1,100 research outputs found
Interacting color strings as the origin of the liquid behavior of the quark-gluon plasma
We study the radial distribution function of the color sources (strings) formed in hadronic collisions and
the requirements to obtain a liquid. As a repulsive interaction is needed, we incorporate a concentric core in
the strings as well as the probability that a string allows core-core overlaps. We find systems where the
difference between the gas-liquid and confined-deconfined phase transition temperatures is small. This
explains the experimentally observed liquid behavior of the quark-gluon plasma above the confineddeconfined
transition temperature.J. E. R. acknowledges financial support from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂa (postdoctoral fellowship Grant No. 289198). B. D. was partially supported by a DGAPA-UNAM postdoctoral fellowship and acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Unionâs Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. C. P.
has received financial support from Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigaciĂłn de Galicia), by European Union ERDF, and by the âMarĂa de Maeztuâ Units of Excellence program MDM-2016-0692 and the Spanish Research State Agency. We thank Nestor Armesto and David Vergara for their valuable comments. J. E. R. acknowledges financial support from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y TecnologĂa (postdoctoral fellowship
Grant No. 289198). B. D. was partially supported by a DGAPA-UNAM postdoctoral fellowship and acknowledges support from the CONEX-Plus programme funded by Universidad Carlos III de Madrid and the European Unionâs Horizon 2020 programme under the Marie
Sklodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 801538. C. P. has received financial support from Xunta de Galicia (Centro singular de investigaciĂłn de Galicia), by European Union ERDF, and by the âMarĂa de Maeztuâ Units of Excellence program MDM-2016-0692 and the Spanish Research State Agency. We thank Nestor Armesto and David Vergara for their valuable comments.Publicad
Critical slowing down in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore antiferromagnet Gd_2Ti_2O_7
Longitudinal-field muon spin relaxation experiments have been carried out in
the paramagnetic state of single-crystal Gd_2Ti_2O_7 just above the phase
transition at T_m = 1.0 K. At high applied fields the exponential relaxation
time T_1 is proportional to field, whereas T_1 saturates below a crossover
field B_c that is ~2.5 T at 1.5 K and decreases as T_m is approached. At low
fields the relaxation rate increases markedly as the freezing temperature is
approached, as expected for critical slowing down of the spin fluctuations, but
the increase is suppressed by applied field. This behavior is consistent with
the very long autocorrelation function cutoff time implied by the low value of
B_c.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, submitted to 10th International Conference on
Muon Spin Rotation, Relaxation, and Resonance, Oxford, UK, August 200
Interaction of kinematic, kinetic, and energetic predictors of young swimmersâ speed
The aim of this study was to assess the interaction of kinematic, kinetic, and energetic variables as speed predictors in
adolescent swimmers in the front-crawl stroke. Design: Ten boys (mean age [SD] = 16.4 [0.7] y) and 13 girls (mean age
[SD] = 14.9 [0.9] y) were assessed. Methods: The swimming performance indicator was a 25-m sprint. A set of kinematic, kinetic
(hydrodynamic and propulsion), and energetic variables was established as a key predictor of swimming performance. Multilevel
software was used to model the maximum swimming speed. Results: The final model identified time (estimate = â0.008,
P = .044), stroke frequency (estimate = 0.718, P < .001), active drag coefficient (estimate = â0.330, P = .004), lactate concentration
(estimate = 0.019, P < .001), and critical speed (estimate = â0.150, P = .035) as significant predictors. Therefore, the
interaction of kinematic, hydrodynamic, and energetic variables seems to be the main predictor of speed in adolescent swimmers.
Conclusions: Coaches and practitioners should be aware that improvements in isolated variables may not translate into faster
swimming speed. A multilevel evaluation may be required for a more effective assessment of the prediction of swimming speed
based on several key variables rather than a single analysisThis work is supported by national funds (FCTâPortuguese Foundation
for Science and Technology) under the project UIDB/DTP/04045/2020.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Effects of Boson Dispersion in Fermion-Boson Coupled Systems
We study the nonlinear feedback in a fermion-boson system using an extension
of dynamical mean-field theory and the quantum Monte Carlo method. In the
perturbative regimes (weak-coupling and atomic limits) the effective
interaction among fermions increases as the width of the boson dispersion
increases. In the strong coupling regime away from the anti-adiabatic limit,
the effective interaction decreases as we increase the width of the boson
dispersion. This behavior is closely related with complete softening of the
boson field. We elucidate the parameters that control this nonperturbative
region where fluctuations of the dispersive bosons enhance the delocalization
of fermions.Comment: 14 pages RevTeX including 12 PS figure
Specific heat study of single crystalline Pr Ca MnO in presence of a magnetic field
We present the results of a study of specific heat on a single crystal of
PrCaMnO performed over a temperature range 3K-300K in
presence of 0 and 8T magnetic fields. An estimate of the entropy and latent
heat in a magnetic field at the first order charge ordering (CO) transition is
presented. The total entropy change at the CO transition which is 1.8
J/mol K at 0T, decreases to 1.5 J/mol K in presence of 8T magnetic
field. Our measurements enable us to estimate the latent heat
235 J/mol involved in the CO transition. Since the entropy of the
ferromagnetic metallic (FMM) state is comparable to that of the charge-ordered
insulating (COI) state, a subtle change in entropy stabilises either of these
two states. Our low temperature specific heat measurements reveal that the
linear term is absent in 0T and surprisingly not seen even in the metallic FMM
state.Comment: 8 pages (in RevTEX format), 12 figures (in postscript format)
Submitted to Phys. Rev.
