3D-printed products for topical skin applications : from personalized dressings to drug delivery

3D printing has been widely used for the personalization of therapies and on-demand production of complex pharmaceutical forms. Recently, 3D printing has been explored as a tool for the development of topical dosage forms and wound dressings. Thus, this review aims to present advances related to the use of 3D printing for the development of pharmaceutical and biomedical products for topical skin applications, covering plain dressing and products for the delivery of active ingredients to the skin. Based on the data acquired, the important growth in the number of publications over the last years confirms its interest. The semisolid extrusion technique has been the most reported one, probably because it allows the use of a broad range of polymers, creating the most diverse therapeutic approaches. 3D printing has been an excellent field for customizing dressings, according to individual needs. Studies discussed here imply the use of metals, nanoparticles, drugs, natural compounds and proteins and peptides for the treatment of wound healing, acne, pain relief, and anti-wrinkle, among others. The confluence of 3D printing and topical applications has undeniable advantages, and we would like to encourage the research groups to explore this field to improve the patient’s life quality, adherence and treatment efficacy

Efeito da aplicação de Mg, B, Zn e Mo na produção de alface

To evaluate the effects of soil applications of magnesium sulfate (200 kg/ha), borax (20 kg/ha), zinc sulfate (20 kg/ha) and sodium molybdate (2 kg/ha)on the lettuce(Lactuca sativa L.) cultivars 'Loura do Pleuré, 'Aurélia' and 'Brasil-48', two experiments were carried out during the rainy season of 1977 and 1978, on a Dark-Red Latosol underformer 'Cerrado' (savannah) vegetation all the CNPHorlaliças, in both experiments there was a significant effect of zinc for all the evaluated parameters and the 1978 trial also uncovered the importance of molybdenum on lettuce production. The cultivars 'Loura do Pleuré' and 'Aurélia' were the most productive ones, and did notl differ significantly from each other; however they did differ from 'Brasil-48'. There was no significant effect of the interaction cultivars x fertilizer levels.Com o objetivo de verificar o efeito de magnésio (200 kg/ha de sulfato de magnésio), boro (20 kg/ha de bórax), zinco (20 kg/ha de sulfato de zinco) e molibdênio (2 kg/ha de molibdato de sódio) aplicados no solo, sobre as cultivares de alface: Loura do Pleuré, Aurélia e Brasil 48, instalaram-se dois experimentos, nos anos de 1977 e 1978, na estação chuvosa, em um Latossolo Vermelho-Escuro (LE), sob vegetação de cerrado, no CNPHortaliças de Brasília. Em ambos os experimentes constatou-se efeito significativo do zinco em todos os parâmetros avaliados. O experimento de 1978 evidenciou também a importância do molibdênio na produção de alface. As cultivares Loura do Pleuré e Aurélia foram as mais produtivas e não diferiram estatisticamente entre si; contudo, diferiram da cultivar Brasil 48. A interação entre cultivares e os níveis de adubação não apresentou efeito significativo

Some applications of the formalization of the pumping lemma for context-free languages

Context-free languages are highly important in computer language processing technology as well as in formal language theory. The Pumping Lemma for Context-Free Languages states a property that is valid for all context-free languages, which makes it a tool for showing the existence of non-context-free languages. This paper presents a formalization, extending the previously formalized Lemma, of the fact that several well-known languages are not context-free. Moreover, we build on those results to construct a formal proof of the well-known property that context-free languages are not closed under intersection. All the formalization has been mechanized in the Coq proof assistant.- (undefined

Introdução de piscicultura de subsistência em duas comunidades indígenas, localizadas em Parelheiros, município de São Paulo (SP)

