Fluticasone furoate nasal spray in the treatment of allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a prevalent disease with great morbidity and significant societal and economic burden. Intranasal corticosteroids are recommended as first-line therapy for patients with moderate-to-severe disease, especially when nasal congestion is a major component of symptoms. To compare the efficacy and safety profile of different available intranasal corticosteroids for the treatment of AR, it is important to understand their different structures and pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Knowledge of these drugs has increased tremendously over the last decade. Studies have elucidated mechanisms of action, pharmacologic properties, and the clinical impact of these drugs in allergic respiratory diseases. Although the existing intranasal corticosteroids are already highly efficient, the introduction of further improved formulations with a better efficacy/safety profile is always desired. Fluticasone furoate nasal spray is a new topical corticosteroid, with enhanced-affinity and a unique side-actuated delivery device. As it has high topical potency and low potential for systemic effects, it is a good candidate for rhinitis treatment

Asma persistente em adultos: comparação da tomografia computadorizada de tórax de alta resolução após um ano de seguimento

OBJECTIVE: The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of high resolution computed tomography of the torax in detecting abnormalities in chronic asthmatic patients and to determine the behavior of these lesions after at least one year. METHOD: Fourteen persistent asthmatic patients with a mean forced expiratory volume in 1-second that was 63% of predicted and a mean forced expiratory volume in 1-second /forced vital capacity of 60% had two high resolution computed tomographys separated by an interval of at least one year. RESULTS: All 14 patients had abnormalities on both scans. The most common abnormality was bronchial wall thickening, which was present in all patients on both computed tomographys. Bronchiectasis was suggested on the first computed tomography in 5 of the 14 (36%) patients, but on follow-up, the bronchial dilatation had disappeared in 2 and diminished in a third. Only one patient had any emphysematous changes; a minimal persistent area of paraseptal emphysema was present on both scans. In 3 patients, a "mosaic" appearance was observed on the first scan, and this persisted on the follow-up computed tomography. Two patients had persistent areas of mucoid impaction. In a third patient, mucus plugging was detected only on the second computed tomography. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that there are many abnormalities on the high resolution computed tomography of patients with persistent asthma. Changes suggestive of bronchiectasis, namely bronchial dilatation, frequently resolve spontaneously. Therefore, the diagnosis of bronchiectasis by high resolution computed tomography in asthmatic patients must be made with caution, since bronchial dilatation can be reversible or can represent false dilatation. Nonsmoking chronic asthmatic subjects in this study had no evidence of centrilobular or panacinar emphysema.OBJETIVO: Avaliar o papel da tomografia computadorizada de tórax de alta resolução em detectar alterações estruturais pulmonares em pacientes asmáticos persistentes e determinar o comportamento destas lesões após pelo menos um ano de seguimento. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 14 pacientes asmáticos persistentes em que eram disponíveis duas tomografias computadorizadas de tórax de alta resolução realizadas com um intervalo de pelo menos um ano. O valor médio do volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo foi de 63% do predito e o da relação volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo/capacidade vital forçada foi de 60%. RESULTADOS: Alterações estruturais foram detectadas em todos os pacientes em ambas tomografias. A anormalidade mais comumente observada foi espessamento brônquico, presente em todos os pacientes nos dois exames. Bronquectasias foram sugeridas na primeira tomografia em cinco dos 14 (36%) pacientes, mas no segundo exame a dilatação brônquica tinha desaparecido em dois e reduzido em um. Enfisema paraseptal foi detectado em um paciente. Em três, havia padrão "em mosaico " no primeiro exame, que persistiu no segundo exame. Em dois pacientes foram detectadas áreas persistentes de impactação mucóide. Em um terceiro, a impactação foi observada somente na segunda tomografia. CONCLUSÕES: Pacientes com asma persistente apresentam múltiplas anormalidades na tomografia computadorizada de tórax de alta resolução. Imagens sugestivas de bronquectasias freqüentemente têm resolução espontânea. Desta forma, é necessária precaução ao fazer o diagnóstico de bronquectasias através de tomografia computadorizada de tórax de alta resolução em pacientes asmáticos, uma vez que a dilatação brônquica pode ser reversível ou representar uma falsa dilatação. Enfisema centrilobular ou panacinar não foi detectado em nenhum paciente deste estudo

Calidad de vida y bien estar espiritual en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica

Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e o bem-estar espiritual (BEE) de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e analisar as relações entre QVRS e BEE. As versões em português do Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLDQ) e do Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) foram aplicadas por entrevista a 70 pacientes com DPOC em tratamento ambulatorial. Os domínios do SOLDQ com menor e maior escores foram: Função Física (37,29±17,19) e Satisfação com o Tratamento (68,75±28,05). O escore médio de 94,87±13,56 indica um nível moderado de BEE. O escore total do SWBS e o da subescala Bem-Estar Religioso correlacionaram-se positivamente com o domínio Satisfação com o Tratamento (p=0,007 e p=0,002, respectivamente). Correlação negativa foi encontrada entre Bem-Estar Religioso e Função Física (p=0,05). Pacientes com maior bem-estar religioso estavam mais satisfeitos com o tratamento e tinham pior funcionamento físico.This study aimed to evaluate health related quality of life (HRQL) and spiritual well-being (SWB) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate the relationship between HRQOL and SWB. Seventy outpatients with COPD were interviewed using Portuguese versions of the Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLDQ) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). SOLDQ domains with lowest and highest scores were Physical Function (37.29±17.19) and Treatment Satisfaction (68.75±28.05). Total score of the SWBS was 94.87±13.56, indicating a moderate level of SWB. Total SWB and the subscale Religious Well-Being correlate positively with Treatment Satisfaction (p=0.007 and p=0.002, respectively). Negative correlation were found between Religious Well-Being and Physical Function domain (r = -0.233, p=0.05). Patients with higher spiritual/religious well-being were more satisfied with treatment and had worst physical functioning.En este estudio se evaluaron la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y el bienestar espiritual (BEE) de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y además la relación entre la CVRS y BEE. Setenta pacientes con EPOC en tratamiento ambulatorial fuerón entrevistados usando las versiones en portugués del Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLDQ) y del Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Las dimensiones del SOLDQ con puntuaciones más bajos y más altos fueron: Función Física (37,29 ± 17,19) y Satisfacción con el Tratamiento (68,75 ± 28,05). La puntuación media 94,87 ± 13,56 indica un nivel moderado de BEE. La puntuación total del Bienestar Religioso correlacionó positivamente con la Satisfacción con el Tratamiento (p = 0,007 y p = 0,002, respectivamente). Se encontró correlación negativa entre bienestar religioso y función físico (p = 0,05). Los pacientes con mayor bienestar religioso estaban más satisfechos con el tratamiento y tenían peor función físico

Respiratory rehabilitation: a physiotherapy approach to the control of asthma symptoms and anxiety

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to verify the degree of anxiety, respiratory distress, and health-related quality of life in a group of asthmatic patients who have experienced previous panic attacks. Additionally, we evaluated if a respiratory physiotherapy program (breathing retraining) improved both asthma and panic disorder symptoms, resulting in an improvement in the health-related quality of life of asthmatics. METHODS: Asthmatic individuals were assigned to a chest physiotherapy group that included a breathing retraining program held once a week for three months or a paired control group that included a Subtle Touch program. All patients were assessed using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV, the Sheehan Anxiety Scale, the Quality of Life Questionnaire, and spirometry parameter measurements. RESULTS: Both groups had high marks for panic disorder and agoraphobia, which limited their quality of life. The Breathing Retraining Group program improved the clinical control of asthma, reduced panic symptoms and agoraphobia, decreased patient scores on the Sheehan Anxiety Scale, and improved their quality of life. Spirometry parameters were unchanged. CONCLUSION: Breathing retraining improves the clinical control of asthma and anxiety symptoms and the health-related quality of life in asthmatic patients

Quality of life and spiritual well-being in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients

Este estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (QVRS) e o bem-estar espiritual (BEE) de pacientes com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e analisar as relações entre QVRS e BEE. As versões em português do Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLDQ) e do Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS) foram aplicadas por entrevista a 70 pacientes com DPOC em tratamento ambulatorial. Os domínios do SOLDQ com menor e maior escores foram: Função Física (37,29±17,19) e Satisfação com o Tratamento (68,75±28,05). O escore médio de 94,87±13,56 indica um nível moderado de BEE. O escore total do SWBS e o da subescala Bem-Estar Religioso correlacionaram-se positivamente com o domínio Satisfação com o Tratamento (p=0,007 e p=0,002, respectivamente). Correlação negativa foi encontrada entre Bem-Estar Religioso e Função Física (p=0,05). Pacientes com maior bem-estar religioso estavam mais satisfeitos com o tratamento e tinham pior funcionamento físico.En este estudio se evaluaron la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y el bienestar espiritual (BEE) de pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) y además la relación entre la CVRS y BEE. Setenta pacientes con EPOC en tratamiento ambulatorial fuerón entrevistados usando las versiones en portugués del Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLDQ) y del Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). Las dimensiones del SOLDQ con puntuaciones más bajos y más altos fueron: Función Física (37,29 ± 17,19) y Satisfacción con el Tratamiento (68,75 ± 28,05). La puntuación media 94,87 ± 13,56 indica un nivel moderado de BEE. La puntuación total del Bienestar Religioso correlacionó positivamente con la Satisfacción con el Tratamiento (p = 0,007 y p = 0,002, respectivamente). Se encontró correlación negativa entre bienestar religioso y función físico (p = 0,05). Los pacientes con mayor bienestar religioso estaban más satisfechos con el tratamiento y tenían peor función físico.This study aimed to evaluate health related quality of life (HRQL) and spiritual well-being (SWB) of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to investigate the relationship between HRQOL and SWB. Seventy outpatients with COPD were interviewed using Portuguese versions of the Seattle Obstructive Lung Disease Questionnaire (SOLDQ) and Spiritual Well-Being Scale (SWBS). SOLDQ domains with lowest and highest scores were Physical Function (37.29±17.19) and Treatment Satisfaction (68.75±28.05). Total score of the SWBS was 94.87±13.56, indicating a moderate level of SWB. Total SWB and the subscale Religious Well-Being correlate positively with Treatment Satisfaction (p=0.007 and p=0.002, respectively). Negative correlation were found between Religious Well-Being and Physical Function domain (r = -0.233, p=0.05). Patients with higher spiritual/religious well-being were more satisfied with treatment and had worst physical functioning

