Design of The New Upper Structure Comba Bridge in Jayapura Regency Using Prestressed Concrete

Comba Bridge is located in the main road of Jayapura Regency. This bridge has some damages due to the density of the traffic on the bridge. In order to increase the level of service, it is necessary to figure out the solution. One of the solution is designing a new bridge beside the old bridge. The aim is to design a new bridge using prestressed concrete girder as the main structure and figure out the general construction method for this bridge. Stressing method for the main structure is post tensioning method. The new bridge has two 25 meters spans. Designing includes secondary structure design and main structure design. The analysis result show that pedestrian barrier consists of two galvanized steel railing, H-profile steel column, concrete deck slab and pavement slab using reinforced concrete with 22 cm thickness. Main structure using Precast Concrete I Girder (PCI Girder) has 4500 kN initial prestressed force and 4 cables that consist of 7-wire strand super grade. Erection method of the girder using launcher machine

Regulatory T Cells in Human Lymphatic Filariasis: Stronger Functional Activity in Microfilaremics

Infection with filarial parasites is associated with T cell hyporesponsiveness, which is thought to be partly mediated by their ability to induce regulatory T cells (Tregs) during human infections. This study investigates the functional capacity of Tregs from different groups of filarial patients to suppress filaria-specific immune responses during human filariasis. Microfilaremic (MF), chronic pathology (CP) and uninfected endemic normal (EN) individuals were selected in an area endemic for Brugia timori in Flores island, Indonesia. PBMC were isolated, CD4CD25hi cells were magnetically depleted and in vitro cytokine production and proliferation in response to B. malayi adult worm antigen (BmA) were determined in total and Treg-depleted PBMC. In MF subjects BmA-specific T and B lymphocyte proliferation as well as IFN-gamma, IL-13 and IL-17 responses were lower compared to EN and CP groups. Depletion of Tregs restored T cell as well as B cell proliferation in MF-positives, while proliferative responses in the other groups were not enhanced. BmA-induced IL-13 production was increased after Treg removal in MF-positives only. Thus, filaria-associated Tregs were demonstrated to be functional in suppressing proliferation and possibly Th2 cytokine responses to BmA. These suppressive effects were only observed in the MF group and not in EN or CP. These findings may be important when considering strategies for filarial treatment and the targeted prevention of filaria-induced lymphedema

Secondary crystalline phases identification in Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin films: contributions from Raman scattering and photoluminescence

In this work, we present the Raman peak positions of the quaternary pure selenide compound Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe) and related secondary phases that were grown and studied under the same conditions. A vast discussion about the position of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) reflections of these compounds is presented. It is known that by using XRD only, CZTSe can be identified but nothing can be said about the presence of some secondary phases. Thin films of CZTSe, Cu2SnSe3, ZnSe, SnSe, SnSe2, MoSe2 and a-Se were grown, which allowed their investigation by Raman spectroscopy (RS). Here we present all the Raman spectra of these phases and discuss the similarities with the spectra of CZTSe. The effective analysis depth for the common back-scattering geometry commonly used in RS measurements, as well as the laser penetration depth for photoluminescence (PL) were estimated for different wavelength values. The observed asymmetric PL band on a CZTSe film is compatible with the presence of CZTSe single-phase and is discussed in the scope of the fluctuating potentials’ model. The estimated bandgap energy is close to the values obtained from absorption measurements. In general, the phase identification of CZTSe benefits from the contributions of RS and PL along with the XRD discussion.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI APOTEKER DALAM PELAKSANAAN KESEHATAN YANG PROFESIONAL DAN MANDIRI DI KABUPATEN ACEH BARAT

This study titled Legal Protection for Pharmacists in the implementation of professional and independent health in the district of West Aceh. The background of the research was due to the number of pharmacists who were blamed by certain parties, where the pharmacist already worked in accordance with the principles contained in the code of ethics and legislation to their authority. Thus,whst kind of the form of legal protection can be given to the pharmacists who suffered losses? The main issues answered in this paper were what kind of the legal protection was for pharmacists in the implementation of professionals and independent health care and what remedies are made by the consumer if the pharmacist did not run an independent and professional health care in West Aceh district. This study was an assessment of the normative-empirical laws, while the samples in this study were four pharmacists. Sampling technique was done by purposive sampling. The data were obtained by interviewing the subjects, while the tool used was the interview guide. The results of this study indicated that legal protection for pharmacists in the implementation of professional and independent health was preventive and repressive, while legal action nu consumers when feeling aggrieved by Pharmacists was that they could hold accountable for the pharmacist om condition that the consumer must be able to prove that the fault was purely because of pharmacists

Dihydro-β-agarofurans from the Australian rainforest plant Denhamia celastroides that inhibit leucine transport in prostate cancer cells

Four new dihydro-β-agarofurans, denhaminols K–N (4–7), along with three known secondary metabolites, denhaminols A–C (1–3) were obtained from the large-scale isolation studies of the leaves of the Australian endemic rainforest plant, Denhamia celastroides. The structures of the previously undescribed compounds were determined by detailed 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, ultraviolet, and infrared data analysis. All compounds were found to inhibit the activity of leucine transport in a human prostate cancer cell line with IC 50 values ranging from 5.1–74.9 μM. Dihydro-β-agarofurans 1–7 showed better potency than the L-type amino acid transporter family inhibitor, 2-aminobicyclo[2.2.1]-heptane-2-carboxylic acid (BCH)

Synthesis of bilocularin A carbamate derivatives and their evaluation as leucine transport inhibitors in prostate cancer cells

Large-scale extraction of the leaves of the Australian rainforest tree Maytenus bilocularis followed by extensive purification studies afforded the targeted and abundant dihydro-β-agarofuran, bilocularin A, in sufficient quantities (>500 mg) for detailed semi-synthetic chemistry. Eight bilocularin A carbamate analogues were synthesised using a series of commercially available isocyanate reagents in high purity (>95%) and variable yields (9–91%). All previously undescribed analogues were spectroscopically characterised using NMR, UV, IR and MS data. One compound afforded crystalline material and subsequent single crystal X-ray analysis (Cu-Kα) confirmed the chemical structure along with the absolute configuration. All compounds were evaluated for anti-proliferative activity against the human prostate cancer cell line LNCaP; none of the compounds showed significant (>50%) growth inhibition at 20 μM. Compounds were also tested for their ability to inhibit leucine transport in LNCaP cells, and two analogues showed moderate activity with IC50 values of 8.9 and 8.5 μM. This is the first reported synthesis of dihydro-β-agarofuran carbamate derivatives