Continuing Education On Qualitative Risk Assessment: Improving The Understanding Of Risk

Despite a common agreement that environmental and occupational health & safety professionals must learn about risk early in formal education, such matters still remain underrepresented in most education programs. This paper describes the development and use of an instructional material aimed at exploring and improving health & safety professionals’ understanding on what risk really means, and on what is needed to its technical assessment. After reading a text depicting the technical and contextual aspects of unintended technological accidents, participants were asked to rank such events regarding its risk. Next, they had to explain what criteria they adopted, and also to compare their results with reference values, discussing the differences. Participants’ statements were collected and compiled. The ensuing discussion involved the resignification of the ideas raised by them, introducing the scientific meaning into a technical context. The proposed practice presented consistent results becoming an alternative resource to teach risk in a way participants share opinions based on their previous knowledge and begin to deal with the idea of evaluating risks in a scientifically reasoned basis

Crescimento e qualidade química de frutos de Mangueira kent sob secamento parcial de raiz.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade de frutos da mangueira ?Kent? sob secamento parcial de raiz (PRD) em condições do semiárido baiano. O estudo foi conduzido na área experimental em 0,48 ha da fazenda Boa Vista, no município de Iaçu, BA entre agosto e novembro de 2009 com 144 plantas. Os tratamentos com PRD foram baseados no percentual da lâmina bruta aplicada (LBA) pela fazenda, estimada pela evapotranspiração da cultura para irrigação localizada (ETc). O gotejamento foi o sistema de irrigação utilizado, com duas linhas laterais por fileira de plantas, entretanto, para a aplicação do PRD foi utilizada uma linha alternadamente com três emissores. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições, sendo oito tratamentos: T1, T2 e T3 (PRD 50% com alternância aos 7, 14 e 21 dias); T4, T5 e T6 (100% na fase de floração e 50% nas fases frutificação e estabilidade de frutos, com mesma ordem de alternância); T7 (50% fixo) e T8-testemunha (100% da LBA nos dois lados). Foram avaliados parâmetros físicos (taxa de pegamento e crescimento dos frutos) que não sofreram influência do PRD e químicos (sólidos solúveis e acidez total) que sob lâminas menores tiveram aumentos significantes

Variação de carboidratos em folhas da videira Itália submetida a diferentes de níveis de desfolhas.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a variação de carboidratos, proteínas e aminoácidos livres em folhas da videira na cv. Itália submetida a diferentes de níveis de desfolhas em diferentes fases fenológica. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 (5, 10, 15 e 20 folhas deixadas no ramo de produção) x 4 (fases fenológicas aos 60, 72, 84 e 106 dias após a poda) e três repetições. Foram selecionadas as folhas mais expostas à luz solar, totalmente expandidas, opostas ao cacho, sem sinais de senescência e sadias, para as medidas indiretas de clorofila (Índice clorofila) em valor SPAD utilizando-se medidor portátil de clorofila SPAD-502. As folhas foram submetidas às análises quantitativas de proteínas, aminoácidos, amido, açúcares totais, açúcares redutores e sacarose. O teor de amido foi alto na fase inicial de amolecimento de bagas e com 15 folhas deixadas no ramo de produção e baixo no início da fase de maturação de frutos. A quantidade de 15 folhas deixadas nos ramos de produção em plantas de videira cv. Itália é a mais recomendada, pois essas plantas apresentaram maior eficiência, tanto no transporte como no acúmulo de reserva e este acúmulo foi influenciado pela fase fenológica da videira

Comparison Of Bone Quantity By Ultrasound Measurements Of Phalanges Between White And Black Children Living In Paraná,brazil, With Europeans

