Direitos Humanos e cooperação Sul-Sul: qual a contribuição do Brasil?

Desde meados dos anos 2000 expandiu-se a cooperação Sul-Sul (CSS) como importante forma de relacionamento internacional. O fortalecimento dos direitos humanos é uma das justificativas que permeiam essa modalidade de cooperação para o desenvolvimento. Este artigo trata de analisar o tratamento dado pelo Brasil ao campo da CSS em direitos humanos desde 2003. A uma breve exposição sobre algumas procedências normativas para a relação entre cooperação, democracia, desenvolvimento e direitos humanos, sucede-se uma análise sobre os principais avanços e desafios da CSS brasileira no campo dos direitos humanos nos governos de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010) e, de forma mais pontual, de Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016). Por fim, é feita uma reflexão sucinta sobre o contexto brasileiro no qual se celebra o 70º aniversário da DUDH, em meio ao governo de Michel Temer (2016-). O objetivo deste texto é contribuir com as atuais análises acerca das principais mudanças e os desafios que cercam a realidade internacional dos direitos humanos no chamado Sul Global (com destaque para o Brasil)

Política exterior de Bolsonaro : ideología y aislamiento diplomático (2019-2022)

Números monográficos con título distintivo catalogados individualmente.Los “Análisis Carolina” son textos centrados en asuntos de actualidad, tratando de desentrañar sus claves y ofrecer recomendaciones de política.Bibliografía: p. 10-12Resumen: La ideología y el aislamiento diplomático no eran expresiones en el léxico de la política exterior brasileña (PEB) en tiempos democráticos pero, entre enero de 2019 y agosto de 2022, periodo que comprende este análisis de la presidencia de Jair Bolsonaro, se inocularon en la diplomacia brasileña. Empoderado por la Administración Trump y debilitado por su derrota, Bolsonaro y su grupo ideológico instrumentalizaron y alienaron la PEB para situar al país en la ola internacional de la ultraderecha conservadora y autoritaria, desligando a Brasil de su diplomacia pragmática, de geometría variable en las relaciones internacionales, con el Sur global y el Norte global, vía alianzas regionales y como miembro de los BRICS (Brasil, Rusia, India, China y Sudáfrica), en tanto actor fiable y previsible en los foros multilaterales, en defensa de la democracia y los derechos humanos. Disruptiva, la PEB de Bolsonaro constituye una deformación en la identidad internacional de Brasil

Gestational weight gain charts : results from the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium

Background: Monitoring gestational weight gain (GWG) is fundamental to ensure a successful pregnancy for the mother and the offspring. There are several international GWG charts, but just a few for low- and middle-income countries. Objectives: To construct GWG charts according to pre-pregnancy BMI for Brazilian women. Methods: This is an individual patient data analysis using the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium data, comprising 21 cohort studies. External validation was performed using “Birth in Brazil,” a nationwide study. We selected adult women with singleton pregnancies who were free of infectious and chronic diseases, gestational diabetes, and hypertensive disorders; who delivered a live birth at term; and whose children were adequate for gestational age, and with a birth weight between 2500–4000 g. Maternal self-reported pre-pregnancy weight and weight measured between 10–40 weeks of gestation were used to calculate GWG. Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape were fitted to create GWG charts according to gestational age, stratified by pre-pregnancy BMI. Results: The cohort included 7086 women with 29,323 weight gain measurements to construct the charts and 4711 women with 31,052 measurements in the external validation. The predicted medians for GWG at 40 weeks, according to pre-pregnancy BMI, were: underweight, 14.1 kg (IQR, 10.8–17.5 kg); normal weight, 13.8 kg (IQR, 10.7–17.2 kg); overweight, 12.1 kg (IQR, 8.5–15.7 kg); obesity, 8.9 kg (IQR, 4.8–13.2 kg). The 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles were estimated. Results for internal and external validation showed that the percentages below the selected percentiles were close to those expected. Conclusions: The charts proposed provide a description of GWG patterns according to gestational age and pre-pregnancy BMI among healthy Brazilian women with good neonatal outcomes. The external validation indicates that this new tool can be used to monitor GWG in the primary health-care setting and to test potential recommended values

Lanthanide nitrates as Lewis acids in the one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivatives

In this work we report the use of lanthanide nitrates [Ln(NO3)3] acting as catalyst in direct one-pot synthesis of 3-benzoyl- and 3-acetyl-1,2,4-oxadiazoles derivatives from ketones, nitriles and nitric acid. This is the first example of one-pot synthesis of benzoyl- and acetyl 1,2,4-oxadiazoles derivatives preparation using acetophenones derivates with electron-donator groups.Neste trabalho relatamos o uso de nitratos de lantanídeos [Ln(NO3)3] atuando como catalisador na síntese de uma única etapa de derivados de 3-benzoíla- e 3-acetila-1,2,4-oxadiazóis a partir de cetonas, nitrilas e ácido nítrico. Este é o primeiro exemplo da síntese em única etapa de preparação de derivados benzoíla e acetila-1,2,4-oxadiazóis, usando acetofenonas com grupos doadores de elétrons.14371440Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Protocol for a meta-research study of protocols for diet or nutrition-related trials published in indexed journals:general aspects of study design, rationale and reporting limitations

