Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document:for:Iron and Steel Production:Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU:(Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The BREF entitled ‘Iron and Steel Production’ forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection and the Commission, to draw up, review, and where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. This BREF for the iron and steel production industry covers the following specified in Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely: • activity 1.3: coke production • activity 2.1: metal ore (including sulphide ore) roasting and sintering • activity 2.2: production of pig iron or steel (primary or secondary fusion) including continuous casting, with a capacity exceeding 2.5 tonnes per hour. The document also covers some activities that may be directly associated to these activities on the same site. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the production of iron and steel are the reduction of emissions to air; efficient energy and raw material usage; minimisation, recovery and the recycling of process residues; as well as effective environmental and energy management systems. The BREF document contains 13 chapters. Chapter 1 provides general information on the iron and steel sector. Chapter 2 provides information and data on general industrial processes used within this sector. Chapters 3 to 8 provide information on particular iron and steel processes (sinter plants, pelletisation, coke ovens, blast furnaces, basic oxygen steelmaking and casting, electric arc steelmaking and casting). In Chapter 9 the BAT conclusions, as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, are presented for the sectors described in Chapters 2 to 8.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Wood-based Panels: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The BAT reference document (BREF) entitled ‘Production of Wood-based Panels' forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and, where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. This BREF for the production of wood-based panels covers the activities specified in Section 6.1(c) of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU. In particular, this document addresses the following processes and activities: • the manufacture of wood-based panels by dry or wet processes; including the production of: • particleboard (PB); • oriented strand board (OSB); • medium density fibreboard (MDF), including low density fibreboard (LDF) and high density fibreboard (HDF), produced in a dry process; • fibreboard, including rigidboard (RB) and flexboard (FB), produced in a dry process; • fibreboard, including softboard (SB) and hardboard (HB), produced in a wet process. This document covers all activities from the storage of raw materials to the finished raw board ready for storage. This document additionally addresses the following activities which are considered activities directly associated to the main Annex I, Section 6.1(c) activity, even if the directly associated activity is not necessarily an Annex I activity itself: • on-site combustion plants (including engines) generating hot gases for directly heated dryers without restriction of capacity; • the manufacture of impregnated paper with resins. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the wood-based panels industry are the emissions to air from dryers and presses of dust, formaldehyde, and volatile organic compounds. This BREF contains seven chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 provide general information on the wood-based panels industry and on the common industrial processes and techniques used within the whole sector. Chapters 3 and 4 provide information and data concerning the applied processes and techniques in the sector; the environmental performance of installations in terms of current emissions, consumption of raw materials, water and energy, as well as on generation of waste; the techniques to prevent and/or reduce emissions from the wood-based panels production plants. In Chapter 5, the BAT conclusions, as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, are presented for the wood-based panels industry. In Chapter 6, the emerging techniques are presented. Chapter 7 is dedicated to concluding remarks and recommendations for future work regarding the sector.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Incineration: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document (BREF) for Waste Incineration is part of a series of documents presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and – where necessary – update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/75/EU on Industrial Emissions (the Directive). This document ispublished by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. The BREF for Waste Incineration covers the disposal or recovery of waste in waste incineration plants and waste co-incineration plants, and the disposal or recovery of waste involving the treatment of slags and/or bottom ashes from the incineration of waste. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the waste incineration (WI) sector include emissions to air, emissions to water, and the efficiency of the recovery of energy and of materials from the waste. Chapter 1 provides general information on the WI sector. Chapter 2 provides information on the common processes and general techniques that are applied across the WI sector for: the pre-treatment, storage and handling of different types of waste; the thermal treatment; energy recovery; flue-gas cleaning; waste water treatment; and the treatment of solid residues. Chapter 3 reports the current ranges of the emission and consumption levels reported in the WI sector. Techniques to consider in the determination of BAT (i.e. techniques that are widely applied in the WI sector) are reported in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive. Chapter 6 presents information on 'emerging techniques' as defined in Article 3(14) of the Directive. Chapter 7 contains concluding remarks and recommendations for future work.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The BAT reference document entitled ‘Production of Chlor-alkali’ forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and, where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive 2010/75/EU on industrial emissions. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. This BREF for the production of chlor-alkali covers certain industrial activities specified in Sections 4.2(a) and 4.2(c) of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely the production of chlor-alkali chemicals (chlorine, hydrogen, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide) by the electrolysis of brine. In particular, this document covers the following processes and activities: - the storage of salt; - the preparation, purification and resaturation of brine; - the electrolysis of brine; - the concentration, purification, storage and handling of sodium/potassium hydroxide; - the cooling, drying, purification, compression, liquefaction, storage and handling of chlorine; - the cooling, purification, compression, storage and handling of hydrogen; - the conversion of mercury cell plants to membrane cell plants; - the decommissioning of mercury cell plants; - the remediation of chlor-alkali production sites. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the chlor-alkali industry are the conversion and decommissioning of mercury cell plants, the conversion of asbestos diaphragm cell plants and the use of non-asbestos diaphragms, electricity consumption, and emissions of chlorine to air and water. The BREF contains seven chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 provide general information on the chlor-alkali industry and on the industrial processes and techniques used within this sector. Chapter 3 provides data and information concerning the environmental performance of installations in terms of current emissions, consumption of raw materials, water and energy, and generation of waste. Chapter 4 describes the techniques to prevent or reduce the environmental impact of installations in the sector. In Chapter 5 the BAT conclusions, as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, are presented for the chlor-alkali industry. Chapters 6 and 7 are dedicated to emerging techniques as well as to concluding remarks and recommendations for future work in the sector, respectively.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document (BREF) for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries is part of a series of documents presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review and – where necessary – update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of Directive 2010/78/EU on Industrial Emissions (the Directive). This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. The BREF for the Food, Drink and Milk Industries covers the treatment and processing, other than exclusively packaging, of the animal and/or vegetable raw materials, whether previously processed or unprocessed, intended for the production of food or feed, as specified in Section 6.4 (b) of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the food, drink and milk (FDM) sector are emissions to water, energy and water consumption. Chapter 1 provides general information on the FDM sector and on the industrial processes and techniques used within this sector. Chapter 2 provides information on the common industrial processes, abatement systems and general techniques that are used across the FDM sector. General techniques to consider in the determination of BAT (i.e. those techniques to consider that are widely applied in the FDM sector) are reported in Chapter 2. Chapters 3 to 15 give the applied processes, current emission and consumption levels, techniques to consider in the determination of BAT and emerging techniques for the FDM sectors that are covered by these chapters. Chapter 16 provides thumbnail descriptions of additional FDM sectors, for which a data collection via questionnaires has not been carried out. Chapter 17 presents the BAT conclusions as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, both general and sector-specific. Concluding remarks and recommendations for future work are presented in Chapter 18.JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Tanning of Hides and Skins: Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU:(Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The BREF entitled ‘Tanning of Hides and Skins’ forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review, and where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Directive. This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. This BREF for the tanning of hides and skins industry covers the following activities specified in Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely: - activities specified in Section 6.3: tanning of hides and skins where the treatment capacity exceeds 12 tonnes of finished products per day - activities specified in Section 6.11: independently operated treatment of waste water not covered by Directive 91/271/EEC and discharged by an installation undertaking activities covered under Section 6.3 above. In particular, this document covers the core processes in the tanning of hides and skins and the associated activities; this includes all or any part of the process starting from a raw hide or skin and ending with leather. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the tanning of hides and skins industry are the reduction of emissions to water; efficient usage of energy and water; minimisation, recovery and recycling of process residues; as well as an effective implementation of environmental and energy management systems. The BREF document contains seven chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 provide general information on the tanning of hides and skins industry and on the industrial processes and techniques used within this sector. Chapter 3 provides data and information concerning the environmental performance of installations in terms of current emissions, consumptions of raw materials, water and energy, generation of waste. Chapter 4 describes the techniques to prevent or reduce the environmental impact of installations in the sector. In Chapter 5 the BAT conclusions, as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, are presented for the tanning of hides and skins industry. Chapter 6 and 7 are dedicated to emerging techniques and concluding remarks and recommendations for future work in the sector, respectively.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The BREF entitled ‘Refining of Mineral Oil and Gas’ forms part of a series presenting the results of an exchange of information between EU Member States, the industries concerned, non-governmental organisations promoting environmental protection, and the Commission, to draw up, review, and where necessary, update BAT reference documents as required by Article 13(1) of the Industrial Emissions Directive (2010/75/EU). This document is published by the European Commission pursuant to Article 13(6) of the Directive. This BREF for the refining of mineral oil and gas covers certain industrial activities specified in Section 1.2 of Annex I to Directive 2010/75/EU, namely the energy industries of the refining of mineral oil and gas sector. In particular, this document covers the following refineries processes and activities: - Alkylation - Base oil production - Bitumen production - Catalytic cracking - Catalytic reforming - Coking - Cooling - Desalting - Combustion of refinery fuels for energy production - Etherification - Gas separation - Hydrogen consuming processes - Hydrogen production - Isomerisation - Natural gas plants - Polymerisation - Primary distillation - Product treatments - Storage and handling of refinery materials - Visbreaking and other thermal conversions - Waste gas treatment - Waste water treatment - Waste management. Important issues for the implementation of Directive 2010/75/EU in the refining of mineral oil and gas sector are the emissions to air of volatile organic substances, nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides, hydrofluoric acid, ammonia, carbon monoxide, dioxins and furans, and dust; emissions to water of oils, benzene, suspended solids, COD, nitrogen, metals (lead, cadmium, nickel, mercury); energy efficiency; and the prevention of emissions to soil and groundwater. The BREF document contains seven chapters. Chapters 1 and 2 provide general information on the refining of mineral oil and gas industry and on the industrial processes and techniques used within this sector. Chapter 3 provides data and information concerning the environmental performance of installations in terms of current emissions, consumption of raw materials, water and energy, and generation of waste. Chapter 4 describes the techniques to prevent or reduce emissions from installations in the sector. In Chapter 5 the BAT conclusions, as defined in Article 3(12) of the Directive, are presented for the refining of mineral oil and gas industry. Chapters 6 and 7 are dedicated to emerging techniques as well as to concluding remarks and recommendations for future work in the sector, respectively.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio

Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste treatment Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for Waste Treatment is the result of the information exchange since the kick-off meeting which was held from 25 to 28 November 2013. The information collection took place in 2014 and 2015 and the final meeting took place in March 2017. The document includes information on the following waste treatment processes: - Mechanical treatment in shredders of metal waste - Mechanical treatment of VFCs and VHCs containing equipment - Mechanical treatment of waste with calorific value - Aerobic treatment of waste - Anaerobic treatment of waste - Mechanical-Biological treatment of waste (MBT) - Physico-chemical treatment of solid and pasty waste - Re-refining of waste oil - Physico-chemical treatment of waste with calorific value - Regeneration of spent solvents - Physico-chemical and/or biological treatment of water-based liquid waste - Regeneration / recovery of pollution abatement components / Flue-Gas Treatment (FGT) of waste - Recovery of components from spent catalysts - Treatment of excavated contaminated soil - Treatment of POPs-containing waste - Treatment of mercury-containing wasteJRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

JRC Reference Report on Monitoring of Emissions to Air and Water from IED Installations - Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

The monitoring of emissions to air and water represents an important element in preventing and reducing pollution from industrial installations and in ensuring a high level of protection of the environment taken as a whole. Therefore, the Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (IED) addresses the monitoring of emissions in a number of instances. This JRC Reference Report on Monitoring (ROM) summarises information on the monitoring of emissions to air and water from IED installations, thereby providing practical guidance for the application of the Best Available Techniques (BAT) conclusions on monitoring in order to help competent authorities to define monitoring requirements in the permits of IED installations. Moreover, the information and recommendations provided by this document may help the Technical Working Groups (TWGs) to derive BAT conclusions during the drawing up and review of BAT Reference documents (BREFs).JRC.B.5-Circular Economy and Industrial Leadershi

CORRIGENDUM Best Available Techniques (BAT) Reference Document for the Production of Chlor-alkali. Industrial Emissions Directive 2010/75/EU (Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control)

Not applicable.JRC.J.5-Sustainable Production and Consumptio