DIGESTIBILIDADE DA FRAÇÃO NITROGENADA EM BOVINOS ALIMENTADOS COM RAÇÕES CONTENDO DIFERENTES FONTES DE NITROGENIO

The present research work has been carried out with the aim to study the digestibility of nitrogen fractions, in animals fed with different nitrogen sources rations. The diets were supplied to Holstein steers with abomasal cannulas, with eight months of age and average weight of 187 kg, in a total of 21 animals selected at random. The experimental rations were constituted by 40% roughage (Rhodes grass hay) and 60% concentrate (corn, cotton seed meal, yeast, urea, molasses and minerals) by concentrate mixture. The utilized treatments were: RA (ration with cotton seed meal); RL (ration with yeast); RU (ration with urea). The amount of nitrogen (N) intaked in grams per day (g/day) in relation of metabolic weight (g/kgLW0.75) did not display significant differences (P > 0.05) with the change of nitrogen source of diets. Also the N present in abomasum (g/day) did not display significant differences (P > 0.05). The N apparent digestibility was superior (P < 0.05) in RU diet (53.61%) when compared to RA and RL diets (46.66 and 46.37%, respectively). RA and RL diets, despite presenting the largest amount of NNA in the abomasum (71.75 and 72.38 g/day respectively) in relation to RU diet (P < 0.05), were the ones that present the largest amounts eliminated in feaces as well (37.74 and 41.20 g/day, respectively). This fact contributed for the amounts absorbed of NNA by the intestine (g/day), which did not present significant differences between the diets (P > 0.05). The protein sources of diets intervened on the nitrogen apparent digestibility.O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar a digestibilidade da fração nitrogenada em animais alimentados com diferentes fontes de nitrogênio (N). As dietas foram fornecidas a bezerros da raça Holandesa, canulados no abomaso, com idade aproximada de 8 meses e peso médio de 187 kg, totalizando 21 animais escolhidos aleatoriamente, formando o grupo de repetições experimentais. As rações experimentais foram constituídas de 40 % de volumoso (feno de Capim-de-Rhodes) e 60 % de concentrado (milho, farelo de algodão, levedura, uréia, melaço e minerais), sendo: RA: ração com farelo de algodão; RL: ração com levedura; RU: ração com uréia. A quantidade de N ingerido em g/dia e em relação ao peso metabólico não apresentou diferenças significativas (P > 0,05) à medida que se variou a fonte nitrogenada das dietas. O N presente no abomaso (g/ dia) também não apresentou diferenças significativas entre as dietas (P > 0,05). A digestibilidade aparente do N foi superior (P < 0,05) na dieta RU (53,61 %) em relação às dietas RA e RL (46,66 e 46,37 %, respectivamente). As dietas RA e RL, apesar de apresentarem maiores quantidades de nitrogênio não-amoniacol (NNA) presentes no abomaso (71,75 e 72,38 g/dia respectivamente) em relação à dieta RU (P < 0,05), também foram as que apresentaram maiores quantidades eliminadas nas fezes (37,74 e 41,20 g/dia, respectivamente); isto contribuiu para que a quantidade de NNA absorvida no intestino (g/dia) não apresentasse diferenças significativas entre as dietas (P > 0,05). As fontes nitrogenadas das dietas interferiram sobre a digestibilidade aparente do nitrogênio

A Brief History, Status, and Perspective of Modified Oligonucleotides for Chemotherapeutic Applications

The advent of rapid and efficient methods of oligonucleotide synthesis has allowed the design of modified oligonucleotides that are complementary to specific nucleotide sequences in mRNA targets. Such modified oligonucleotides can be used to disrupt the flow of genetic information from transcribed mRNAs to proteins. This antisense strategy has been used to develop therapeutic oligonucleotides against cancer and various infectious diseases in humans. This overview reports recent advances in the application of oligonucleotides as drug candidates, describes the relationship between oligonucleotide modifications and their therapeutic profiles, and provides general guidelines for enhancing oligonucleotide drug properties.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/143788/1/cpnc0401.pd

Calorimetric and transport investigations of CePd_{2+x}Ge_{2-x} (x=0 and 0.02) up to 22 GPa

The influence of pressure on the magnetically ordered CePd_{2.02}Ge_{1.98} has been investigated by a combined measurement of electrical resistivity, $\rho(T)$, and ac-calorimetry, C(T), for temperatures in the range 0.3 K<T<10 K and pressures, p, up to 22 GPa. Simultaneously CePd_2Ge_2 has been examined by $\rho(T)$ down to 40 mK. In CePd_{2.02}Ge_{1.98} and CePd_2Ge_2 the magnetic order is suppressed at a critical pressure p_c=11.0 GPa and p_c=13.8 GPa, respectively. In the case of CePd_{2.02}Ge_{1.98} not only the temperature coefficient of $\rho(T)$, A, indicates the loss of magnetic order but also the ac-signal $1/V_{ac}\propto C/T$ recorded at low temperature. The residual resistivity is extremely pressure sensitive and passes through a maximum and then a minimum in the vicinity of p_c. The (T,p) phase diagram and the A(p)-dependence of both compounds can be qualitatively understood in terms of a pressure-tuned competition between magnetic order and the Kondo effect according to the Doniach picture. The temperature-volume (T,V) phase diagram of CePd_2Ge_2 combined with that of CePd_2Si_2 shows that in stoichiometric compounds mainly the change of interatomic distances influences the exchange interaction. It will be argued that in contrast to this the much lower p_c-value of CePd_{2.02}Ge_{1.98} is caused by an enhanced hybridization between 4f and conduction electrons.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Jet Quenching and the p-bar >= pi- Anomaly at RHIC

