Brazil's remote sensing activities in the Eighties

Most of the remote sensing activities in Brazil have been conducted by the Institute for Space Research (INPE). This report describes briefly INPE's activities in remote sensing in the last years. INPE has been engaged in research (e.g., radiance studies), development (e.g., CCD-scanners, image processing devices) and applications (e.g., crop survey, land use, mineral resources, etc.) of remote sensing. INPE is also responsible for the operation (data reception and processing) of the LANDSATs and meteorological satellites. Data acquisition activities include the development of CCD-Camera to be deployed on board the space shuttle and the construction of a remote sensing satellite

Ertrag und Wurzelkolonisation mit arbuskulären Mykorrhiza- Pilzen von organisch oder mineralisch gedüngtem Weizen auf trockenem, sandigen Boden

We investigated wheat yield and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal root colonization and spore formation in response to fertilization, either with high or low amounts of mineral fertilizer or cattle manure since 27 years. At low rates there was no difference in yield between minerally and organically fertilized plants. High rates of mineral fertilizers reduced yields. Reasons can be that either the high nitrogen availability was less effectively used for grain development of minerally fertilized plants, or the mineral fertilization rendered the plants more sensitive towards drought stress. The extent of AM fungal root colonization appeared to depend on the plant P nutritional status rather than the type of fertilizer applied. The lower fertilization showed higher rates of AM root colonization. The number of AM spores, however, was higher in organically compared with minerally fertilized soil, indicating that organic fertilization increased reproduction of these beneficial microbes under dry soil conditions

Yield and arbuscular myccorhiza fungal root colonization of organically or minerally fertilized wheat grown on a dry, sandy soil

We investigated wheat yield and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungal root colonization and spore formation in response to long-term mineral or organic soil fertilization. Plots were either fertilized with high or low amounts of mineral fertilizer or cattle manure since 27 years. At low fertilization levels there was no difference in yield between minerally and organically fertilized plants. High levels of mineral fertilizer application reduced wheat yields. Probable reasons can be that either the high nitrogen availability was less effectively used for grain development of minerally fertilized plants, or the mineral fertilization rendered the plants more sensitive towards drought stress. The extent of AM fungal root colonization appeared to depend on the plant P nutritional status rather than the type of fertilizer applied. The low fertilization treatments showed higher rates of AM root colonization. The number of AM spores, however, was higher in organically compared with minerally fertilized soil, indicating that organic fertilization increased reproduction of these beneficial microbes under dry soil conditions

Monitoramento de doenças do sorgo no Rio Grande do Sul, em três safras agrícolas.

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Der Vorteil von Stallmist gegenüber pflanzlichem organischem Dünger für den Ertrag von Rotklee und den Humusgehalt des Bodens

Die Wirkung pflanzlicher organischer Dünger (meist Leguminosenschrot) wurde bislang vorwiegend im Jahr der Anwendung, aber nicht als Langzeiteffekt auf Erträge und Bodenentwicklung untersucht. Ein direkter Vergleich mit Stallmist unter Feldbedingungen findet in der Regel nicht statt. Deshalb haben wir in einem Langzeitversuch (seit 1996) Stallmistdüngung, organische Dünger pflanzlicher Herkunft (meist Ackerbohnenschrot) und Mineraldüngung miteinander verglichen. In allen drei Schnitten brachte die Nachwirkung der pflanzlichen Dünger niedrigere Frisch- und Trockenmasse-Erträge als die N-gleichen Stallmistvarianten. Der Ertrag nach Mineraldüngung lag zwischen den beiden anderen Düngerarten, kam aber der Mistvariante meist näher als der Ackerbohnenvariante. Den insgesamt höchsten Ertrag lieferte Rotklee nach Stallmist in höherer Aufwandmenge. Die gleiche Differenzierung zeigten zuvor schon die Humusgehalte. Auch hier lag die pflanzliche organische Düngung mit 0,74 % Corg statistisch auf dem Niveau der Mineraldüngung

Ocorrência de fungos em sementes de sorgo, milho, soja e trigo.

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Ferrugem da soja: prevenção através de cultivares resistentes.

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Introdução e desenvolvimento da agricultura sustentável na restinga da Lagoa Mirim.

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Prevention of nasal trauma due to CPAP in a preterm newborn: case report

The administration of continuous positive airway pressure through nasal CPAP has been used in the treatment of neonatal respiratory diseases as a means of providing ventilatory support to preterm infants, producing adequate gas exchange, decreasing the complications induced by invasive mechanical ventilation and reducing bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The nasal prong is the most common device used to connect to the airways with the purpose of providing mechanical ventilation. Nasal prongs are available in different sizes and made of lightweight and flexible material. Despite its advantages, this device can cause trauma to the nose causing nasal discomfort and disfigurement. We report the case of an extremely low birth weight preterm who used a system of nasal CPAP developed by the nurses of the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of the HCPA to protect the skin, mucosa, and nasal septum. Protection was successful

Culturas alternativas em sistema de camalhão de base larga na região costeira do Rio Grande do Sul.

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