Satellite retrieval system

A satellite retrieval system with first and second pairs of coacting parallel bars are separately mounted in spaced parallel planes on the front of a spacecraft. The bars of one pair are at right angles to bars of the other pair, and together the two pairs of bars effect a variable aperture adapted to close around a rod extending from a second spacecraft to effect the capture of the latter

Evaluation of the metabolic cost of locomotion in an Apollo space suit

Evaluation of metabolic cost of locomotion in Apollo space sui

Observations on lunar gravity simulation

Physiological factors in astronaut performance in simulated lunar gravit

Five-year financial analysis of two commercial farms converting to organic: 2000-2005

The financial performance including input and output costs were analysed for two commercial Scottish farms converting to organic production. A comparative analysis for a five year period is provided using data from the Scottish Farm Accounts scheme, and demonstrates that both conversions had positive financial outcomes. Both farms applied strategic changes to their businesses

Development of concepts for satellite retrieval devices

The teleoperator being developed to augment the Space Transportation System (STS) for satellite placement, retrieval, or servicing at altitudes or orbital planes where it would be impractical to use the shuttle is primarily a general purpose propulsion stage that can be fitted with manipulator arms, automated servicers and satellite retrieval devices for particular missions. Design concepts for a general purpose retrieval device for docking with a satellite to which a grappling fixture has been attached, and for a retrieval device for docking with the Solar Maximum Mission (SMM) spacecraft were defined. The mechanical aspects of these two devices are discussed as well as the crew operations involved and problems created by the requirement for remote control. Drawings for the two retrieval device concepts are included

Structural attachments for large space structures

The feasibility of fabricating beams in space and using them as components of a large, crew assembled structure, was investigated. Two projects were undertaken: (1) design and development of a ground version of an automated beam builder capable of producing triangular cross section aluminum beams; and (2) design and fabrication of lap joints to connect the beams orthogonally and centroidal end caps to connect beams end to end at any desired angle. The first project produced a beam building machine which fabricates aluminum beams suitable for neutral buoyancy evaluation. The second project produced concepts for the lap joint and end cap. However, neither of these joint concepts was suitable for use by a pressure suited crew member in a zero gravity environment. It is concluded that before the beams can be evaluated the joint designs need to be completed and sufficient joints produced to allow assembly of a complex structure

The psychology of musical appreciation: an analysis of the bases and nature of the experience of listening to music

1) The aesthetic response to music is the purest and highest kind of musical appreciation, 2) In aesthetic listening the subject is absorbed in the music qua. music, identifying himself with the developing system of musical relationships, 3) Musical absorption tends to inhibit extra-musical experience. 4) Absorption or self-individuation in the music depends on the degree to which the musical system is grasped and followed. 5) Thus aesthetic listening has an intellectual basis. The subject grasps. follows and understands the relationships as regards pitch , rhythm and the dynamic qualities . He may know these only intuitively, 6) Progress from the lower levels of musical experience to the highest depends on the subject's musical receptivity and taste, and on how far these have been developed by training and/or experience, 7) Musical meaning is only definable in musical terms; and can only be understood by the subject who grasps the music as an organic whole. 8) The associative feature s of music cannot be entirely discounted i n musical listening. At the highest level their effect is at a minimum. 9) The emotional element i n aesthetic listening is bound up with the intellectual grasp of the musical system. Extra -musical emotion may be aroused by extra-musical factors, either objectively present (e.g. a programme) or subjectively supplied. In aesthetic absorption such emotion, tends to be inhibited, 10) Aesthetic emotion results from the subjective apprehension of a unique and significant musical whole, possessing beauty and value in the light of the subject's musical background, 11) Aesthetic listening has no practical value, but conation enters the experience. Underlying interest in the music for itself is a certain exaltation due to self-individuation, the power to predict, and the unconscious feeling of creatorship, 12) Musical experience is not apparently vital to all types; but musical aesthetic enjoyment enriches the life and the capacity to experience of the individual

Probabilistic models of information retrieval based on measuring the divergence from randomness

We introduce and create a framework for deriving probabilistic models of Information Retrieval. The models are nonparametric models of IR obtained in the language model approach. We derive term-weighting models by measuring the divergence of the actual term distribution from that obtained under a random process. Among the random processes we study the binomial distribution and Bose--Einstein statistics. We define two types of term frequency normalization for tuning term weights in the document--query matching process. The first normalization assumes that documents have the same length and measures the information gain with the observed term once it has been accepted as a good descriptor of the observed document. The second normalization is related to the document length and to other statistics. These two normalization methods are applied to the basic models in succession to obtain weighting formulae. Results show that our framework produces different nonparametric models forming baseline alternatives to the standard tf-idf model

A review of modular strategies and architecture within manufacturing operations

This paper reviews existing modularity and modularization literature within manufacturing operations. Its purpose is to examine the tools, techniques, and concepts relating to modular production, to draw together key issues currently dominating the literature, to assess managerial implications associated with the emerging modular paradigm, and to present an agenda for future research directions. The review is based on journal papers included in the ABI/Inform electronic database and other noteworthy research published as part of significant research programmes. The research methodology concerns reviewing existing literature to identify key modular concepts, to determine modular developments, and to present a review of significant contributions to the field. The findings indicate that the modular paradigm is being adopted in a number of manufacturing organizations. As a result a range of conceptual tools, techniques, and frameworks has emerged and the field of modular enquiry is in the process of codifying the modular lexicon and developing appropriate modular strategies commensurate with the needs of manufacturers. Modular strategies and modular architecture were identified as two key issues currently dominating the modular landscape. Based on this review, the present authors suggest that future research areas need to focus on the development and subsequent standardization of interface protocols, cross-brand module use, supply chain power, transparency, and trust. This is the first review of the modular landscape and as such provides insights into, first, the development of modularization and, second, issues relating to designing modular products and modular supply chains

SU(1,1)SU(1,1) and SU(2)SU(2) Perelomov number coherent states: algebraic approach for general systems

We study some properties of the $SU(1,1)$ Perelomov number coherent states. The Schr\"odinger's uncertainty relationship is evaluated for a position and momentum-like operators (constructed from the Lie algebra generators) in these number coherent states. It is shown that this relationship is minimized for the standard coherent states. We obtain the time evolution of the number coherent states by supposing that the Hamiltonian is proportional to the third generator $K_0$ of the $su(1,1)$ Lie algebra. Analogous results for the $SU(2)$ Perelomov number coherent states are found. As examples, we compute the Perelomov coherent states for the pseudoharmonic oscillator and the two-dimensional isotropic harmonic oscillator