Ideias agroecológicas: visões e traduções de atores locais no Estado do Pará

Este artigo analisa as “ideias agroecológicas”, quer dizer, a dimensão cognitiva dos atores sociais – instituições da sociedade civil e do poder público – de três territórios no Estado do Pará. Analisamos, assim, o referencial, as visões que eles defendem com relação à agroecologia e como esse referencial influência ações em favor da agricultura familiar. A partir da interlocução, junto a atores sociais implicados em agroecologia, procedeu-se com análises comparativas entre diferentes ideias, de diferentes atores. A lógica das visões de cada ator social é fruto dos objetivos de cada instituição, e do contexto territorial onde ela atua. O território, como suas especificidades, molda as visões dos atores e das instituições

Conexão de Saberes: a experiência interdisciplinar do Programa de Educação Tutorial Comunidades do Campo da UFPR

A partir das conexões de saberes instituídas como um novo eixo dentro dos Programas de Educação Tutorial, surge o grupo PET Comunidades do Campo em 2010, na expansão da Universidade Federal do Paraná, criada em 2005 no litoral do estado. As atividades do grupo se dão em torno de temas relacionados ao modo de vida do campo, agroecologia, agricultura familiar, território e desenvolvimento rural, onde a característica predominante é a interdisciplinaridade, tendo em vista que faz parte de uma política pública que tem por objetivo agregar diversos conhecimentos e saberes ao tema. O PET Comunidades do Campo da UFPR é composto por 14 integrantes. Os estudantes são distribuídos entre os cursos de Tecnologia em Agroecologia, Gestão Ambiental, Gestão e Empreendedorismo, Gestão Pública, Saúde Coletiva e Licenciatura em Educação Física. Aqui traçamos um panorama das representações que estes estudantes têm sobre interdisciplinaridade a partir de algumas questões abertas a eles direcionadas. O resultado evidencia, que o conhecimento interdisciplinar faz parte de suas reflexões e práticas tanto na vida acadêmica quanto em suas relações cotidianas. Destacamos também que o ambiente universitário local favorece, em alguns espaços e para alguns cursos, a troca de saberes e o compartilhamento de informações e conhecimentos, mas o PET Comunidades do Campo proporciona o efetivo exercício da interdisciplinaridade, ampliando os horizontes de possibilidades das profissões escolhidas

High levels of T lymphocyte activation in Leishmania-HIV-1 co-infected individuals despite low HIV viral load

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Concomitant infections may influence HIV progression by causing chronic activation leading to decline in T-cell function. In the Americas, visceral (AVL) and tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) have emerged as important opportunistic infections in HIV-AIDS patients and both of those diseases have been implicated as potentially important co-factors in disease progression. We investigated whether leishmaniasis increases lymphocyte activation in HIV-1 co-infected patients. This might contribute to impaired cellular immune function.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>To address this issue we analyzed CD4⁺T absolute counts and the proportion of CD8⁺T cells expressing CD38 in <it>Leishmania</it>/HIV co-infected patients that recovered after anti-leishmanial therapy.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>We found that, despite clinical remission of leishmaniasis, AVL co-infected patients presented a more severe immunossupression as suggested by CD4⁺T cell counts under 200 cells/mm³, differing from ATL/HIV-AIDS cases that tends to show higher lymphocytes levels (over 350 cells/mm³). Furthermore, five out of nine, AVL/HIV-AIDS presented low CD4⁺T cell counts in spite of low or undetectable viral load. Expression of CD38 on CD8⁺T lymphocytes was significantly higher in AVL or ATL/HIV-AIDS cases compared to HIV/AIDS patients without leishmaniasis or healthy subjects.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p><it>Leishmania </it>infection can increase the degree of immune system activation in individuals concomitantly infected with HIV. In addition, AVL/HIV-AIDS patients can present low CD4⁺T cell counts and higher proportion of activated T lymphocytes even when HIV viral load is suppressed under HAART. This fact can cause a misinterpretation of these laboratorial markers in co-infected patients.</p