The objective of this study was to determine bone quantity by ultrasound measurements of the proximal fnger phalanges (AD-SoS = amplitude-dependent speed of sound) of healthy Brazilian schoolchildren living in Paraná, Brazil, and to compare these values with European populations. The sample was composed of 1356 Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders (660 males, 696 females), aged 6 to 11 years, divided into white (840) and black (516) groups and compared to age- and gender-matched Europeans. AD-SoS of the schoolchildren increased significantly with age for both genders. Significantly higher AD-SoS values were observed for the white children (1916 ± 58) compared to their black counterparts (1898 ± 72) and for the female gender (1920 ± 61) compared to the male gender (1898 ± 66). Overall, the AD-SoS outcomes for females were similar to those of European studies. However, the AD-SoS of the Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors was lower than that reported for children in Poland. AD-SoS outcomes for Brazilian schoolboys were similar to those obtained in Italian studies and were lower than those of the Spanish children. In conclusion, Brazilian schoolchildren of both genders and skin colors showed lower bone quantities than Polish children and Spanish males, and levels similar to Italian children and Spanish females.4310976981Mora, S., Gilsanz, V., Establishment of peak bone mass (2003) En-docrinol Metab Clin North Am, 32, pp. 39-63Silva, C.C., Goldberg, T.B., Teixeira, A.S., Dalmas, J.C., Bone mineralization among male adolescents: Critical years for bone mass gain (2004) J Pediatr, 80, pp. 461-467Habicht, J.P., Martorell, R., Yarbrough, C., Malina, R.M., Klein, R.E., Height and weight standards for preschool children. How relevant are ethnic differences in growth potential? (1974) Lancet, 1, pp. 611-614WHO Working Group (1986) Bull World Health Organ, 64, pp. 929-941. , Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutri-tional statusCauley, J.A., Lui, L.Y., Stone, K.L., Hillier, T.A., Zmuda, J.M., Hochberg, M., Longitudinal study of changes in hip bone mineral density in Caucasian and African-American women (2005) J Am Geriatr Soc, 53, pp. 183-189Neuner, J.M., Zhang, X., Sparapani, R., Laud, P.W., Nattinger, A.B., Racial and socioeconomic disparities in bone density testing before and after hip fracture (2007) J Gen Intern Med, 22, pp. 1239-1245Leder, B.Z., Araujo, A.B., Travison, T.G., McKinlay, J.B., Racial and ethnic differences in bone turnover markers in men (2007) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 92, pp. 3453-3457Travison, T.G., Araujo, A.B., Esche, G.R., McKinlay, J.B., The relationship between body composition and bone mineral content: Threshold effects in a racially and ethnically diverse group of men (2008) Osteoporos Int, 19, pp. 29-38Travison, T.G., Beck, T.J., Esche, G.R., Araujo, A.B., McKinlay, J.B., Age trends in proximal femur geometry in men: Variation by race and ethnicity (2008) Osteoporos Int, 19, pp. 277-287Hill, D.D., Cauley, J.A., Sheu, Y., Bunker, C.H., Patrick, A.L., Baker, C.E., Correlates of bone mineral density in men of African ancestry: The Tobago bone health study (2008) Osteoporos Int, 19, pp. 227-234INEP (Instituto Nacional de Estudos e Pesquisas Edu-cacionais Anísio Teixeira) Mostre Sua Raça, , http://inep.gov.br/imprensa/noticias/censo/escolar/news05_05.htm, declare sua cor, Accessed July 26, 2010Ribeiro, R.R., Guerra-Junior, G., de Barros-Filho, A., Bone mass in schoolchildren in Brazil: The effect of racial miscegenation, pubertal stage, and socioeconomic differences (2009) J Bone Miner Metab, 27, pp. 494-501Baroncelli, G.I., Federico, G., Bertelloni, S., de Terlizzi, F., Cadossi, R., Saggese, G., Bone quality assessment by quantitative ultrasound of proximal phalanxes of the hand in healthy subjects aged 3-21 years (2001) Pediatr Res, 49, pp. 713-718Gimeno, B.J., Azcona San Julián, C., Sierrasesúmaga Ariznabarreta, L., Bone mineral density determination by os-teosonography in healthy children and adolescents: Normal values (2001) An Esp Pediatr, 54, pp. 540-546Vignolo, M., Brignone, A., Mascagni, A., Ravera, G., Biasotti, B., Aicardi, G., Infuence of age, sex, and growth variables on phalangeal quantitative ultrasound measures: A study in healthy children and adolescents (2003) Calcif Tissue Int, 72, pp. 681-688Vignolo, M., Parodi, A., Mascagni, A., Torrisi, C., de Terlizzi, F., Aicardi, G., Longitudinal assessment of bone quality by quantitative ultrasonography in children and adolescents (2006) Ultrasound Med Biol, 32, pp. 1003-1010Halaba, Z.P., Quantitative ultrasound measurements at hand phalanges in children and adolescents: A longitudinal study (2008) Ultrasound Med Biol, 34, pp. 1547-1553Pena, S.D.J., Bortolini, M.C., Pode a genética defnir quem deve se benefciar das cotas universitárias e demais ações afr- mativas? (2004) Estud Av, 18, pp. 31-50Pena, S.D.J., Bastos-Rodrigues, L., Pimenta, J.R., Bydlowski, S.P., DNA tests probe the genomic ancestry of Brazilians (2009) Braz J Med Biol Res, 42, pp. 870-876Telles, E., (2003) Racismo À Brasileira: Uma Nova Perspectiva Soci-ológica, , Rio De Janeiro: Relume Dumará, Fundação FordOliveira, F., Ser negro no Brasil: Alcances e limites (2004) Estud Av, 18, pp. 57-60Gilsanz, V., Skaggs, D.L., Kovanlikaya, A., Sayre, J., Loro, M.L., Kaufman, F., Differential effect of race on the axial and appendicular skeletons of children (1998) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 83, pp. 1420-1427Nelson, D.A., Simpson, P.M., Johnson, C.C., Barondess, D.A., Kleerekoper, M., The accumulation of whole body skeletal mass in third- and fourth-grade children: Effects of age, gender, ethnicity, and body composition (1997) Bone, 20, pp. 73-78Bell, N.H., Shary, J., Stevens, J., Garza, M., Gordon, L., Edwards, J., Demonstration that bone mass is greater in black than in white children (1991) J Bone Miner Res, 6, pp. 719-723Rupich, R.C., Specker, B.L., Lieuw, A.F., Ho, M., Gender and race differences in bone mass during infancy (1996) Calcif Tissue Int, 58, pp. 395-397Abrams, S.A., O'Brien, K.O., Liang, L.K., Stuff, J.E., Differences in calcium absorption and kinetics between black and white girls aged 5-16 years (1995) J Bone Miner Res, 10, pp. 829-833Bryant, R.J., Wastney, M.E., Martin, B.R., Wood, O., McCabe, G.P., Morshidi, M., Racial differences in bone turnover and calcium metabolism in adolescent females (2003) J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 88, pp. 1043-1047Jaime, P.C., Latorre, M.R., Florindo, A.A., Tanaka, T., Zerbini, C.A., Dietary intake of Brazilian black and white men and its relationship to the bone mineral density of the femoral neck (2006) São Paulo Med J, 124, pp. 267-270Bhattoa, H.P., Bettembuk, P., Ganacharya, S., Balogh, A., Prevalence and seasonal variation of hypovitaminosis D and its relationship to bone metabolism in community dwelling postmenopausal Hungarian women (2004) Osteoporos Int, 15, pp. 447-451Wuster, C., Albanese, C., de Aloysio, D., Duboeuf, F., Gambac-Ciani, M., Gonnelli, S., Phalangeal osteosonogrammetry study: Age-related changes, diagnostic sensitivity, and discrimination power (2000) J Bone Miner Res, 15, pp. 1603-1614. , The Phalangeal Osteosonogrammetry Study Grou