The Guaranis indigenous settlements of Morro da Saudade & Krukutu are placed in the area of Parelheiros, in the State of São Paulo, Southeast of Brazil. In these communities, pisciculture was implanted to aid the indians in obtaining foods. The work began with water correction from the existent ponds in the settlements. This allowed the development of 1.500 fry of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with proper conditions for growth. In parallel, there was performed basic training of the Indians who were care responsible for the farm. Classes have been ministered at the settlements’ schools aiming the kids and their cooperation to inform the community on what was being done. During the whole period, water analysis were made for the best attendance of the development of the fish. The cost x benefit analysis proved the viability of this activity in Indian communities.Las aldeas indígenas guaranis llamadas Morro da Saudade y Krukutu, se encuentran situadas en la región de Parelheiros, en el Estado de São Paulo, Sureste de Brasil. En estas comunidades fue implantada la piscicultura de subsistencia para auxiliar a la población indígena en la obtención de alimentos. El trabajo tuvo inicio con la corrección del agua de las represas existentes donde fueron creadas condiciones para el desarrollo de 1500 peces menores de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) implantados. Paralelamente la población indígena fue entrenada para asumir la responsabilidad de las actividades desarrolladas en la crianza de peces. En las escuelas de las aldeas fueron dictadas clases para que los niños cooperasen e informasen a la comunidad sobre lo que se estaba haciendo. Durante todo el período se analizó el agua para acompañar mejor el desarrollo de los peces. La relación de costo x beneficio comprobó ser una actividad factible.As aldeias indígenas guaranis denominadas Morro da Saudade e Krukutu, estão situadas na região de Parelheiros, no Estado de São Paulo Sudeste do Brasil. Nestas comunidades foi implantada a piscicultura de subsistência para auxiliar os índios na obtenção de alimentos. O trabalho começou com a correção da água dos açudes ali existentes onde foram criadas as condições para o desenvolvimento de 1500 alevinos de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) introduzidos. Em paralelo houve treinamento básico dos índios que ficaram responsáveis pelas atividades desenvolvidas na criação dos peixes. Nas escolas das aldeias foram ministradas aulas para as crianças com o objetivo de obter cooperação e informar a comunidade sobre o que estava sendo feito. Durante todo o período foram feitas análises de água para o melhor acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos peixes. A relação custo x benefício comprovou a viabilidade desta atividade

Introdução de piscicultura de subsistência em duas comunidades indígenas, localizadas em Parelheiros, município de São Paulo (SP)

The Guaranis indigenous settlements of Morro da Saudade & Krukutu are placed in the area of Parelheiros, in the State of São Paulo, Southeast of Brazil. In these communities, pisciculture was implanted to aid the indians in obtaining foods. The work began with water correction from the existent ponds in the settlements. This allowed the development of 1.500 fry of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) with proper conditions for growth. In parallel, there was performed basic training of the Indians who were care responsible for the farm. Classes have been ministered at the settlements’ schools aiming the kids and their cooperation to inform the community on what was being done. During the whole period, water analysis were made for the best attendance of the development of the fish. The cost x benefit analysis proved the viability of this activity in Indian communities.Las aldeas indígenas guaranis llamadas Morro da Saudade y Krukutu, se encuentran situadas en la región de Parelheiros, en el Estado de São Paulo, Sureste de Brasil. En estas comunidades fue implantada la piscicultura de subsistencia para auxiliar a la población indígena en la obtención de alimentos. El trabajo tuvo inicio con la corrección del agua de las represas existentes donde fueron creadas condiciones para el desarrollo de 1500 peces menores de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) implantados. Paralelamente la población indígena fue entrenada para asumir la responsabilidad de las actividades desarrolladas en la crianza de peces. En las escuelas de las aldeas fueron dictadas clases para que los niños cooperasen e informasen a la comunidad sobre lo que se estaba haciendo. Durante todo el período se analizó el agua para acompañar mejor el desarrollo de los peces. La relación de costo x beneficio comprobó ser una actividad factible.As aldeias indígenas guaranis denominadas Morro da Saudade e Krukutu, estão situadas na região de Parelheiros, no Estado de São Paulo Sudeste do Brasil. Nestas comunidades foi implantada a piscicultura de subsistência para auxiliar os índios na obtenção de alimentos. O trabalho começou com a correção da água dos açudes ali existentes onde foram criadas as condições para o desenvolvimento de 1500 alevinos de Tilápia-do-Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) introduzidos. Em paralelo houve treinamento básico dos índios que ficaram responsáveis pelas atividades desenvolvidas na criação dos peixes. Nas escolas das aldeias foram ministradas aulas para as crianças com o objetivo de obter cooperação e informar a comunidade sobre o que estava sendo feito. Durante todo o período foram feitas análises de água para o melhor acompanhamento do desenvolvimento dos peixes. A relação custo x benefício comprovou a viabilidade desta atividade

Level of Physical Activity and Health Conditions of Military Policemen in The State of Rondônia, Western Amazon: A Study in Times of The Covid-19 Pandemic

Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic characteristics, levels of physical activity and health conditions of active military police officers in the State of Rondônia, in the Western Amazon, Brazil in times of the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional field study, with a convenience sample, non-probabilistic and with a quantitative approach, with 358 PMs working in the PMRO. A self-report questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic data and health conditions. The IPAQ-short version was used to assess the level of physical activity (NAF). Results: The age variable obtained (39.21 ± 6.41) years and (61.17%) of the PMs were less than 40 years old. The variable length of service was (15.44 ± 7.64) and (78.21%) of the police officers had less than 20 years of experience in the police service. The working hours obtained (6.87 ± 2.04) and (29.10 ± 80.79) days away from work due to NCDs or Covid-19. According to the NAF, 29.61% were classified as very active, 23.74% active, 14.24% irregularly active A, 8.38% irregularly active B and 24.86% sedentary. Of the CNCDs, musculoskeletal diseases (16.49%), psychosomatic diseases (14.80%), SAH (8.10%), dyslipidemias (5.58%), CVDs (2.51%), cancer (0, 56%) and DM2 (0.28%). Of the total number of infectious diseases, 34.08% contracted Covid-19. Conclusion: The physical activity levels (47.48%) of the military police were in the classification (irregularly active + sedentary) according to the IPAQ-short version, confirming the low PAL of these individuals. Low NAF, NCDs and Covid-19 contributed to momentarily worsening the quality of life of PMs

DORMANCY DYNAMICS OF ‘FUYU’ PERSIMMON TREE BUDS IN A REGION OF LOW CHILL OCCURRENCE

The objective of this work was to evaluate the dormancy dynamic of persimmon tree buds 'Fuyu' during autumn and winter in a region of low chill occurence. The stems were collected in an orchard in Fazenda Rio Grande, Parana State, Brazil, in 10 dates in the period from april to august of 2007 and 2008. In the last date, an addicional group of stems was collected and mainteined in a refrigerator (4 a 7 °C) by 672 h. The evaluation of dormancy was observed by the biological test of single node cuttings under controlled conditions (25 °C and photoperiod of 16 h) by the parameters average time for budburst (TMB), final rate of budburst (TF), average time for open leaves to appear (TMFA), rate of vigorous budburst (TBV) and velocity of budburst (VB). The entirely randomized experimental design was used with 11 treatments and four replications. The two years were analysed individually. The more intense endodormancy period of persimmon tree buds occure from mid may to early june in a region of low chill occurrence.O objetivo da pesquisa foi determinar a dinâmica da dormência de gemas em caquizeiros cv. Fuyu durante o outono e inverno em região de baixa ocorrência de frio. Os ramos foram coletados em 10 datas no período de abril a agosto de 2007 e 2008 em um pomar do município de Fazenda Rio Grande, Paraná. Na última coleta, um grupo adicional de ramos foi coletado e mantido em refrigerador (4 a 7 °C) por 672 h. A intensidade de dormência foi avaliada pelo teste biológico de estacas de nós isolados realizado a temperatura de 25 °C e fotoperíodo de 16 h, por meio dos parâmetros tempo médio para brotação (TMB), taxa final de brotação (TF), tempo médio para aparecimento de folhas abertas (TMFA), taxa de brotações vigorosas (TBV) e velocidade de brotação (VB). O delineamento experimental adotado foi o completamente casualizado com 11 tratamentos, quatro repetições e dez estacas por parcela. Os dois anos de avaliação foram analisados individualmente. A endodormência mais intensa do caquizeiro ‘Fuyu’ ocorre no período compreendido entre a metade de maio e o início de junho em região de baixa ocorrência de frio

Development of cotton variety IAPAR 4 - Paraná 1

São apresentados e discutidos dados de 46 ensaios conduzidos por seis anos agrícolas no Estado do Paraná, com a linhagem PR 4139, originária de seleção individual de plantas na variedade Réba B-50. São mostrados dados comparativos com as variedades em cultivo, e características morfológicas diferenciais. O material recebeu o nome de "IAPAR 4 - Paraná 1" e é recomendado, no Estado, para áreas de solos argilosos e comprovadamente sem problemas de murcha e nematóide.Data from 46 field experiments carried out during six years in the State of Paraná, with tine PR 4139, originated from individual selection in Reba B-50 variety, are presented and discussed. Comparison between cultivated varieties is made, and morphological characters are described. The line received the name IAPAR 4 Paraná 1" and is recommended in the State for areas with clay soils and free from wilt.