Orientalismos americanistas: Vicente Fidel López, Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen y los indígenas

This article analyzes Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen´s and Vicente Fidel López’ respective theories on the origins of the Tupi and Peruvian Indians. In particular, it puts forward that the historicist approach of the authors’ theories can be attributed to the linguistic contributions of orientalism. The principal aim of this work is to shed light on the connections, in both authors’ works, between indigenism, linguistics, historiography and political plans for Argentina and Brazil.Este artículo examina las teorías acerca de los orígenes de los indígenas tupís, de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, y de los indígenas peruanos, de Vicente Fidel López. Se propone que la deriva historicista de esas teorías se debía a los aportes lingüísticos del orientalismo. El objetivo de este trabajo es arrojar luz sobre las relaciones, en ambos autores, entre indigenismo, lingüística, historiografía y proyectos políticos para Argentina y Brasil

Cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system

Human insulin is provided by the Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS) for the treatment of diabetes, however, legal proceedings to acquire insulin analogs have burdened the BPHS health system. The aim of this study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare insulin analogs and human insulins. This is a pharmacoeconomic study of cost-effectiveness. The direct medical cost related to insulin extracted from the Ministry of Health drug price list was considered. The clinical results, i.e. reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were extracted by meta-analysis. Different scenarios were structured to measure the uncertainties regarding the costs and reduction in HbA1c. Decision tree was developed for sensitivity of Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). A total of fifteen scenarios were structured. Given the best-case scenario for the insulin analogs, the insulins aspart, lispro, glargine and detemir showed an ICER of R$1,768.59; R$ 3,308.54; R$11,718.75 and R$ 2,685.22, respectively. In all scenarios in which the minimum effectiveness was proposed, lispro, glargine and detemir were dominant strategies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the aspart had R$3,066.98 [95$ 6,163.97 [95% CI: 3919.29; 11401.57] for incremental costs. We concluded there was evidence that the insulin aspart is the most cost-effective

QUADROS DE DELÍRIUM EM PACIENTES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA E A ASSOCIAÇÃO COM SEDOANALGESIA: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA

O delírium é uma alteração do estado cognitivo e mental, de início súbito e usualmente reversível. Os sintomas característicos são alucinações, confusão mental e agitação. São diversos os fatores desencadeantes deste quadro, dentre eles, infecções, idade, abstinência de álcool e drogas, interações medicamentosas e até mesmo a internação em ambiente hospitalar. Existem 2 tipos de delírium, o hipoativo, que é encontrado na maioria dos casos, o paciente se encontra letárgico, prostado, associado principalmente ao idoso, difícil de ser diagnosticado, cursando assim, com um pior prognóstico. O outro tipo de delírium é o hiperativo, associado na grande maioria das vezes em pacientes que se encontram em abstinência de álcool e drogas, o mesmo se encontrará hipervigilante e agressivo, terá um diagnóstico bem explícito, o que contribuirá para a agilidade da introdução do tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo é estabelecer a relação do delirium em pacientes de terapia intensiva com o uso de sedoanalgesia e sugerir meios não farmacológicos que possuem um resultado significante e não invasivo para o tratamento dos pacientes que se encontram com delírum na terapia intensiva. Neste sentido, foi realizada uma revisão de literatura disponível nas bases de dados LILACS, PubMed, Scielo, sem restrição de data de publicação. Foi encontrado que o delirium é uma condição muito comum entre os pacientes hospitalizados na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI), de forma que o uso de sedoanalgesia mostrou-se bastante associado à ocorrência de delírium, tendo as medidas não farmacológicas um melhor impacto no tratamento. Por fim, é recomendável que sejam conduzidas pesquisas adicionais no futuro, com o intuito de aprofundar nossa compreensão desse problema

Cost-effectiveness of insulin analogs from the perspective of the Brazilian public health system