INTRODUCTION: The Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials (SPIRIT) reporting guideline establishes a minimum set of items to be reported in any randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocol. The Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) reporting guideline was developed to improve the reporting of interventions in RCT protocols and results papers. Reporting completeness in protocols of diet or nutrition-related RCTs has not been systematically investigated. We aim to identify published protocols of diet or nutrition-related RCTs, assess their reporting completeness and identify the main reporting limitations remaining in this field. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will conduct a meta-research study of RCT protocols published in journals indexed in at least one of six selected databases between 2012 and 2022. We have run a search in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Global Health using a search strategy designed to identify protocols of diet or nutrition-related RCTs. Two reviewers will independently screen the titles and abstracts of records yielded by the search in Rayyan. The full texts will then be read to confirm protocol eligibility. We will collect general study features (publication information, types of participants, interventions, comparators, outcomes and study design) of all eligible published protocols in this contemporary sample. We will assess reporting completeness in a randomly selected sample of them and identify their main reporting limitations. We will compare this subsample with the items in the SPIRIT and TIDieR statements. For all data collection, we will use data extraction forms in REDCap. This protocol is registered on the Open Science Framework (DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/YWEVS). ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study will undertake a secondary analysis of published data and does not require ethical approval. The results will be disseminated through journals and conferences targeting stakeholders involved in nutrition research

Back to Basics: Pitting Edema and the Optimization of Hypertension Treatment in Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (BRAZPD)

Systemic arterial hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease that is frequently observed in populations with declining renal function. Initiation of renal replacement therapy at least partially decreases signs of fluid overload; however, high blood pressure levels persist in the majority of patients after dialysis initiation. Hypervolemia due to water retention predisposes peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to hypertension and can clinically manifest in several forms, including peripheral edema. The approaches to detect edema, which include methods such as bioimpedance, inferior vena cava diameter and biomarkers, are not always available to physicians worldwide. For clinical examinations, the presence of pitting located in the lower extremities and/or over the sacrum to diagnose the presence of peripheral edema in their patients are frequently utulized. We evaluated the impact of edema on the control of blood pressure of incident PD patients during the first year of dialysis treatment. Patients were recruited from 114 Brazilian dialysis centers that were participating in the BRAZPD study for a total of 1089 incident patients. Peripheral edema was diagnosed by the presence of pitting after finger pressure was applied to the edematous area. Patients were divided into 2 groups: those with and without edema according to the monthly medical evaluation. Blood arterial pressure, body mass index, the number of antihypertensive drugs and comorbidities were analyzed. We observed an initial BP reduction in the first five months and a stabilization of blood pressure levels from five to twelve months. The edematous group exhibited higher blood pressure levels than the group without edema during the follow-up. The results strongly indicate that the presence of a simple and easily detectable clinical sign of peripheral edema is a very relevant tool that could be used to re-evaluate not only the patient's clinical hypertensive status but also the PD prescription and patient compliance

Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium: establishment, data harmonization and basic characteristics.

Pooled data analysis in the field of maternal and child nutrition rarely incorporates data from low- and middle-income countries and existing studies lack a description of the methods used to harmonize the data and to assess heterogeneity. We describe the creation of the Brazilian Maternal and Child Nutrition Consortium dataset, from multiple pooled longitudinal studies, having gestational weight gain (GWG) as an example. Investigators of the eligible studies published from 1990 to 2018 were invited to participate. We conducted consistency analysis, identified outliers, and assessed heterogeneity for GWG. Outliers identification considered the longitudinal nature of the data. Heterogeneity was performed adjusting multilevel models. We identified 68 studies and invited 59 for this initiative. Data from 29 studies were received, 21 were retained for analysis, resulting in a final sample of 17,344 women with 72,616 weight measurements. Fewer than 1% of all weight measurements were flagged as outliers. Women with pre-pregnancy obesity had lower values for GWG throughout pregnancy. GWG, birth length and weight were similar across the studies and remarkably similar to a Brazilian nationwide study. Pooled data analyses can increase the potential of addressing important questions regarding maternal and child health, especially in countries where research investment is limited

Release of NO from a nitrosyl ruthenium complex through oxidation of mitochondrial NADH and effects on mitochondria

Nitrosyl ruthenium complexes are promising NO donor agents with numerous advantages for the biologic applications of NO. We have characterized the NO release from the nitrosyl ruthenium complex [Ru(NO2)(bpy)(2)(4-pic)](+) (I) and the reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS)-mediated NO actions on isolated rat liver mitochondria. The results indicated that oxidation of mitochondrial NADH promotes NO release from (I) in a manner mediated by NO2 formation (at neutral pH) as in mammalian cells, followed by an oxygen atom transfer mechanism (OAT). The NO released from (I) uncoupled mitochondria at low concentrations/incubation times and inhibited the respiratory chain at high concentrations/incubation times. In the presence of ROS generated by mitochondria NO gave rise to peroxynitrite, which, in turn, inhibited the respiratory chain and oxidized membrane protein-thiols to elicit a Ca2+-independent mitochondrial permeability transition; this process was only partially inhibited by cyclosporine-A, almost fully inhibited by the thiol reagent N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and fully inhibited by the NO scavenger 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,45,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (cPTIO). These actions correlated with the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria as detected by Western blotting analysis. These events, typically involved in cell necrosis and/or apoptosis denote a potential specific action of (I) and analogs against tumor cells via mitochondria-mediated processes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.FAPESPCNP