(Karakterisasi Listeria monocytogenes yang Diisolasi dari Pabrik Makanan Segar

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram positive rod-shape bacteria. Other foodborne pathogens, mostly, may cause typical symptoms of gastroenteritis. Unlike these microorganisms, Listeria monocytogenes infection may result in more serious symptoms, usually take in the form of meningitis or septicaemia. People with vulnerable immune system are in a bigger risk of being exposed. Furthermore, the bacterium is also severer than any other bacteria found in the food, with more resistant to heat, drying, or salty environment. This research was purposed to identify and characterize a sample named LM 25722248, which was isolated from fresh food factory in a city of United Kingdom. The isolate was characterized as a Gram positive bacterium, showed tumbling motility, and gave positive result for catalase test and haemolysin assay. Moreover, benefiting from molecular technology, it was possible to reveal that the isolate was Listeria monocytogenes.Listeria monocytogenes adalah bakteri Gram positif berbentuk batang. Patogen penyebab penyakit yang dibawa oleh makanan umumnya menimbulkan gejala khas gatroenteritis. Hal ini berbeda dengan Listeria monocytogenes yang dapat menyebabkan gejala yang lebih serius seperti meningitis atau septikemia. Dengan demikian orang yang memiliki sistem imun lemah akan lebih rentan terpapar cemaran bakteri tersebut. Listeria monocytogenes juga lebih sulit dihilangkan dibanding bakteri lain yang ditemukan dalam makanan, karena lebih resisten terhadap pemanasan, pengeringan, atau lingkungan yang mengandung garam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan identifikasi dan karakterisasi sampel bakteri yang diisolasi dari pabrik makanan segar yang berlokasi di salah satu kota di United Kingdom. Dengan metode biokimia, sampel yang disebut dengan LM 25722248 tersebut merupakan bakteri Gram positif, bersifat motil (tumbling motility), dan memberikan hasil positif terhadap uji katalase dan uji hemolisin. Lebih jauh lagi, dengan memanfaatkan teknologi molekuler maka dapat dinyatakan bahwa isolat LM 25722248 adalah Listeria monocytogenes

Exploring environmental factors in nursing workplaces that promote psychological resilience : constructing a unified theoretical model

Building nurses’ resilience to complex and stressful practice environments is necessary to keep skilled nurses in the workplace and ensuring safe patient care. A unified theoretical framework titled Health Services Workplace Environmental Resilience Model (HSWERM), is presented to explain the environmental factors in the workplace that promote nurses’ resilience. The framework builds on a previously-published theoretical model of individual resilience, which identified the key constructs of psychological resilience as self-efficacy, coping and mindfulness, but did not examine environmental factors in the workplace that promote nurses’ resilience. This unified theoretical framework was developed using a literary synthesis drawing on data from international studies and literature reviews on the nursing workforce in hospitals. The most frequent workplace environmental factors were identified, extracted and clustered in alignment with key constructs for psychological resilience. Six major organizational concepts emerged that related to a positive resilience-building workplace and formed the foundation of the theoretical model. Three concepts related to nursing staff support (professional, practice, personal) and three related to nursing staff development (professional, practice, personal) within the workplace environment. The unified theoretical model incorporates these concepts within the workplace context, linking to the nurse, and then impacting on personal resilience and workplace outcomes, and its use has the potential to increase staff retention and quality of patient care

Building resilience among rural and remote nurses in Queensland, Australia

Aim This study evaluated a workplace resilience intervention involving registered nurses working in rural and remote settings in Queensland, Australia. Background The nature of nursing work provides a range of challenges to the psychological well-being of nurses. To address these challenges, research in the area of building resilience to enhance psychological well-being among nurses is growing rapidly, although few studies have investigated these phenomena in rural and remote settings. Design/methods The study implemented and evaluated a Mindfulness Self-Care and Resiliency (MSCR) program delivered to registered nurses (N = 32) working in rural or remote locations, to enhance workplace resilience. Registered nurses who attended the program were invited to evaluate the program via a semi-structured telephone interview. Results/findings Qualitative analysis showed that most nurses found the MSCR program valuable and relevant in terms of learning new knowledge and skills to help build resilience to stress in the workplace. Conclusion The MSCR intervention was received positively by the registered nurses who participated and may have broader application across the rural healthcare sector

Rare Copy Number Variants in \u3cem\u3eNRXN1\u3c/em\u3e and \u3cem\u3eCNTN6\u3c/em\u3e Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare (\u3c 1% frequency) copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarray data. We observed an enrichment of global CNV burden that was prominent for large (\u3e 1 Mb), singleton events (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.39–3.79], p = 1.2 × 10−3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR = 3.03 [1.85–5.07], p = 1.5 × 10−5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR = 20.3, 95% CI [2.6–156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR = 10.1, 95% CI [2.3–45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS

Evaluating the impact of the Future Healthcare Practitioner Plus Programme (FHPPP) award on student engagement and employability

Interprofessional learning (IPL) is firmly embedded in pre-registration health education curricula (WHO, 2010; Frenk, 2010; Barr &amp; Low, 2012). Evidence, however, indicates that students are disengaged with IPL (Forte &amp; Fowler, 2009). An employability-related Future Healthcare Practitioner Plus Programme (FHPPP) award was designed to reward engagement and performance within IPL. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the FHPPP award on student engagement and identify the perceived benefits of the award from student and employer perspectives. Qualitative data was collected from both students and employers using surveys and focus groups and thematic analysis was performed (Braun &amp; Clarke, 2006). Findings indicated that IPL is broadly viewed as beneficial and ‘essential’ within healthcare education programmes by both students and employers, with recommendations made to help improve relevance. Overall, awareness of the award was poor and more work is needed to improve perceived benefits of IPL and to increase student and employer awareness. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 . </jats:p

Toxicogenomics of nevirapine-associated cutaneous and hepatic adverse events among populations of African, Asian, and European descent

OBJECTIVE Nevirapine is widely prescribed for HIV-1 infection. We characterized relationships between nevirapine-associated cutaneous and hepatic adverse events and genetic variants among HIV-infected adults. DESIGN We retrospectively identified cases and controls. Cases experienced symptomatic nevirapine-associated severe (grade III/IV) cutaneous and/or hepatic adverse events within 8 weeks of initiating nevirapine. Controls did not experience adverse events during more than 18 weeks of nevirapine therapy. METHODS Cases and controls were matched 1: 2 on baseline CD4 T-cell count, sex, and race. Individuals with 150 or less CD4 T cells/μl at baseline were excluded. We characterized 123 human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and 2744 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and drug metabolism and transport genes. RESULTS We studied 276 evaluable cases (175 cutaneous adverse events, 101 hepatic adverse events) and 587 controls. Cutaneous adverse events were associated with CYP2B6 516G→T (OR 1.66, all), HLA-Cw*04 (OR 2.51, all), and HLA-B*35 (OR 3.47, Asians; 5.65, Thais). Risk for cutaneous adverse events was particularly high among Blacks with CYP2B6 516TT and HLA-Cw*04 (OR 18.90) and Asians with HLA-B*35 and HLA-Cw*04 (OR 18.34). Hepatic adverse events were associated with HLA-DRB*01 (OR 3.02, Whites), but not CYP2B6 genotypes. Associations differed by population, at least in part reflecting allele frequencies. CONCLUSION Among patients with at least 150 CD4 T cells/μl, polymorphisms in drug metabolism and immune response pathways were associated with greater likelihood of risk for nevirapine-related adverse events. Results suggest fundamentally different mechanisms of adverse events: cutaneous, most likely MHC class I-mediated, influenced by nevirapine CYP2B6 metabolism; hepatic, most likely MHC class II-mediated and unaffected by such metabolism. These risk variants are insensitive for routine clinical screening

Rare Copy Number Variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare (&lt; 1% frequency) copy-number variants (CNVs) using SNP microarray data. We observed an enrichment of global CNV burden that was prominent for large (&gt; 1 Mb), singleton events (OR&nbsp;= 2.28, 95% CI [1.39-3.79], p&nbsp;= 1.2&nbsp;× 10-3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR&nbsp;= 3.03 [1.85-5.07], p&nbsp;= 1.5&nbsp;× 10-5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR&nbsp;= 20.3, 95% CI [2.6-156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR&nbsp;= 10.1, 95% CI [2.3-45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS

Rare Copy Number Variants in NRXN1 and CNTN6 Increase Risk for Tourette Syndrome

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a model neuropsychiatric disorder thought to arise from abnormal development and/or maintenance of cortico-striato-thalamo-cortical circuits. TS is highly heritable, but its underlying genetic causes are still elusive, and no genome-wide significant loci have been discovered to date. We analyzed a European ancestry sample of 2,434 TS cases and 4,093 ancestry-matched controls for rare ( 1 Mb), singleton events (OR = 2.28, 95% CI [1.39-3.79], p = 1.2 x 10-3) and known, pathogenic CNVs (OR = 3.03 [1.85-5.07], p = 1.5 x 10-5). We also identified two individual, genome-wide significant loci, each conferring a substantial increase in TS risk (NRXN1 deletions, OR = 20.3, 95% CI [2.6-156.2]; CNTN6 duplications, OR = 10.1, 95% CI [2.3-45.4]). Approximately 1% of TS cases carry one of these CNVs, indicating that rare structural variation contributes significantly to the genetic architecture of TS