Effects of PACK guide training on the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by primary care clinicians: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial in Florianópolis, Brazil

Introduction The Practical Approach to Care Kit (PACK) guide was localised for Brazil, where primary care doctors and nurses were trained to use it. Methods Twenty-four municipal clinics in Florianópolis were randomly allocated to receive outreach training and the guide, and 24 were allocated to receive only the guide. 6666 adult patients with asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) were enrolled, and trial outcomes were measured over 12 months, using electronic medical records. The primary outcomes were composite scores of treatment changes and spirometry, and new asthma and COPD diagnosis rates. Results Asthma scores in 2437 intervention group participants were higher (74.8%, 20.4% and 4.8% with scores of 0, 1 and 2, respectively) than in 2633 control group participants (80.0%, 16.8% and 3.2%) (OR for higher score 1.32, 95% CI 1.08 to 1.61, p=0.006). Adjusted for asthma scores recorded in each clinic before training started, the OR was 1.24 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.50, p=0.022). COPD scores in 1371 intervention group participants (77.7%, 17.9% and 4.3% with scores of 0, 1 and 2) did not differ from those in 1181 control group participants (80.5%, 15.8% and 3.7%) (OR 1.21, 95% CI 0.94 to 1.55, p=0.142). Rates of new asthma and COPD diagnoses, and hospital admission, and indicators of investigation, diagnosis and treatment of comorbid cardiovascular disease, diabetes and depression, and tobacco cessation did not differ between trial arms. Conclusion PACK training increased guideline-based treatment and spirometry for asthma but did not affect COPD or comorbid conditions, or diagnosis rates

Comparison between breathing and aerobic exercise on clinical control in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma: protocol of a randomized trial

Abstract\ud \ud Background\ud Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by reversible obstruction, inflammation and hyperresponsiveness to different stimulus. Aerobic and breathing exercises have been demonstrated to benefit asthmatic patients; however, there is no evidence comparing the effectiveness of these treatments.\ud \ud \ud Methods/design\ud This is a prospective, comparative, blinded, and randomized clinical trial with 2 groups that will receive distinct interventions. Forty-eight asthmatic adults with optimized medical treatment will be randomly divided into either aerobic (AG) or breathing exercises (BG). Patients will perform breathing or aerobic exercise twice a week for 3 months, totalizing 24 sessions of 40 minutes each. Before intervention, both groups will complete an educational program consisting of 2 educational classes. Before and after interventions, the following parameters will be quantified: clinical control (main outcome), health related quality of life, levels of anxiety and depression, daily living physical activity and maximal exercise capacity (secondary outcome). Hyperventilation syndrome symptoms, autonomic nervous imbalance, thoracoabdominal kinematics, inflammatory cells in the sputum, fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) and systemic inflammatory cytokines will also be evaluated as possible mechanisms to explain the benefits of both interventions.\ud \ud \ud Discussion\ud Although the benefits of breathing and aerobic exercises have been extensively studied, the comparison between both has never been investigated. Furthermore, the findings of our results will allow us to understand its application and suitability to patients that will have more benefits for every intervention optimizing its effect.\ud \ud \ud Trial registration\ud Clinicaltrials.gov; Identifier: \ud NCT02065258\ud \ud .This work was supported by São Paulo Research Foundation - FAPESP (grants\ud 2009/53904-9 and 2011/50071-6)

Efeito agudo do salbutamol no sistema cardiovascular durante o exercício físico em pacientes com asma moderada ou grave: estudo aleatorizado, duplo-cego e cruzado