Enhanced magnetocaloric effect in frustrated magnets
The magnetothermodynamics of strongly frustrated classical Heisenberg
antiferromagnets on kagome, garnet, and pyrochlore lattices is examined. The
field induced adiabatic temperature change (dT/dH)_S is significantly larger
for such systems compared to ordinary non-frustrated magnets and also exceeds
the cooling rate of an ideal paramagnet in a wide range of fields. An
enhancement of the magnetocaloric effect is related to presence of a
macroscopic number of soft modes in frustrated magnets below the saturation
field. Theoretical predictions are confirmed with extensive Monte Carlo
simulations.Comment: 7 page
First release of the IPHAS catalogue of new extended planetary nebulae
Date of Acceptance: 30/06/2014We present the first results of our search for new, extended planetary nebulae (PNe) based on careful, systematic, visual scrutiny of the imaging data from the Isaac Newton Telescope Photometric Ha Survey of the Northern Galactic plane (IPHAS). The newly uncovered PNe will help to improve the census of this important population of Galactic objects that serve as key windows into the late-stage evolution of low- to intermediate-mass stars. They will also facilitate study of the faint end of the ensemble Galactic PN luminosity function. The sensitivity and coverage of IPHAS allows PNe to be found in regions of greater extinction in the Galactic plane and/or those PNe in a more advanced evolutionary state and at larger distances compared to the general Galactic PN population. Using a set of newly revised optical diagnostic diagrams in combination with access to a powerful, new, multiwavelength imaging data base, we have identified 159 true, likely and possible PNe for this first catalogue release. The ability of IPHAS to unveil PNe at low Galactic latitudes and towards the Galactic Anticentre, compared to previous surveys, makes this survey an ideal tool to contribute to the improvement of our knowledge of the whole Galactic PN population.Peer reviewe
Field dependence of the vortex structure in chiral p-wave superconductors
To investigate the different vortex structure between two chiral pairing p_x
+(-) i p_y, we calculate the pair potential, the internal field, the local
density of states, and free energy in the vortex lattice state based on the
quasiclassical Eilenberger theory, and analyze the magnetic field dependence.
The induced opposite chiral component of the pair potential plays an important
role in the vortex structure. It also produces H^{1/2}-behavior of the
zero-energy density of states at higher field. These results are helpful when
we understand the vortex states in Sr2RuO4.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev.
Public health application of predictive modeling: An example from farm vehicle crashes
Background: The goal of predictive modelling is to identify the likelihood of future events, such as the predictive modelling used in climate science to forecast weather patterns and significant weather occurrences. In public health, increasingly sophisticated predictive models are used to predict health events in patients and to screen high risk individuals, such as for cardiovascular disease and breast cancer. Although causal modelling is frequently used in epidemiology to identify risk factors, predictive modelling provides highly useful information for individual risk prediction and for informing courses of treatment. Such predictive knowledge is often of great utility to physicians, counsellors, health education specialists, policymakers or other professionals, who may then advice course correction or interventions to prevent adverse health outcomes from occurring. In this manuscript, we use an example dataset that documents farm vehicle crashes and conventional statistical methods to forecast the risk of an injury or death in a farm vehicle crash for a specific individual or a scenario. Results: Using data from 7094 farm crashes that occurred between 2005 and 2010 in nine mid-western states, we demonstrate and discuss predictive model fitting approaches, model validation techniques using external datasets, and the calculation and interpretation of predicted probabilities. We then developed two automated risk prediction tools using readily available software packages. We discuss best practices and common limitations associated with predictive models built from observational datasets. Conclusions: Predictive analysis offers tools that could aid the decision making of policymakers, physicians, and environmental health practitioners to improve public health
Bone health and coronary artery calcification: The Rotterdam Study
Objectives: Vascular calcification has been associated inconsistently to low bone mineral density and fractures. The aims of the present study were to investigate the associations between coronary artery calcification (CAC) and BMD change, BMD and fracture risk in elderly subjects of the population-based Rotterdam Study. Methods: BMD was assessed through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and CAC through Electron-Beam Computed Tomography in 582 men and 694 women. We investigated the associations between BMD change (6.4 years follow-up) and CAC at follow-up and between BMD and CAC (measured simultaneously). In sensitivity analyses we stratified analyses for estradiol levels in women. The association between CAC and fracture risk (9 years follow-up) was tested through competing-risks models. Models were sex-stratified and adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking, bisphosphonate use and age at menopause. Results: There was no association between BMD change and CAC in men. In women, each 1% increase in annual BMD loss was significantly associated with higher follow-up CAC [ÎČ = 0.22 (0.06-0.38), p. =. 0.006; prevalence ratio: 4%]. Stratified analyses showed significant associations between BMD loss and follow-up CAC only in women with lower estradiol levels. We found no association between CAC and fracture risk and no association between BMD and CAC cross-sectionally. Conclusions: BMD loss was associated with higher follow-up CAC in women, which might be related to low estrogen levels. No association between CAC and BMD or fracture risk was found. Further studies are required to elucidate the mechanisms that might underlie the association between BMD change and coronary calcification in women
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