Análise da acurácia das simulações do modelo BRAMS na Amazônia Ocidental.

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o modelo de previsão numérica do tempo BRAMS (Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modelling System), a partir da comparação entre os valores preditos e os observados (dados do NCEP (National Center Environmental Prediction). Foram realizadas comparações entre os valores preditos e os observados através da raiz do erro quadrático médio (RMSE) para os prognósticos de precipitação de 24, 48, 72 e 96 hs, no período de novembro de 2008 a março de 2009. Os resultados mostraram que o modelo BRAMS teve uma performance melhor quando assimilado com dados do modelo global do NCEP

Short-Term Herbage Intake Rate in Temperate Pastures Grasses Grown in Pure or in Intercropping Stands

Oat and ryegrass pastures grown in intercropping systems are the most common forages used during the fall and winter in subtropical and in some temperate climate regions. Nevertheless, it must be taken into account that the way in which the different species of plants are presented to the animals may lead to consequences for the efficiency of the grazing process (Prache and Damasceno 2006). Moreover, in hetero-geneous environments, animals may reduce intake rate due to a partial preference for a specific species (Gonçalves et al. 2009). Regarding the pasture development stage, it is known that the decrease of the leaf/stem ratio causes the animal to reduce the instantaneous herbage intake rate due to the reduction of the bite depth because of the physical barrier imposed by the stem (Benvenutti et al. 2006; Drescher et al. 2006) and/or the search for a higher food quality, in this case, leaf lamina (Soder et al. 2009). However, the dynamics of changes in temperate sward structures grown in pure stands compared to inter-cropping systems and its consequence in heifers\u27 short-term herbage intake rate (STHIR) are scarce. The objective of this work was to assess the changes in the STHIR in pastures of oat, ryegrass and their intercrop during the growing season. The hypothesis tested was that cattle reduce the STHIR in intercropping pastures compared to pure stands, and as the grazing season progress