The hyperspace graph of connected subgraphs

Given a connected graph G, the hyperspace graph of connected subgraphs C (G) is defined. The graph C (G) is such that every vertex represents a connected subgraph of G. It is shown that every connected graph G has a unique graph C (G). A characterization of a path, a cycle and the 3-star by their corresponding hyperspace graphs of connected subgraphs is shown. A special geometric representation R (G) of C (G) in an euclidean space is presented. A set P (G) is constructed based on R (G). When G is a topological tree, P (G) and the hyperspace of subcontinua of G are homeomorphic.;Given a graph G, the size of G is the cardinality of the edge set. A special kind of subgraphs of C (G) is studied; given a non-negative integer n, the n-th size level of G, denoted by Qn (G) is defined. This graph is the induced graph in C (G) of all the connected subgraphs of G with size n. Relations between G, the graphs Qn (G) and C (G) are analyzed

Leveraging big data tools and technologies: Addressing the challenges of the water quality sector

The water utility sector is subject to stringent legislation, seeking to address both the evolution of practices within the chemical/pharmaceutical industry, and the safeguarding of environmental protection, and which is informed by stakeholder views. Growing public environmental awareness is balanced by fair apportionment of liability within-sector. This highly complex and dynamic context poses challenges for water utilities seeking to manage the diverse chemicals arising from disparate sources reaching Wastewater Treatment Plants, including residential, commercial, and industrial points of origin, and diffuse sources including agricultural and hard surface water run-off. Effluents contain broad ranges of organic and inorganic compounds, herbicides, pesticides, phosphorus, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals of emerging concern. These potential pollutants can be in dissolved form, or arise in association with organic matter, the associated risks posing significant environmental challenges. This paper examines how the adoption of new Big Data tools and computational technologies can offer great advantage to the water utility sector in addressing this challenge. Big Data approaches facilitate improved understanding and insight of these challenges, by industry, regulator, and public alike. We discuss how Big Data approaches can be used to improve the outputs of tools currently in use by the water industry, such as SAGIS (Source Apportionment GIS system), helping to reveal new relationships between chemicals, the environment, and human health, and in turn provide better understanding of contaminants in wastewater (origin, pathways, and persistence). We highlight how the sector can draw upon Big Data tools to add value to legacy datasets, such as the Chemicals Investigation Programme in the UK, combined with contemporary data sources, extending the lifespan of data, focusing monitoring strategies, and helping users adapt and plan more efficiently. Despite the relative maturity of the Big Data technology and adoption in many wider sectors, uptake within the water utility sector remains limited to date. By contrast with the extensive range of applications of Big Data in in other sectors, highlight is drawn to how improvements are required to achieve the full potential of this technology in the water utility industry

Toward Quantum Superposition of Living Organisms

The most striking feature of quantum mechanics is the existence of superposition states, where an object appears to be in different situations at the same time. The existence of such states has been tested with small objects, like atoms, ions, electrons and photons, and even with molecules. More recently, it has been possible to create superpositions of collections of photons, atoms, or Cooper pairs. Current progress in optomechanical systems may soon allow us to create superpositions of even larger objects, like micro-sized mirrors or cantilevers, and thus to test quantum mechanical phenomena at larger scales. Here we propose a method to cool down and create quantum superpositions of the motion of sub-wavelength, arbitrarily shaped dielectric objects trapped inside a high--finesse cavity at a very low pressure. Our method is ideally suited for the smallest living organisms, such as viruses, which survive under low vacuum pressures, and optically behave as dielectric objects. This opens up the possibility of testing the quantum nature of living organisms by creating quantum superposition states in very much the same spirit as the original Schr\"odinger's cat "gedanken" paradigm. We anticipate our essay to be a starting point to experimentally address fundamental questions, such as the role of life and consciousness in quantum mechanics.Comment: 9 pages, 4 figures, published versio

Multicausalidad del síndrome entérico en conejos de México

Enteropathies in rabbits are difficult to diagnose; their etiology involves pathogens that act synergistically, causing damage to the intestine. The aim of the present study was isolate enteric pathogens from rabbits in Mexico. Using parasitological, bacteriological and molecular analyses, we screened 58 samples of the intestinal content of rabbits having a clinical history of enteric disease from the southeastern part of the State of Mexico. Out of the 58 samples analyzed, a total of 86 identifications were made, Eimeria spp. were found in 77.5%, followed by Aeromonas spp. in 15.5% and Escherichia coli in 8.6%, which were identified as enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), and the presence of the following agents was also confirmed: Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus spp., Mannheimia spp. and Rotavirus. The concurrent presence of Eimeria spp. with Aeromonas was frequent (15.5%); there was statistical significance for the presence of an association between the clinical profiles and Eimeria spp. (p = 0.000), Mannheimia spp. (p = 0.001), Salmonella spp., Klebsiella spp., Streptococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (p = 0.006).UAEM Becaria CONACy

Educación virtual y evaluación formativa en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Superior – Oxapampa, 2022

El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar la relación entre la educación virtual y la evaluación formativa en los estudiantes Educación virtual y evaluación formativa en los estudiantes de la Institución Educativa Superior – Oxapampa, 2022 La metodología que se empleó para esta tesis estuvo relacionada con un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo básica correlacional descriptiva. La muestra estuvo conformada por 83 docentes de la de la Institución Educativa Superior – Oxapampa, 2022. Se puede precisar que, el instrumento fue sometido a una prueba piloto antes de ser aplicado, para corroborar la fiabilidad del instrumento, se utilizó la prueba de Alfa de Cronbach, se procesaron los datos de cada cuestionario alcanzando un nivel de confiabilidad de la educación virtual 0,964 y en evaluación formativa 0,945. La confiabilidad de los 2 instrumentos tiene una correlación de confiabilidad excelente. Entre los resultados más resaltantes que se han obtenido de la población estudiada, en la variable educación virtual, manifestándose un 26,51 % con un nivel medio y un 73,49% con un nivel alto y evaluación formativa, manifestándose un 30,1% en nivel medio y 69,9% con un nivel alto, se concluyó que educación virtual se relacionan directamente con la evaluación formativa