PHENIX data on Au+Au at root(s)_= 130 AGeV suggest that p-bar yields may exceed pi- at high p_T > 2 GeV/c. We propose that jet quenching in central collisions suppresses the hard PQCD component of the spectra in central A+A reactions, thereby exposing a novel component of baryon dynamics that we attribute to (gluonic) baryon junctions. We predict that the observed p-bar >= pi- and the p > pi+ anomaly at p_T ~ 2 GeV/c is limited to a finite p_T window that decreases with increasing impact parameter.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, REVTeX, uses bbox.sty. Final version: references and figures updated. Added discussion on the p/pi+ rati

Obesity remodels activity and transcriptional state of a lateral hypothalamic brake on feeding

The current obesity epidemic is a major worldwide health concern. Despite the consensus that the brain regulates energy homeostasis, the neural adaptations governing obesity are unknown. Using a combination of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing and longitudinal in vivo two-photon calcium imaging, we surveyed functional alterations of the lateral hypothalamic area (LHA) - a highly conserved brain region that orchestrates feeding - in a mouse model of obesity. The transcriptional profile of LHA glutamatergic neurons was affected by obesity, exhibiting changes indicative of altered neuronal activity. Encoding properties of individual LHA glutamatergic neurons were then tracked throughout obesity, revealing greatly attenuated reward responses.These data demonstrate how diet disrupts the function of an endogenous feeding suppression system to promote overeating and obesity

Measurement of the Proton Spin Structure Function g1p with a Pure Hydrogen Target

A measurement of the proton spin structure function g1p(x,Q^2) in deep-inelastic scattering is presented. The data were taken with the 27.6 GeV longitudinally polarised positron beam at HERA incident on a longitudinally polarised pure hydrogen gas target internal to the storage ring. The kinematic range is 0.021<x<0.85 and 0.8 GeV^2<Q^2<20 GeV^2. The integral Int_{0.021}^{0.85} g1p(x)dx evaluated at Q0^2 of 2.5 GeV^2 is 0.122+/-0.003(stat.)+/-0.010(syst.).Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, RevTeX late

Determination of the Deep Inelastic Contribution to the Generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn Integral for the Proton and Neutron

The virtual photon absorption cross section differences [sigma_1/2-sigma_3/2] for the proton and neutron have been determined from measurements of polarised cross section asymmetries in deep inelastic scattering of 27.5 GeV longitudinally polarised positrons from polarised 1H and 3He internal gas targets. The data were collected in the region above the nucleon resonances in the kinematic range nu < 23.5 GeV and 0.8 GeV**2 < Q**2 < 12 GeV**2. For the proton the contribution to the generalised Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn integral was found to be substantial and must be included for an accurate determination of the full integral. Furthermore the data are consistent with a QCD next-to-leading order fit based on previous deep inelastic scattering data. Therefore higher twist effects do not appear significant.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, 1 table, revte

Observation of a Coherence Length Effect in Exclusive Rho^0 Electroproduction

Exclusive incoherent electroproduction of the rho^0(770) meson from 1H, 2H, 3He, and 14N targets has been studied by the HERMES experiment at squared four-momentum transfer Q**2>0.4 GeV**2 and positron energy loss nu from 9 to 20 GeV. The ratio of the 14N to 1H cross sections per nucleon, known as the nuclear transparency, was found to decrease with increasing coherence length of quark-antiquark fluctuations of the virtual photon. The data provide clear evidence of the interaction of the quark- antiquark fluctuations with the nuclear medium.Comment: RevTeX, 5 pages, 3 figure

On the Link between Gaussian Homotopy Continuation and Convex Envelopes

Abstract. The continuation method is a popular heuristic in computer vision for nonconvex optimization. The idea is to start from a simpli-fied problem and gradually deform it to the actual task while tracking the solution. It was first used in computer vision under the name of graduated nonconvexity. Since then, it has been utilized explicitly or im-plicitly in various applications. In fact, state-of-the-art optical flow and shape estimation rely on a form of continuation. Despite its empirical success, there is little theoretical understanding of this method. This work provides some novel insights into this technique. Specifically, there are many ways to choose the initial problem and many ways to progres-sively deform it to the original task. However, here we show that when this process is constructed by Gaussian smoothing, it is optimal in a specific sense. In fact, we prove that Gaussian smoothing emerges from the best affine approximation to Vese’s nonlinear PDE. The latter PDE evolves any function to its convex envelope, hence providing the optimal convexification

Measurement of the Strong Coupling alpha s from Four-Jet Observables in e+e- Annihilation

Data from e+e- annihilation into hadrons at centre-of-mass energies between 91 GeV and 209 GeV collected with the OPAL detector at LEP, are used to study the four-jet rate as a function of the Durham algorithm resolution parameter ycut. The four-jet rate is compared to next-to-leading order calculations that include the resummation of large logarithms. The strong coupling measured from the four-jet rate is alphas(Mz0)= 0.1182+-0.0003(stat.)+-0.0015(exp.)+-0.0011(had.)+-0.0012(scale)+-0.0013(mass) in agreement with the world average. Next-to-leading order fits to the D-parameter and thrust minor event-shape observables are also performed for the first time. We find consistent results, but with significantly larger theoretical uncertainties.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, Submitted to Euro. Phys. J.