium (Nb) presents an alternative surface preparation method to the commonly used buffered chemical polishing and electropolishing methods. We have optimized the experimental conditions in the microwave glow discharge system and their influence on the Nb removal rate on flat samples. We have achieved an etching rate of 1.7 μm/min using only 3% chlorine in the reactive mixture. Combining a fast etching step with a moderate one, we have improved the surface roughness without exposing the sample surface to the environment. We intend to apply the optimized experimental conditions to the preparation of single cell cavities, pursuing the improvement of their rf performance

Plasma Treatment of Bulk Niobium Surfaces for SRF Cavities

Two types of electric discharges were used to demonstrate the validity of plasma surface treatment for superconducting radio-frequency (SRF) cavities. The experiments were performed on disc-shaped Nb samples and compared with identical samples treated with buffer chemical polishing (BCP) techniques. Surface analysis indicates comparable or superior properties of plasma-treated samples. These promising results are still preliminary and additional work is in progress

Sorption of pertechnetate onto ordered mesoporous carbon

Ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC) was used as an adsorbent for the removal of pertechnetate (TcO4 -) anion. Batch experiments were performed to study the effects of pH and ionic strength of the solution. The adsorption of TcO4 - is almost pH-independent in very wide pH region (from 4.0 to 10.0). Maximum distribution coefficient, Kd, was obtained at pH 2.0. Adsorption of TcO4 - was not affected by the ionic strength changes

PLASMA TREATMENT OF NIOBIUM SRF CAVITY SURFACES*

Abstract Plasma based surface modification provides an excellent opportunity to eliminate non-superconductive pollutants in the penetration depth region of the SRF cavity surface and to remove mechanically damaged surface layer improving surface roughness. We have demonstrated on flat samples that plasma etching in Ar / Cl 2 of bulk Nb is a viable alternative surface preparation technique to BCP and EP methods, with comparable etching rates. The geometry of SRF cavities made of bulk Nb defines the use of asymmetric RF discharge configuration for plasma etching. In a specially designed single cell cavity with sample holders, discharge parameters are combined with etched surface diagnostics to obtain optimum combination of etching rates, roughness and homogeneity in a variety of discharge types, conditions, and sequences. The optimized experimental conditions will ultimately be applied to single cell SRF cavities

Dynamic stability of a nonlinear multiple-nanobeam system

We use the incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method to analyse the dynamic stability problem of a nonlinear multiple-nanobeam system (MNBS) within the framework of Eringen’s nonlocal elasticity theory. The nonlinear dynamic system under consideration includes MNBS embedded in a viscoelastic medium as clamped chain system, where every nanobeam in the system is subjected to time-dependent axial loads. By assuming the von Karman type of geometric nonlinearity, a system of m nonlinear partial differential equations of motion is derived based on the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and D’ Alembert’s principle. All nanobeams in MNBS are considered with simply supported boundary conditions. Semi-analytical solutions for time response functions of the nonlinear MNBS are obtained by using the single-mode Galerkin discretization and IHB method, which are then validated by using the numerical integration method. Moreover, Floquet theory is employed to determine the stability of obtained periodic solutions for different configurations of the nonlinear MNBS. Using the IHB method, we obtain an incremental relationship with the frequency and amplitude of time-varying axial load, which defines stability boundaries. Numerical examples show the effects of different physical and material parameters such as the nonlocal parameter, stiffness of viscoelastic medium and number of nanobeams on Floquet multipliers, instability regions and nonlinear amplitude–frequency response curves of MNBS. The presented results can be useful as a first step in the study and design of complex micro/nanoelectromechanical systems

Japanese culture and Toyota system ; Японская культура и Тойота системa

U ovom radu bavimo se sociokulturološkom i istorijsko-ekonomskom analizom japanske kulture i poslovne filozofije kompanije Tojota. Dati vremenski okvir izabran je zbog specifičnih socioekonomskih okolnosti i japanskog nacionalnog karaktera, koji su neminovno uticali na samu kulturu i radni moral svakog člana društva. U prvom delu rada, bavimo se dubljom analizom istorijske pozadine poznate pod nazivom sakoku (zemlja u lancima) i zemlje, koja je uprkos geografskoj i socioekonomskoj izolovanosti uspela da se integriše u najsavremenije tokove društva i zauzme zavidno drugo mesto na ekonomskoj svetskoj sceni. Ovaj istorijski paradoks je zapravo odgovor na pitanje kojim su se bavili stručnjaci iz raznih oblasti, antropolozi, psiholozi, lingvisti – Zašto je Japan uspeo? Upravo spoj tradicionalnog i modernog je Japanu omogućio socioekonomski procvat. Japan se poput feniksa iz pepela izdigao iz ratom devastirane države i postao moćna ekonomska velesila. U drugom delu rada, analizirali smo proizvodne principe kompanije Tojota, uočivši implicitnu vezu sa bušido kodeksom koji predstavlja nepisani skup moralnih pravila samurajskog društva. Na temelju ovih principa, japansko društvo je u gotovo potpunoj izolaciji opstalo 250 godina tokom duge vladavine dinastije Tokugawa. U skladu sa tim, Tojota je, primenivši gotovo ista pravila stvorila proizvodnu imperiju opstajući preko 80 godina, sa konstantnom tendencijom razvoja i usavršavanja step by step, što čini osnovu kaizen filozofije. Na osnovu o v i h rezultata sugerišemo da je neophodno sinergetsko izučavanje kulturoloških, sociolingvističkih i ekonomskih veza i odnosa, jer se jedino u međuspletu svih tih analiza mogu shvatiti prava značenja osobenosti nacionalnog karaktera jedne zemlje, koja direktno utiču na društvo u celini, način života, kao i poslovanja. Ovo je jako važno i praktično, kako bi se lakše shvatila kulturološka različitost ove daleke zemlje, ali i kao sugestija i inspiracija za poboljšanje poslovanja u zemljama koje su počivaju na drugačijoj kulturološkoj matriciIn the present paper we conduct a socio-cultural, historical and economic analysis of Japanese culture and Toyota company business philosophy. The given time frame has been chosen due to the specific social and economic circumstances and Japanese national character, which inevitably affected the culture itself and the work ethic of every member of society. In the first part of the paper, we present a deeper analysis of the historical background known as sakoku (enchained country) and of a country that, despite geographical an socioeconomic isolation managed to integrate itself into the contemporary social streams and to take enviable second place in the economic world scene. This historical paradox is actually the answer to the question, that experts from various fields, anthropologists, psychologists, linguists were dealing with – Why has Japan succeeded? It is the combination of both traditional and modern that made socio-economic prosperity of Japan possible. Japan, like a phoenix from the ashes, rose from the war-devastated country and became a powerful economic superpower. In the second part, we analyze Toyota Production System, noting the implicit connection to the bushido code, which represents an unwritten set of samurai society moral rules. Based on these principles, Japanese society survived 250 years long isolation under the Tokugawa dynasty. Applying almost the same principles, Toyota has created an empire that has been lasting for more than 80 years with a constant tendency of growth and development step by step, which forms the basis of kaizen philosophy. Based on these results, we propose that there should be a synergetic study of cultural, socio-linguistic and economic connections and relations, since it is only in the interaction of all these analyses that the real meanings of peculiarities of one country national character can be understood. Those peculiarities directly affect society as a whole, way of life and way of doing business. This is very important both practically, in order to make it easier to understand cultural diversity of this distant country, and theoretically, as a suggestion and inspiration to improve business operations in countries that are based on different cultural matri