ABSTRACT Human insulin is provided by the Brazilian Public Health System (BPHS) for the treatment of diabetes, however, legal proceedings to acquire insulin analogs have burdened the BPHS health system. The aim of this study was to perform a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare insulin analogs and human insulins. This is a pharmacoeconomic study of cost-effectiveness. The direct medical cost related to insulin extracted from the Ministry of Health drug price list was considered. The clinical results, i.e. reduction in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), were extracted by meta-analysis. Different scenarios were structured to measure the uncertainties regarding the costs and reduction in HbA1c. Decision tree was developed for sensitivity of Incremental Cost Effectiveness Ratio (ICER). A total of fifteen scenarios were structured. Given the best-case scenario for the insulin analogs, the insulins aspart, lispro, glargine and detemir showed an ICER of R$1,768.59; R$ 3,308.54; R$11,718.75 and R$ 2,685.22, respectively. In all scenarios in which the minimum effectiveness was proposed, lispro, glargine and detemir were dominant strategies. Sensitivity analysis showed that the aspart had R$3,066.98 [95$ 6,163.97 [95% CI: 3919.29; 11401.57] for incremental costs. We concluded there was evidence that the insulin aspart is the most cost-effective

MANIFESTAÇÕES SOCIAIS E NOVAS MÍDIAS: a construção de uma cultura contra-hegemônica

O artigo analisa algumas manifestações sociais que surgiram pelo mundo a partir de 2008, em especial no Egito, na Espanha, nos EUA, no Chile e no Brasil. O nosso interesse está no impacto, nessas manifestações, do uso das redes sociais, já razoavelmente inseridas num contexto de intensa mediação na comunicação entre manifestantes e na opinião pública em geral. Analisamos dois aspectos: o impacto na organização desses movimentos e o uso cada vez mais central das imagens como forma de comunicação. Com a preocupação de identificar pontos de novidade mais do que analisá-los profundamente, indicamos que há interessantes possibilidades de luta contra-hegemônica a partir do uso extensivo e intensivo das mídias sociais, o que se dá pela busca da democracia radical e pelo uso crítico da imagem. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Internet. Mídias sociais. Hegemonia. Movimentos sociais. Política.SOCIAL MANIFESTATIONS AND NEW MEDIA: the construction of a counter-hegemonic culture Paulo Rodrigues Gajanigo Rogério Ferreira de Souza The article analyzes some social protests that have appeared around the world from 2008, especially in Egypt, Spain, USA, Chile and Brazil. Our interest is in the impact, on these events, of the use of social networks, already fairly inserted in a context of intense mediation in communication between protesters and public opinion in general. We analyze two aspects: the impact on the organization of these movements and more central use of images as a form of communication. With a view to identify new points, more than deeply analyze them, indicate that there are interesting possibilities for counter-hegemonic struggle from the extensive and intensive use of social media, which is given by the search for radical democracy and critical use of images. KEYWORDS: Internet. Social media. Hegemony. Social movements. Policy.MANIFESTATIONS SOCIALES ET NOUVEAUX MÉDIAS: la construction d’une culture contrehégémonique Paulo Rodrigues Gajanigo Rogério Ferreira de Souza Cet article analyse quelques manifestations sociales qui ont eu lieu dans le monde à partir de 2008, tout spécialement en Égypte, en Espagne, aux États-Unis, au Chili et au Brésil. Notre centre d’intérêt se situe au niveau de l’impact créé par l’utilisation des réseaux sociaux dans ces manifestations déjà suffisamment insérées dans un contexte d’intense médiation de ces réseaux pour la communication entre les manifestants et l’opinion publique en général. L’analyse porte sur deux aspects: l’impact au niveau de l’organisation de ces mouvements et l’utilisation chaque fois plus centrale des images comme moyen de communication. Dans l’intérêt d’identifier des éléments nouveaux plus que d’en approfondir l’analyse, nous signalons qu’il y a des possibilités intéressantes de lutte contre-hégémonique grâce à l’utilisation intensive des médias sociaux, auxquels on fait appel en vue d’une démocratie radicale et pour l’utilisation critique de l’image. MOTS-CLÉS: Internet. Médias sociaux. Hégémonie. Mouvements sociaux. Politique. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH no Scielo: http://www.scielo.br/ccrh  Publicação Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio