A concepção de pesquisa no cotidiano escolar : possibilidades de utilização da metodologia webquest na educação pela pesquisa

Orientadora: Glaucia da Silva BritoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação. Defesa: Curitiba, 2007Inclui bibliografiaÁrea de concentração: Cultura e processo de ensino-aprendizagemResumo: O presente estudo analisa as concepções de pesquisa que permeiam o trabalho de professores quando propõem atividades de pesquisa utilizando a WebQuest. Essa metodologia, proposta por DODGE (1995), visa organizar informações para facilitar a aprendizagem a partir de processos investigativos. O estudo buscou compreender os motivos que levam alguns professores a manifestar uma visão reducionista de pesquisa, tomada como mera cópia, síntese, reprodução ou repasse de conteúdos, sem que se reflita de forma crítica sobre a sua real importância na prática docente. A investigação foi realizada com doze professores de um colégio particular do município de Castro, no Estado do Paraná, localizado a aproximadamente 150 quilômetros de Curitiba. A abordagem metodológica utilizada foi a pesquisa-ação crítica, a partir da realização de dez encontros com sessões de leitura, discussões sobre os textos e atividades práticas em laboratório de informática. Ao final desses encontros foram feitas entrevistas semiestruturadas e a análise das WebQuests produzidas pelos professores que participaram deste estudo. Os dados mostraram que a concepção de pesquisa apresentou-se contraditória nos depoimentos dos entrevistados. Apesar de todos reconhecerem a importância da pesquisa no processo educativo, os depoimentos revelaram pontos incoerentes entre o conceito de pesquisa verbalizado em seus discursos e as suas ações práticas refletidas nas tarefas propostas nas WebQuests elaboradas. Os significados que emergem dos depoimentos dos professores sobre a pesquisa em sala de aula parecem demonstrar que, embora exista o interesse e a compreensão da importância da pesquisa para o processo educativo, existe uma grande dificuldade em viabilizar, na prática, ações que realmente reflitam o caráter emancipatório da pesquisa. O estudo mostrou, ainda, que a transformação na concepção de pesquisa foi fundamental para que os sujeitos conseguissem explorar níveis mais altos de domínios cognitivos (BLOOM et. al. 1972) em suas WebQuests. As propostas apresentadas após os estudos e debates promovidos durante os dez encontros possibilitaram aos docentes manifestar um avanço em sua prática, no que diz respeito à pesquisa utilizando a Internet como fonte de informações. A análise dos resultados permitiu, também, inferir que as tarefas propostas pelos professores em suas novas WebQuests tinham por princípio desafiar o aluno a ir além da cópia e do repasse de informações. Nelas, os alunos são lançados a explorar o conteúdo de forma verdadeiramente ativa, questionando, sugerindo, formulando hipóteses e principalmente produzindo e reconstruindo o seu próprio conhecimento com base no conteúdo inicialmente coletado.Abstract: This study presents an analysis of the concepts of research that permeate the work of teachers when proposing research activities through the use of WebQuest. This methodology, proposed by DODGE (1995), aims at organizing information in order to facilitate learning through investigative processes. The present study focuses at comprehending why some teachers reveal an oversimplified view regarding research, seeing it as a simple copy, synthesis, reproduction or sharing of contents, without a critical reflection about the real importance of research in the teaching practice. The investigation engaged 12 teachers from a private school in Castro, Paraná, approximately 150 km away from Curitiba. The methodology applied was the critical research-action, applied in ten meetings including reading sessions, discussion of texts and practical activities in computer science Labs. After these meetings, semi-structured interviews were carried out and the WebQuests produced by the teachers who took part of this study were analyzed. The resulting data showed a contradiction in the interviewees' answers regarding the concept of research. Despite the fact that all teachers recognize the importance of research in the educative process, their answers showed some inconsistent points in relation to their concept of research and the practical activities proposed for the WebQuests. The meanings that emerged from the teachers' answers related to the research in class suggest that, although there is interest and comprehension of the importance of research in the educative process, there is great difficulty putting into practice actions that really reflect the emancipating character of research. Moreover, the study reveals that the transformation in the concept of research has been essential for the subjects to be able to explore higher levels of cognitive domain (BLOOM et. al. 1972) in their WebQuests. The proposals presented after the studies and debates performed in the ten meetings enabled the teachers to reveal progress in their practice regarding research, using the Internet as a source of information. The analysis of the results also allowed inferring that the tasks proposed by the teachers in their new WebQuests have as a principle to challenge the students to go beyond copy or the simple transfer of information. In these tasks the students are challenged to explore the contents in a really active manner, questioning, suggesting, formulating hypothesis and mainly producing and reconstructing their own knowledge based on the initially collected content

Do Diabetic Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes Have a Higher Threshold for Ischemic Pain?

Background: Data from over 4 decades have reported a higher incidence of silent infarction among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), but recent publications have shown conflicting results regarding the correlation between DM and presence of pain in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Objective: Our primary objective was to analyze the association between DM and precordial pain at hospital arrival. Secondary analyses evaluated the association between hyperglycemia and precordial pain at presentation, and the subgroup of patients presenting within 6 hours of symptom onset. Methods: We analyzed a prospectively designed registry of 3,544 patients with ACS admitted to a Coronary Care Unit of a tertiary hospital. We developed multivariable models to adjust for potential confounders. Results: Patients with precordial pain were less likely to have DM (30.3%) than those without pain (34.0%; unadjusted p = 0.029), but this difference was not significant after multivariable adjustment, for the global population (p = 0.84), and for subset of patients that presented within 6 hours from symptom onset (p = 0.51). In contrast, precordial pain was more likely among patients with hyperglycemia (41.2% vs 37.0% without hyperglycemia, p = 0.035) in the overall population and also among those who presented within 6 hours (41.6% vs. 32.3%, p = 0.001). Adjusted models showed an independent association between hyperglycemia and pain at presentation, especially among patients who presented within 6 hours (OR = 1.41, p = 0.008). Conclusion: In this non-selected ACS population, there was no correlation between DM and hospital presentation without precordial pain. Moreover, hyperglycemia correlated significantly with pain at presentation, especially in the population that arrived within 6 hours from symptom onset

Ambientes Educacionais Colaborativos com Realidade Aumentada

A aprendizagem colaborativa presencial e remota vem sendo usada cada vez mais como uma abordagem educacional eficiente. A evolução tecnológica permite, atualmente, replicar e, até mesmo, amplificar características da comunicação interpessoal, mas o problema da manipulação remota de objetos continua sendo difícil de ser resolvido. No entanto, a Realidade Virtual e Realidade Aumentada permitem a manipulação de objetos virtuais de maneira parecida com as situações reais. Assim, este trabalho discute essas questões e apresenta soluções para a interação em ambientes colaborativos presenciais e remotos, usando recursos para a comunicação interpessoal (chat, áudio e vídeo-conferência) e Realidade Aumentada

Aplicação de Jogos Educacionais com Realidade Aumentada

O jogo é uma ótima ferramenta de aprendizagem, na medida em que propõe estímulo e interesse ao aluno. Porém, recursos de jogos são limitados devido à complexidade imposta por determinadas tarefas. Este artigo propõe uma série de jogos educacionais desenvolvidos em ambiente de Realidade Aumentada, possibilitando um maior realismo e interatividade, visando à melhoria do processo de aprendizagem do educando. É relatada uma experiência de aplicação de um destes jogos em sala de aula e seus resultados apontam para um cenário de aprendizado muito promissor

Prevalence and Progression of Ametropias in Medical Students

Background: Uncorrected refractive errors (Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism) are one of the main causes of poor vision, attributing to 43% of vision deficiencies. Myopia is the most common visual disorder in the world and can progress up until the age of 20-25, when many people are in university. The etiological factors that cause myopia are still unclear and deserve to be studied. Our aim was to identify the prevalence of ametropias and self-perception of ophthalmic health in medical students at the Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/FMABC. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with data collected at Centro Universitário Saúde ABC/FMABC from medical students. A total of 232 students participated in the survey, from the 1st to the 4th year of study. Data was obtained through a questionnaire, which evaluates ophthalmologic health, ametropia, and self-perception. Results: It was observed that 74.57% of the students had some type of ametropia, myopia being the most recurrent (59.05%). The study shows significant data of an increase in the grade of students from 1st to 4th grade throughout college. It was observed that the average daily study time of the students was 9.68 hours and abuse in the use of electronic devices. Conclusion: This study presented a high prevalence of ametropias among medical students at the Centro Universitário ABC/FMABC, in addition to a high prevalence of multifactorial myopia and an increased need to update their diopters (degrees) during the course of university

Cut Out Complications and Anisomelia of the Lower Limbs In Surgery With Valgus Reduction for Intertrochanteric Fractures

Background: The proximal fractures of the femur are counted among the group of orthopedic and traumatic pathologies which consume most of the financial resources set aside for health worldwide. Surgical treatment continues to be the treatment of choice for intertrochanteric fractures of the femur. However, although the surgical treatment of the proximal fracture of the femur is widely known and accepted in the orthopedic field, it is not without risk with the cut out being the most feared complication. Objective: This paper describes the complications of cut out or the anisomelia of the lower limbs of patients with intertrochanteric fractures who underwent valgus reduction surgery. Method: Sixty-one patients with 3rd and 4th degree, according to Tronzo classification, intertrochanteric fractures underwent surgery with the use of Dynamic hip screw type sliding screw and valgus reduction. The data were analyzed one year after surgery, when a functional assessment was made by scanometry, Tip-Apex Distance index diaphyseal cervical angle and the modified Merle d'Aubigné & Postel questionnaire. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were used for the statistical analysis, Spearman’s correlation test for the quantitative variables and the chi-squared test for the qualitative variables. Results: The correlation between the Tip-Apex Distance index and the diaphyseal cervical angle was statistically significant (rho=0.391, p=0.002), while the correlations between the Tip-Apex Distance index and the scanometry and the diaphyseal cervical angle and the scanometry were not significantly correlated. In accordance with the modified Merle d’Aubigné & Postel questionnaire, 23 patients (37.7%) achieved a very good result, 29 patients (47.5%) had a good result, five patients (8.2%) obtained a moderately good result, one patient (1.6%) presented a reasonable result and three patients (4.9%) obtained a poor result. Conclusion: No cut out complications occurred in the 3rd and 4th degree intertrochanteric fractures with a Baumgaertner index ≥ 25 mm, when the reduction and valgus fixation of the intertrochanteric fracture was performed with the Dynamic hip screw type sliding pin, as there was also, in the majority of patients, no anisomelia of the lower limbs

Realidade Virtual e Ferramentas Cognitivas Usadas como Auxílio para o Ensino de Física

Este artigo descreve um sistema computacional elaborado para ser ferramenta de ensino de Física do Ensino Médio, com uso de técnicas de Realidade Virtual. Por meio de estratégias psico pedagógicas, fundamentadas no paradigma de Mapas Conceituais, o sistema simula um laboratório virtual que permite ao estudante construir seu conhecimento através da criação e análise de experimentos físicos

Platelet function, coagulation and fibrinolysis in patients with previous coronary and cerebrovascular ischemic events

OBJECTIVES: Ischemic stroke (IS) or transient ischemic attack (TIA) history is present in 4-17% of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). This subgroup of patients is at high risk for both ischemic and bleeding events. The aim of this study was to determine the role of platelet aggregability, coagulation and endogenous fibrinolysis in patients with CAD and previous IS or TIA. METHODS: A prospective case-control study that included 140 stable CAD patients divided into two groups: the CASE group (those with a previous IS/TIA, n=70) and the CONTROL group (those without a previous IS/TIA, n=70). Platelet aggregability (VerifyNow Aspirins and VerifyNow P2Y12s), coagulation (fibrinogen and thromboelastography by Reoroxs) and endogenous fibrinolysis (D dimer and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) were evaluated. RESULTS: Patients in the CASE group presented significantly higher systolic blood pressure levels (135.84±16.09 vs 123.68±16.11, po0.01), significantly more previous CABG (25.71% vs 10%, p=0.015) and significantly higher calcium channel blocker usage (42.86% vs 24.29%, p=0.02) than those in the control group. In the adjusted models, low triglyceride values, low hemoglobin values and higher systolic blood pressure were significantly associated with previous IS/TIA (CASE group). Most importantly, platelet aggregability, coagulation and fibrinolysis tests were not independently associated with previous cerebrovascular ischemic events (CASE group). CONCLUSION: Platelet aggregability, coagulation and endogenous fibrinolysis showed similar results among CAD patients with and without previous IS/TIA. Therefore, it remains necessary to identify other targets to explain the higher bleeding risk presented by these patients

In Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction, the Impact of Hyperglycemia as a Risk Factor for Mortality Is Not Homogeneous Across Age-Groups

OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of hyperglycemia in different age-groups of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AM I). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2,027 patients with AMI were categorized into one of five age-groups: <50 years (n = 301), >= 50 and <60 (n = 477),>= 60 and <70 (n = 545), >= 70 and <80 (n = 495), and years (n = 209). Hyperglycemia was defined as initial glucose >= 115 mg/dL. RESULTS The adjusted odds ratios for hyperglycemia predicting hospital mortality in groups 1-5 were, respectively, 7.57 (P = 0.004), 3.21 (P 0.046), 3.50 (P = 0.003), 3.20 (P < 0.001.), and 2.16 (P = 0.021). The adjusted P values for correlation between glucose level (as a continuous variable) and mortality were 0.007, <0.001, 0.043, <0.001, and 0.064. The areas under the ROC curves (AUCs) were 0.785, 0.709, 0.657, 0.648, and 0.613. The AUC in group 1 was significantly higher than those in groups 3-5. CONCLUSIONS The impact of hyperglycemia as a risk factor for hospital mortality in AMI is more pronounced in younger patients