Multiple drivers of decline in the global status of freshwater crayfish (Decapoda: Astacidea)

International audienceRates of biodiversity loss are higher in freshwater ecosystems than in most terrestrial or marine ecosystems, making freshwater conservation a priority. However, prioritization methods are impeded by insufficient knowledge on the distribution and conservation status of freshwater taxa, particularly invertebrates. We evaluated the extinction risk of the world's 590 freshwater crayfish species using the IUCN Categories and Criteria and found 32% of all species are threatened with extinction. The level of extinction risk differed between families, with proportionally more threatened species in the Parastacidae and Astacidae than in the Cambaridae. Four described species were Extinct and 21% were assessed as Data Deficient. There was geographical variation in the dominant threats affecting the main centres of crayfish diversity. The majority of threatened US and Mexican species face threats associated with urban development, pollution, damming and water management. Conversely, the majority of Australian threatened species are affected by climate change, harvesting, agriculture and invasive species. Only a small proportion of crayfish are found within the boundaries of protected areas, suggesting that alternative means of long-term protection will be required. Our study highlights many of the significant challenges yet to come for freshwater biodiversity unless conservation planning shifts from a reactive to proactive approach

Population change of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo in central southern England between 2011 and 2016

Capsule: Distance sampling identified an increase in estimated population size of Common Buzzards Buteo buteo in central southern England between 2011 and 2016 of more than 50%. The rate of population growth slowed in later years. Aims: To assess the utility of a targeted distance sampling protocol to derive seasonal and annual population estimates for Common Buzzards across an area of southern England. Methods: We used a line transect survey methodology and multiple covariate distance sampling to assess population density and abundance of Common Buzzards in spring and autumn between 2011 and 2016 across a 2600 km2 area of central southern England. Results: Estimated population size increased by more than 50%, from approximately 2900 to 4500 individuals, across the period in a trend similar to that shown by Breeding Bird Survey data. Discussion: A slowing of the growth in population size of Common Buzzards in central southern England suggests that the species may be approaching carrying capacity in this area. These results also suggest that currently employed broad scale survey methodologies adequately reflect the general population trends for this species. Our data provide the first published estimates of the Common Buzzard population in central southern England derived from direct empirical assessment

Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study

A41 Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study In: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 2017, 12(Suppl 1): A4

FLUID INTAKE AND SWEAT RATE DURING HOT YOGA PARTICIPATION

FLUID INTAKE AND SWEAT RATE DURING HOT YOGA PARTICIPATION 1S. Campbell, 2R.C. Pritchett, 1K. Justice, 2K.L. Pritchett, and 1T.R. Burnham 1Central Washington University, Ellensburg, WA. 2The University of Georgia, Athens, GA. Sport participants often begin competition or practice in a hypo-hydrated state. Hot yoga participants are at risk for dehydration due to the nature of the environment they practice in, which could be compounded by their pre-exercise hydration status. PURPOSE: To investigate the pre-exercise hydration status, fluid balance, perception of sweat loss, and sweat sodium loss in hot yoga participants. METHODS: Male and female participants (n = 21, 33 ± 10.5 yr., 173.1 ± 10.0 cm; mass, 70.7 ± 11.0 kg) were examined during a one - hour hot hatha yoga class (38.7 ± 2.6 °C, 36 ± 13% relative humidity). Urine specific gravity (USG) was measured to assess pre-exercise hydration status. Sweat rate was calculated using pre and post session weight and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration was analyzed via a sweat patch sample. After the hot yoga session, participants were asked to fill an empty 1 -liter container with the amount of water with which they perceived they lost as sweat during the class. A paired t test was used to identify significance between measured sweat loss and perceived sweat loss and Pearson’s correlation analyses were used to assess any relationships between selected variables (p ≤ 0.05). RESULTS: 76% of participants began hot yoga euhydrated (USG \u3c 1.020). Sweat rate was 0.9 ± 0.6 L·h-1, and despite free access to fluids during class, consumption was low (0.2 ± 0.2 L·h-1) and 33% did not consume any fluids. Consequently, mean percent body mass loss was 0.9 ± 0.6% from pre-exercise body mass, and about half of the participants lost at least 1% of body mass. There was a significant difference between perception of sweat loss and measured loss (p = 0.01). Mean sweat sodium concentration was 49.1 ± 19.2 mmol·L-1. CONCLUSION: These findings highlight the individual variability in hydration management among hot yoga participants. Therefore, a need for personalized hydration guidelines and individual education is warranted to prevent hypo hydration

Noise from a Phantom Road Experiment Alters the Age Structure of a Community of Migrating Birds

Several past studies have demonstrated the effects of anthropogenic noise on populations of animals. Yet, differing effects of noise by age and subsequent changes in the age structure of populations are poorly understood. We experimentally tested the effects of traffic noise alone on the age structure of a community of migrating birds at a fall stopover site in south-western Idaho using an array of speakers – creating a phantom road – that replicated the sound of a roadway without other confounding aspects of roads. Both hatch-year and adult birds were negatively affected by noise – having lower capture rates, lower body condition and lower stopover efficiency along the phantom road when the noise was on compared to control conditions. However, hatch-year birds responded more strongly which lead to a significant shift in the ratio of hatch-year to adult birds under noisy conditions. Our previous work using the phantom road demonstrated that traffic noise can degrade the quality of a stopover site by affecting the ability of migrating birds to gain body condition. Here, we demonstrate differences between age classes such that although noise degrades habitat for both hatch-year and adult migrants, there are still differences in responses to noise between age groups. Despite alternative explanations of our results such as changes in behavior affecting capture likelihood, evidence suggests that younger birds avoided the phantom road more than adult birds perhaps because of different tradeoffs between foraging and predation risk and differing strategies of site selection during migration