Die betriebliche Integration leistungsgewandelter Mitarbeiter

Die Integration leistungsgewandelter Mitarbeiter wird vor allem auf Grund des demografischen Wandels in der Arbeitswelt ein Problem für Unternehmen. Nach Begriffsbestimmungen und der Kennzeichnung der Gruppe Leistungsgewandelter erfolgt die Einordnung des Problems in verschiedene Managementkonzepte, d. h. in das Personal-, Gesundheits-, Diversity Management und Disability Management. Sodann werden das Integrations-, Separations-, Flexibilisierungs- und Insourcing-Outsourcing-Modell zur betrieblichen Eingliederung Leistungsgewandelter diskutiert. Es erfolgt überwiegend am Beispiel des Projekts "Work2Work". Schließlich werden aus diesem Projekt Folgerungen für weitere Unternehmen abgeleitet.The integration of employees with changing capabilities and productivity levels is becoming an issue for companies against the background of demographic changes in the workplace. After defining the term and identifying the group of employees with changing capabilities and productivity levels, the issue is integrated in management concepts i.e. in human resources, health, diversity and disability management. There follows a discussion on the integration of employees with changing capabilities and productivity levels using the models for integration, separation, flexibilisation and in-sourcing/out-sourcing. The discussion is based largely on the "Work2Work" project. Conclusions are drawn from this project for other companies

Um ensaio sobre burnout, engagement e estratégias de coping na profissão docente An essay on burnout, engagement, and coping strategies in the teaching profession

Investigadores, um pouco por todo o mundo, começaram a preocupar-se com o fenómeno do burnout, ao identificarem este sintoma essencialmente nas profissões que envolviam uma relação assistencial ou de ajuda, como o caso dos médicos, enfermeiros e psicólogos. Contudo, não tardou que se percebesse que este fenómeno pudesse também estar presente na profissão docente de uma forma muito significativa. A docência é, na atualidade, uma das profissões mais sujeitas a altos níveis de stresse, podendo levar ao burnout, caso se torne recorrente. Muitos docentes conseguem adaptar-se e reagir de uma forma funcional perante as dificuldades próprias da profissão, tornando-se profissionais engaged, ou seja, enquanto alguns professores vivenciam as dimensões negativas do burnout (exaustão emocional, despersonalização e perda de realização profissional), outros experienciam as três dimensões positivas do engagement(vigor, dedicação e absorção profissional). Com a entrada da chamada "psicologia positiva", surge uma nova perspectiva de estudo que procura respostas para determinadas formas de envolvimento profissional. Assim, apesar do fenómeno do engagement ainda não estar muito estudado, encontrar professores engagedcom a sua profissão também é uma realidade presente em muitos países. O recurso a estratégias de coping é uma forma de lidar com as dificuldades inerentes ao exercício da profissão docente. Logo, é importante perceber de que forma a utilização de determinado tipo de estratégia decoping poderá conduzir ao burnoutou, preferencialmente, ao engagement.<br>Researchers throughout the world have started to worry about the phenomenon of burnout, identifying it mainly in professions that involve a relation of assistance or help, as in the case of medical doctors, nurses, and psychologists. However, it was not long before it was noticed that such phenomenon can also be present in the teaching profession in a very significant way. Teaching is nowadays one of the professions subjected to the highest levels of stress, which can lead to burnout when the situation becomes recurrent. Many teachers manage to adapt and to react in a functional way when faced with the difficulties inherent to their profession, becoming engaged professionals, that is to say, while some teachers experience the negative dimensions of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and loss of professional fulfillment), others experience the three positive dimensions of engagement (vigor, dedication, and absorption in the profession). With the arrival of the so-called "positive psychology", there comes a new perspective of investigation, which seeks to give answers to certain forms of professional involvement. Thus, despite the fact that the phenomenon of engagement has still been little studied, to find teachers engaged with their profession is also a reality in many countries. Resorting to strategies of coping is one way of dealing with the difficulties inherent to the exercise of the teaching profession. Therefore, it is important to observe in which way the use of certain type of strategy of coping can lead to burnout or, preferably, to engagement