Les droits disciplinaires des fonctions publiques : « unification », « harmonisation » ou « distanciation ». A propos de la loi du 26 avril 2016 relative à la déontologie et aux droits et obligations des fonctionnaires

The production of tt‾ , W+bb‾ and W+cc‾ is studied in the forward region of proton–proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98±0.02 fb−1 . The W bosons are reconstructed in the decays W→ℓν , where ℓ denotes muon or electron, while the b and c quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions.The production of $t\overline{t}$, $W+b\overline{b}$ and $W+c\overline{c}$ is studied in the forward region of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.98 $\pm$ 0.02 \mbox{fb}^{-1}. The $W$ bosons are reconstructed in the decays $W\rightarrow\ell\nu$, where $\ell$ denotes muon or electron, while the $b$ and $c$ quarks are reconstructed as jets. All measured cross-sections are in agreement with next-to-leading-order Standard Model predictions

Measurement of the J/ψ pair production cross-section in pp collisions at s=13 \sqrt{s}=13 TeV

The production cross-section of J/ψ pairs is measured using a data sample of pp collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 279 ±11 pb$^{−1}$. The measurement is performed for J/ψ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than 10 GeV/c in the rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5. The production cross-section is measured to be 15.2 ± 1.0 ± 0.9 nb. The first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the J/ψ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions.The production cross-section of $J/\psi$ pairs is measured using a data sample of $pp$ collisions collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 13 \,{\mathrm{TeV}}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $279 \pm 11 \,{\mathrm{pb^{-1}}}$. The measurement is performed for $J/\psi$ mesons with a transverse momentum of less than $10 \,{\mathrm{GeV}}/c$ in the rapidity range $2.0<y<4.5$. The production cross-section is measured to be $15.2 \pm 1.0 \pm 0.9 \,{\mathrm{nb}}$. The first uncertainty is statistical, and the second is systematic. The differential cross-sections as functions of several kinematic variables of the $J/\psi$ pair are measured and compared to theoretical predictions

Measurement of the B0s→μ+μ− Branching Fraction and Effective Lifetime and Search for B0→μ+μ− Decays

A search for the rare decays Bs0→μ+μ- and B0→μ+μ- is performed at the LHCb experiment using data collected in pp collisions corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.4  fb-1. An excess of Bs0→μ+μ- decays is observed with a significance of 7.8 standard deviations, representing the first observation of this decay in a single experiment. The branching fraction is measured to be B(Bs0→μ+μ-)=(3.0±0.6-0.2+0.3)×10-9, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The first measurement of the Bs0→μ+μ- effective lifetime, τ(Bs0→μ+μ-)=2.04±0.44±0.05  ps, is reported. No significant excess of B0→μ+μ- decays is found, and a 95% confidence level upper limit, B(B0→μ+μ-)<3.4×10-10, is determined. All results are in agreement with the standard model expectations.A search for the rare decays $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ and $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ is performed at the LHCb experiment using data collected in $pp$ collisions corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb$^{-1}$. An excess of $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decays is observed with a significance of 7.8 standard deviations, representing the first observation of this decay in a single experiment. The branching fraction is measured to be ${\cal B}(B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-)=\left(3.0\pm 0.6^{+0.3}_{-0.2}\right)\times 10^{-9}$, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The first measurement of the $B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-$ effective lifetime, $\tau(B^0_s\to\mu^+\mu^-)=2.04\pm 0.44\pm 0.05$ ps, is reported. No significant excess of $B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-$ decays is found and a 95 % confidence level upper limit, ${\cal B}(B^0\to\mu^+\mu^-)<3.4\times 10^{-10}$, is determined. All results are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations

Measurements of prompt charm production cross-sections in pp collisions at s=5 \sqrt{s}=5 TeV

Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured using data from $pp$ collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of $5\,$TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $8.60\pm0.33\,$pb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of $D^0$, $D^+$, $D_s^+$, and $D^{*+}$ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, $p_{\text{T}}$, and rapidity, $y$. They cover the rapidity range $2.0 < y < 4.5$ and transverse momentum ranges $0 < p_{\text{T}} < 10\, \text{GeV}/c$ for $D^0$ and $D^+$ and $1 < p_{\text{T}} < 10\, \text{GeV}/c$ for $D_s^+$ and $D^{*+}$ mesons. The inclusive cross-sections for the four mesons, including charge-conjugate states, within the range of $1 < p_{\text{T}} < 8\, \text{GeV}/c$ are determined to be \begin{equation*} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^0 X) = 1190 \pm 3 \pm 64\,\mu\text{b} \end{equation*} \begin{equation*} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^+ X) = 456 \pm 3 \pm 34\,\mu\text{b} \end{equation*} \begin{equation*} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D_s^+ X) = 195 \pm 4 \pm 19\,\mu\text{b} \end{equation*} \begin{equation*} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^{*+} X)= 467 \pm 6 \pm 40\,\mu\text{b} \end{equation*} where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured using data from pp collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 5 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 8.60 ± 0.33 pb$^{−1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of D$^{0}$, D$^{+}$, D$_{s}^{+}$ , and D$^{∗+}$ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, p$_{T}$, and rapidity, y. They cover the rapidity range 2.0 < y < 4.5 and transverse momentum ranges 0 < p$_{T}$ < 10 GeV/c for D$^{0}$ and D$^{+}$ and 1 < p$_{T}$ < 10 GeV/c for D$_{s}^{+}$ and D$^{∗+}$ mesons. The inclusive cross-sections for the four mesons, including charge-conjugate states, within the range of 1 < p$_{T}$ < 8 GeV/c are determined to be $\begin{array}{l}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}^0X\right)=1004\pm 3\pm 54\mu \mathrm{b},\\ {}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}^{+}X\right)=402\pm 2\pm 30\mu \mathrm{b},\\ {}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}_s^{+}X\right)=170\pm 4\pm 16\mu \mathrm{b},\\ {}\sigma \left( pp\to {D}^{\ast +}X\right)=421\pm 5\pm 36\mu \mathrm{b},\end{array}$ where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively.Production cross-sections of prompt charm mesons are measured using data from $pp$ collisions at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of $5\,$TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of $8.60\pm0.33\,$pb$^{-1}$ collected by the LHCb experiment. The production cross-sections of $D^0$, $D^+$, $D_s^+$, and $D^{*+}$ mesons are measured in bins of charm meson transverse momentum, $p_{\text{T}}$, and rapidity, $y$. They cover the rapidity range $2.0<y<4.5$ and transverse momentum ranges $0 < p_{\text{T}} < 10\, \text{GeV}/c$ for $D^0$ and $D^+$ and $1 < p_{\text{T}} < 10\, \text{GeV}/c$ for $D_s^+$ and $D^{*+}$ mesons. The inclusive cross-sections for the four mesons, including charge-conjugate states, within the range of $1 < p_{\text{T}} < 8\, \text{GeV}/c$ are determined to be \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^0 X) = 1004 \pm 3 \pm 54\,\mu\text{b} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^+ X) = 402 \pm 2 \pm 30\,\mu\text{b} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D_s^+ X) = 170 \pm 4 \pm 16\,\mu\text{b} \sigma(pp\rightarrow D^{*+} X)= 421 \pm 5 \pm 36\,\mu\text{b} where the uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively

Um olhar sobre os Colegiados dos Territórios da Cidadania no Pará

No Brasil, as políticas territoriais e, em particular, os Territórios da Cidadania, representam inovações institucionais interessantes. A avaliação e o melhoramento delas necessitam de uma análise dos mecanismos diferenciados da ação pública, e suas consequências concretas sobre as formas de territórios resultantes. A partir do exemplo do estado do Pará, a relação entre a diversidade de dinâmicas territoriais e o funcionamento diferenciado dos colegiados dos Territórios da Cidadania é analisada, a partir do nível de participação, da eficiência deles como espaço de governança e da implementação de projetos de investimento. Os problemas específicos e os aspectos positivos dos colegiados são analisados e explicados. Perspectivas metodológicas e de desenvolvimentos são sugeridas para melhorar o programa