Salbutamol é um β2-agonista de curta duração frequentemente utilizado em pacientes com asma para prevenir os sintomas durante ou após exercício físico. Alterações hemodinâmicas em repouso estão bem descritas. Contudo são escassos os dados sobre os efeitos na frequência cardíaca (FC) e pressão arterial (PA) durante o exercício e na fase de recuperação em pacientes com asma moderada ou grave. Foi realizado um estudo aleatorizado, duplo-cego e cruzado, em que foram inclusos 15 indivíduos com asma moderada e grave, com média de idade de 46,4±9,3 anos. Os pacientes realizaram um teste de esforço máximo em dois dias não consecutivos, com administração de 400mcg de salbutamol ou 4 “puffs” de placebo. Durante todo o protocolo foi monitorada a FC, a PA, a percepção de esforço e o pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE). Após o uso do salbutamol, o valor do PFE aumentou em média de 28,0±47,7L/m, permanecendo maior nos tempos de 5, 10 e 15 minutos de recuperação passiva em relação ao placebo (p;0,05). Esses resultados sugerem que o uso de salbutamol é seguro, e que a FC não necessita de ser ajustada para prescrever a intensidade do exercício após a administração de salbutamol em indivíduos com asma moderada ou grave.Salbutamol es un agonista β2 de corta duración frecuentemente utilizado en pacientes con asma para prevenir los síntomas durante o después del ejercicio físico. Los cambios hemodinámicos en descanso están bien descritos. Sin embargo, son escasos los datos sobre los efectos en la frecuencia cardíaca (FC) y la presión arterial (PA) durante el ejercicio y en la fase de recuperación en pacientes con asma moderada o grave. Se realizó un estudio aleatorizado, doble ciego y cruzado, donde fueron incluidos 15 individuos con asma moderada y grave, con una media de edad de 46,4 ± 9,3 años. Los pacientes realizaron una prueba de esfuerzo máximo en 2 días no consecutivos, con administración de 400mcg de salbutamol o 4 «puffs» de placebo. Durante el protocolo se supervisaron la FC, PA, percibe el esfuerzo y el Pico flujo espiratorio (PEF). Después del uso del salbutamol, el valor del PFE aumentó en promedio de 28,0 ± 47,7 L/m, permaneciendo mayor en los tiempos 5, 10 y 15 minutos de recuperación pasiva con relación al placebo (p ; 0,05). Los resultados sugieren que el uso de salbutamol es seguro y que la FC no necesita ser ajustada para prescribir la intensidad del ejercicio después de la administración de salbutamol en individuos con asma moderada o grave.Salbutamol is a β2-agonist of short duration commonly used in patients with asthma to prevent symptoms during or after exercise. Hemodynamic changes at rest are well described. However, there is little data on the effects on heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) during exercise and recovery phase in patients with moderate or severe asthma A randomized, double-blind, cross-over study was conducted, including 15 individuals with moderate and severe asthma, mean age 46.4±9.3 years. Patients underwent a maximal 2-day exercise test with 400 mcg salbutamol or 4 placebo puffs. Throughout the protocol, HR, BP, perceived exertion and peak of expiratory flow (PEF) were monitored. After the use of salbutamol, the PEF value increased by a mean of 28.0±47.7L/m, remaining increased at 5, 10 and 15 minutes of passive recovery compared to placebo (p;0.05). These results suggest that the use of salbutamol is safe and that HR does not need to be adjusted to prescribe exercise intensity following salbutamol administration in subjects with moderate or severe asthma

Engaging stakeholders to level up COPD care in LMICs:lessons learned from the "Breathe Well" programme in Brazil, China, Georgia, and North Macedonia

BACKGROUND: Effective stakeholder engagement in health research is increasingly being recognised and promoted as an important pathway to closing the gap between knowledge production and its use in health systems. However, little is known about its process and impacts, particularly in low-and middle-income countries. This opinion piece draws on the stakeholder engagement experiences from a global health research programme on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) led by clinician researchers in Brazil, China, Georgia and North Macedonia, and presents the process, outcomes and lessons learned.MAIN BODY: Each country team was supported with an overarching engagement protocol and mentored to develop a tailored plan. Patient involvement in research was previously limited in all countries, requiring intensive efforts through personal communication, meetings, advisory groups and social media. Accredited training programmes were effective incentives for participation from healthcare providers; and aligning research findings with competing policy priorities enabled interest and dialogue with decision-makers. The COVID-19 pandemic severely limited possibilities for planned engagement, although remote methods were used where possible. Planned and persistent engagement contributed to shared knowledge and commitment to change, including raised patient and public awareness about COPD, improved skills and practice of healthcare providers, increased interest and support from clinical leaders, and dialogue for integrating COPD services into national policy and practice.CONCLUSION: Stakeholder engagement enabled relevant local actors to produce and utilise knowledge for small wins such as improving day-to-day practice and for long-term goals of equitable access to COPD care. For it to be successful and sustained, stakeholder engagement needs to be valued and integrated throughout the research and knowledge generation process, complete with dedicated resources, contextualised and flexible planning, and commitment.</p